INSTITUTIONAL COMPONENT OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

STATE

POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS

THE CONCEPT OF POLITICAL PARTY AND MOVEMENT

LIBERAL TRADITION

The party acts as a group based on ideological ties.

MARXIST TRADITION

The party is the representative of class interests.

MODERN WESTERN SCIENCE

A party is defined as one of the institutions of the political system.

Political party(from Latin “partio” - part, business) - a voluntary union of citizens, bound by an ideological community, striving for possession political power, or to participate in the exercise of power in the state. SIGNS OF A POLITICAL PARTY

• A certain ideology, system common values and norms (reflected in the program).
• An organization is a relatively long-term voluntary association of people (reflected in the charter).
• The party’s focus on realizing the interests of those through the state social groups which she expresses.
• The party's desire to secure voter support (achieved through the election program).

POLITICAL PARTY STRUCTURE

FIRST LEVEL:

Voter bloc, mass base

providing support to candidates for

election campaign period

SECOND LEVEL:

Official party organization (party leaders, party bureaucracy, party ideologists, party activists)

THIRD LEVEL:

Party in the system of government (officials in the state apparatus)

A political movement is the solidarity activity of citizens aimed at achieving some significant political goal.

THE CONCEPT OF A POLITICAL MOVEMENT

The characteristic features of public organizations are the following:

• Public organizations do not have power relations and cannot make binding decisions and demand their implementation.
• They do not aim to seize state power, but their activities can acquire a political character.
• These are voluntary organizations of citizens that arose on their initiative.
• The state does not interfere in their activities, but regulates them in accordance with current legislation.

POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN RUSSIA

Slavic Union

Black Hundred

Piggy vs.

Green planet

Solidarity

Mediation - representation of interests

social groups and layers of society

The struggle for power - participation in elections

campaigns, participation in the formation of bodies

state power

Ideological – development and implementation

party program, propaganda of one’s ideas

Integration - smoothing out conflicts,

coordinating the interests of the contending forces,

political stabilization of society

FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES

Communication - ensuring communication between the masses and

government agencies,

institutionalization of political participation of citizens

Political Recruitment - Replenishment

party with new members and formation

political elite

Regulatory - development, application and

implementation of relationship rules

political institutions (party coalitions,

unions and blocs)

Political socialization of the individual

1. IN RELATION TO AUTHORITY:

RULING – OPPOSITION

2. IN RELATION TO THE LAW:

LEGAL – ILLEGAL

3. BY IDEOLOGICAL ORIENTATION:

MONARCHICAL, CONSERVATIVE, LIBERAL, SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC, SOCIALIST, CLERICAL, COMMUNIST, FASCIST, NATIONALIST

TYPOLOGY OF POLITICAL PARTIES

PERSONNEL PARTS

• few
• free membership
• rely on professional politicians and the financial elite
• carry out activities only during the election period
• supported by wealthy sponsors

Cadre parties emerged

in the XVII – XVIII centuries. and had an elitist character (Tories and Whigs in England, parties in the USA)

TYPOLOGY OF POLITICAL PARTIES

4. BY TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:

MASS PARTIES

• numerous
• fixed membership
• strict discipline
• primary

party organizations

• activism among the masses
• financing from membership fees

Mass parties were born

V late XIX V. (German Social Democracy 1891)

TYPOLOGY OF POLITICAL PARTIES

5. BY PLACE ON THE SCALE OF THE PARTY SPECTRUM:

TYPOLOGY OF POLITICAL PARTIES

6. BY METHODS OF ACTION:

REFORMIST - REVOLUTIONARY

Meeting of the activists of the Cadet Party. February 1907

Members of the RSDLP (b).

April 1906

TYPES OF PARTY RELATIONS

Party coalition - association of P.P. to achieve political goals.

Party faction - part of the P.P., putting forward its own program, different from the general party program

Parliamentary faction – a group of deputies

parliament, members

one P.P., who

pursues the policy of P.P.

In the 2014 parliamentary elections in Australia, the coalition of the Liberal and National parties won.

TYPES OF PARTY SYSTEMS

Party system - stable connections and relationships of political parties of various types with each other, as well as with the state and other political institutions

• Non-partisan
• One-party
• Bipartisan
• Multi-party

NON-PARTY POLITICAL SYSTEM

In a non-party system, either there are no officially registered political parties, or the law prohibits the emergence of the latter.

In non-partisan elections, each candidate speaks for himself and is thus a bright and independent politician.

ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES

Oman

DIRECT BAN ON PARTS

Jordan

Ghana

SINGLE PARTY POLITICAL SYSTEM

• one leading party;
• merger of the party and

states

• characteristic of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes

Communist Party of China

Communist Party of Cuba

Workers' Party of Korea

Pyongyang honors the Workers' Party of Korea on its 65th anniversary

RULING PARTY SYSTEM

A dominant party system is a party system in which only one party has real political power, having a qualified majority in parliament and forming the government on its own or (in some cases) as part of a ruling coalition.

Republican Party of Armenia

National Front of Malaysia

People's Action Party of Singapore

TWO-PARTY POLITICAL SYSTEM

• two strong parties "exchange" power between these parties
• other parties do not have power majoritarian system

Jamaica

United Kingdom

US Republican Party US Democratic Party

MULTI-PARTY POLITICAL SYSTEM

• many parties, none of which has advantages over others
• competition between parties
• Proportional electoral system
• there are party blocs and associations

Netherlands

Belgium

Czech Republic

Permanent coalition instability leading to frequent dissolution of the legislature

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS

• Election campaigns are built less and less on ideologies, and more and more on the “topic of the day” and populism.
• In the public consciousness there is no connection between real power and parties.
• For elites, ideologues and parties are instruments of dominance. The population is politically illiterate, and paternalistic sentiments still prevail.
• Parties based on classical ideologies have little prospects - the electorate is less than 15%.

POLITICAL CHANGES IN THE EARLY 21st CENTURY

POLITICAL MOVEMENTS

POLITICAL PARTIES

• The erosion of social class orientations
• Decrease in the mass of parties
• Growing voter distrust

• There are millions of people
• Have a powerful influence on international relations and internal political processes

UNITED RUSSIA PARTY

The ruling party fully supports the policies of the president and the government. Created in 2001 by uniting three parties: Unity, Fatherland and All Russia. At the moment it is the largest party in the country, with more than a million members. The chairman of the party is D.A. Medvedev. Co-chairs – B.V. Gryzlov, Shoigu S.K., Shaimiev M.Sh.

COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RF

A pronounced opposition party that expresses disagreement with the main directions of the current government’s policies. The party's course basically coincides with the course of the CPSU, but takes into account the current situation in the country. Created in 1993 on the basis of the CPSU. Currently there are about 550 thousand members. The head of the party is G.A. Zyuganov.

LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF RUSSIA

A radical party advocating a strong state, to which the interests of all its citizens should be subordinated. Despite criticism, he basically supports the course of the president and the government. Formed in 1989, the LDPR is popular mainly thanks to its leader V.V. Zhirinovsky, therefore, is often called by political scientists a party of one person. .

A JUST RUSSIA

A party that advocates social and legal equality of citizens, the responsibility of the state to citizens and a greater degree of participation of the latter in governing the country.

Supports the policies of President V.V. Putin.

Formed in 2006 by combining three parties: “Motherland”, “ Russian Party pensioners" and "Russian Party of Life".

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Presentation slides

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POLITICAL PARTIES. PARTY SYSTEM IN MODERN RUSSIA

Klin 2008-2009

Municipal educational institution Lyceum No. 10 named after. DI. MENDELEEV

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LESSON OBJECTIVES:

INTRODUCTION TO THE TYPES, SIGNS, FUNCTIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES. WITH THE STAGES OF THE FORMATION OF MULTIPARTY PARTY IN THE RF. FORMATION OF SOCIAL COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS - CITIZENS, VOTERS, ETC. CULTIVATING A SENSE OF RESPECT FOR YOUR STATE.

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A political party is a public association created by citizens on the basis of common political views with the aim of participating in government. Each party presents its own political program, charter and symbols. As a rule, any citizen of the state can join one or another party at will.

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United Russia is the ruling party that fully supports the policies of the president and the government. Created in 2001 by combining three parties: Unity, Fatherland and All Russia. At the moment it is the largest party in the country, with more than a million members. This is explained not only by the political course of the party, but also by the support that authorities at all levels provide to its members. The chairman of the party is Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. Co-chairs: Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov, Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov, Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu, Mintimer Sharipovich Shaimiev. The symbol of the party is polar bear. Colors are white and blue.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was born on October 7, 1952 in Leningrad. The parents of the future president of Russia were born in the Tver region. Vladimir Vladimirovich’s grandfather worked as a cook first for Vladimir Lenin and then for Joseph Stalin. The president's father (Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin) was a party worker, participated in the Great Patriotic War and then worked at a factory. According to unofficial versions, Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin was an employee of the NKVD-KGB.

Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov was born on September 21, 1936 in Moscow. After graduating from school, he entered the Moscow Institute of Petrochemical and gas industry, which he successfully graduated in 1958. Since 1992, Yuri Mikhailovich has remained the permanent mayor of Moscow. In all elections he receives at least ninety percent of the votes.

Sergei Kozhugetovich Shoigu – Minister Russian Federation for civil defense matters, emergency situations and Disaster Management, Army General.

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The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a pronounced opposition party, expressing disagreement with the main directions of the policy of the current government. The party's course basically coincides with the course of the CPSU, but takes into account the current situation in the country. Created in 1993 on the basis of the CPSU. Currently there are about 550 thousand members. The head of the party is Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov. Party symbols are sickle, hammer and book. Colors are red. In the presidential elections in 1996, Gennady Zyuganov nominated himself and received 31.96 percent of the votes in the first round. In the second round he managed to score over forty percent.

Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov - Chairman of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF), leader of Thrace in the State Duma, famous Russian politician. Born on June 26, 1944 in the village of Mymrino, Oryol region.

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LDPR (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) is a radical party that advocates a strong state, to which the interests of all its citizens should be subordinated. Despite criticism of the situation in the country, he basically supports the course of the president and the government. Formed in 1989. The LDPR is popular mainly thanks to its leader Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky, which is why political scientists often call it a party of one man. He is essentially its symbol. The colors are blue.

Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky is a Russian politician, leader of the LDPR political party. Born on April 25, 1946 in Alma-Ata.

Political career Zhirinovsky begins in 1991, when the future oppositionist created and registered the Liberal Democratic Party of the USSR. As party leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky was opposed to disbandment Soviet Union, for which he received the support of the people in the elections. The electorate fell in love with a politician who is not afraid to say out loud what he thinks, to point out to his face the mistakes of his colleagues and the president himself. Zhirinovsky failed to become president, although he took third place in the elections, gaining eight percent of the vote.

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A Just Russia is a party that advocates social and legal equality of citizens, the responsibility of the state to citizens and a greater degree of participation of the latter in governing the country. Supports the policies of President V.V. Putin. Formed in 2006 by combining three parties: “Motherland”, “Russian Party of Pensioners” and “Russian Party of Life”.

Party symbol Russian flag with a wide red stripe on which there is the inscription: “A Just Russia”, and below the inscription: “Motherland. Pensioners. Life".

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FAMOUS RUSSIAN POLITICIANS

Grigory Alekseevich Yavlinsky – Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the State Duma faction “Yabloko”, Chairman of the all-Russian public political organization “Yabloko Association”

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In 1995, Khakamada was elected chairman of the Central Council of the All-Russian Political public organization"Common cause." She remained in this post until 2000, when she moved to the position of deputy chairman of the Union of Right Forces party. In the summer of 2000, she became the head of the St. Petersburg branch of the Union of Right Forces party. In 1995, the American Time magazine named Irina Khakamada a politician of the twenty-first century; in addition, she was included in the hundred most famous women in the world, according to a sociological survey. For two years in a row (1997 and 1998), Irina Khakamada held the title “Woman of the Year”.

Irina Mutsuovna Khakamada – Former co-chairman of the Union of Right Forces, former leader party “Our Choice”, famous Russian politician, deputy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

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In 1999, the Union of Right Forces electoral bloc nominated Nemtsov as a State Duma deputy. His candidacy was approved in December. A year later, Boris Efimovich becomes deputy chairman of the State Duma. Since 2000, Nemtsov has been chairman of the Federal Political Council of the Union of Right Forces party.

Boris Efimovich Nemtsov - Member of the Federal Political Council, a famous Russian politician. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Awarded the medal "For Services to the Fatherland"

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Starovoytova's political career dates back to 1989, when she was elected people's deputy of the USSR. In 1990, Galina Vasilievna became a member of the Committee of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on Human Rights. A year later, she was appointed advisor to the President of Russia on interethnic relations. In the winter of 1992 she was dismissed. In 1995, Galina Starovoitova nominated herself as a candidate for the State Duma. Together with L. Ponomarev and G. Yakunin, he heads the association “Democratic Russia - Free Trade Unions”. In 1996, Galina Vasilievna received membership in the State Duma Committee on Affairs public associations And religious organizations. In 1998, she chaired the federal party “Democratic Russia”.

Galina Vasilievna Starovoitova - Russian political and statesman, ethnosociologist, specialist in the field of interethnic relations. On November 20, 1998, she was killed in the entrance of her house in St. Petersburg.

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Vladislav Nikolaevich Listyev is a journalist, the first general director of Public Russian Television, artistic director and presenter of the popular programs “Vzglyad”, “Field of Miracles”, “Theme”, “Rush Hour” and many others. On March 1, 1995, he was killed in the entrance of his own house.

Journalist of the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper Dmitry Yuryevich Kholodov was born on June 21, 1967 in the city of Sergiev Posad. D. Yu. Kholodov grew up in the town of Klimovsk near Moscow, studied at school No. 5, which today bears his name. He worked as a war correspondent for the newspaper Moskovsky Komsomolets, engaged in investigative journalism, and wrote about violations in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Alexander Ivanovich Lebed - born on April 20, 1950 into a working-class family in the city of Novocherkassk. Lieutenant General, Governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, State Duma deputy, politician. He has awards: the Order of the “Combat Red Banner”, the “Red Star” - for Afghanistan, “For Service to the Motherland” 2nd and 3rd degree, the cross “For the Defense of Transnistria”, numerous medals. In the spring of 1998, Alexander Ivanovich participated in the elections for the post of governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and won. At the end of April 2002, General Lebed, the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, died as a result of a plane crash. The plane in which the governor was flying crashed.

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TEST YOURSELF

A POLITICAL PARTY PERFORMS THE FUNCTION IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM:

A. ORGANIZER OF MINISTRIES AND DEPARTMENTS B. REGULATOR OF ECONOMIC PROCESSES C. MEDIATOR BETWEEN SOCIETY AND THE STATE D. DEFENDER OF THE INTERESTS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE STATE APPARATUS

2. AIM AT CONQUERING POLITICAL POWER – THIS IS.

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Slide captions:

Political parties and movements

A political party is an organized group of like-minded people that represents the interests of part of the people and aims to implement its political program by gaining state power or participating in its implementation. Partyology is a science that studies political parties.

History of the formation of political parties in the 4th century. BC - in the time of Aristotle, political groups spontaneously formed, which were called parties of the 16th - 17th centuries. – parties – aristocratic groups (Tories and Whigs) XVIII – XIX centuries. – parties-political clubs (Jacobin club) XIX – XX centuries. – modern political parties with a developed organizational structure and political ideology

11/17/17 Moskaltsova V.V. The party as one of the organizations - institutions of the political system. This approach is inherent in modern Western political science. The party as a representative of class interests. This approach is characteristic of the Marxist tradition. He connects the emergence of parties with the division of society into opposing classes and considers the party highest form class organization. The party acts as a group based on ideological ties. Proponents of this approach (the liberal tradition) emphasize ideological principles. Approaches to the essence of political parties

The bearer of a certain ideology 1 Organization, the presence of a certain structure 2 The presence of program documents - the Charter and the Program 3 3 The presence of own property, financial resources, the media 4 4 The presence of its own symbols 5 The desire to gain power 6 Signs of a political party

1. In relation to the authorities Ruling Opposition 2. In relation to the law Illegal Legal Typology of political parties

3. By type organizational structure CASUAL PARTIES are few in number, free membership rely on professional politicians and the financial elite, operate only during election periods, exist at the expense of wealthy sponsors MASS PARTIES are numerous, fixed membership, strict discipline, primary party organizations, active work among the masses, collective financing through membership fees Typology of political parties

4. By place in the party spectrum scale LEFT PARTIES CENTER PARTIES RIGHT PARTIES Socialist and communist parties: - for reforms - for ousting the private sector - social protection of workers - radical revolutionary methods Liberal parties: - compromise - cooperation Conservative parties: - for a strong state - protection of private property - for stability - negative attitude towards revolution Typology of political parties

5. By methods of action Reformist Revolutionary Typology of political parties Party coalition is a union of parties to achieve political goals. A party faction is a part of a party that puts forward its own program, different from the general party program. A parliamentary faction is a group of parliament members, members of the same party, which pursues the policy of a particular party.

Party system Stable connections and relationships of political parties of various types with each other, as well as with the state and other political institutions The totality of all political parties operating in a given country, their relationships with each other

Quasi-multi-party system - real power is concentrated in the hands of one party with formal permission for the activities of other parties (China, Russian Federation) Multi-party system is one of the basic constitutional principles of organizing political life in modern democratic states, which is an expression of more general principle political and ideological pluralism (diversity)

Signs of a political party are a certain ideology, a system of common values ​​and norms (implemented in the party program); a relatively long-term voluntary association of people (the structure is reflected in the charter); the party’s focus on realizing through the state the interests of those social groups that it expresses; desire to secure voter support.

Along with parties, there are also political movements - the solidary activity of citizens aimed at achieving some significant political goal. Differences political movement from the party: does not set the goal of coming to power; people with different political views participate; goals are narrower; wider social base; mass character.

Modern trends in the development of political parties and movements Decline in the influence of parties Convergence of ideological programs Changes in the composition of the electorate due to changes in social groups, reliance on layers The function of socialization is lost, there is no direct communication and with the increasing influence of the media Preferences change due to an increase in the educational level

Homework: Notes + terms + develop a program for your own political party. Specify: 1. The ideological orientation of your party; 2. Party program (in the field of political, economic, social development; directions to foreign policy) 3. Develop goals (short-term and long-term). 4. Which segments of the population are you targeting in your political activity. 5. Your relationship with the current government

Political party “What is a party? Every party generally infringes upon, damages a person’s individuality, weakens his personality and will, it squeezes him into the party program, the party charter.” “Who actually runs the party? Yes, almost always a “money bag”! You poke your nose into your black soil, and we will decide for you what to do.” A. I. Solzhenitsyn

History of the formation of political parties in the 4th century. BC - in the time of Aristotle, political groups spontaneously formed, which were called parties of the 16th - 17th centuries. – parties – aristocratic groups (Tories and Whigs) XVIII – XIX centuries. – parties-political clubs (Jacobin club) XIX – XX centuries. – modern political parties with a developed organizational structure and political ideology

Signs of a political party A bearer of a certain ideology 1 Organized, the presence of a certain structure 2 The presence of program documents - the Charter and the Program 3 3 The presence of its own property, financial resources, media 4 4 The presence of its own symbols 5 The desire to gain power 6

Functions of a political party Intermediary - representation of the interests of social groups and sectors of society Struggle for power - participation in election campaigns, participation in the formation of government bodies Ideological - development and implementation of a party program, propaganda of one’s ideas, formation of the electorate Integration - smoothing out conflicts, coordinating the interests of contending forces , political stabilization of society

Functions of a political party Normative - development, application and implementation of rules for the relationship of political institutions (inter-party agreements, party coalitions, unions and blocs) Political socialization of the individual Political recruitment - replenishment of the party with new members and the formation of the political elite Communicative - ensuring communication of the masses with government structures, institutionalization of the political citizen participation

Registration requirements A political party must have at least fifty thousand members. The party must have regional branches of at least five hundred members, which must be located in more than half of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In other regional branches, the number of each of them cannot be less than two hundred and fifty members. Not the creation of political parties based on professional, racial, national or religious affiliation is allowed

Typology of political parties 3. By type of organizational structure PERSONNEL PARTIES are few in number few in number free membership free membership rely on professional politicians and the financial elite rely on professional politicians and the financial elite operate only during the election period operate only during the election period exist at the expense of wealthy sponsors exist for account of wealthy sponsors MASS PARTIES numerous numerous fixed membership fixed membership strict discipline strict discipline primary primary party organizations party organizations active in the masses active in the masses collective financing through membership fees collective financing through membership fees

Typology of political parties 5. By place on the party spectrum scale LEFT CENTER PARTIES RIGHT PARTIES Socialist and communist parties: - for reforms - for ousting the private sector - social protection of workers - radical revolutionary methods Liberal parties: - compromise - cooperation Conservative parties: - for strong state - protection of private property - for stability - negative attitude towards revolution

Typology of political parties 6. By methods of action ReformistRevolutionary Party coalition - association P.P. to achieve political goals. A party faction is a part of the P.P. that puts forward its own program that is different from the general party program. The parliamentary faction is a group of parliament members, members of one P.P., which pursues the policy of the P.P.

Socio-political movements Unlike political parties: They do not aim to fight for power They have an unstable composition They are not structured They put forward common goals and do not have a clear program They do not have a clear ideology, they can unite representatives of different ideologies Anti-war movements, women's, youth movements, anti-globalists, movement non-alignment, human rights movements, etc.

Party system Stable connections and relationships of political parties of various types with each other, as well as with the state and other political institutions The totality of all political parties operating in a given country, their relationships with each other

Classification of party systems 2. By the number of parties One-party - one leading party; - merger of party and state - typical for - totalitarian and authoritarian regimes (USSR, Germany and Italy in 1960s, Cuba, Libya, Syria, China, Vietnam) Two-party - two strong parties - “exchange” of power between these parties - other parties do not have power - majoritarian system (USA, Germany, UK, Japan, India, etc.) Multiparty - many parties, none of which has advantages over others - competition between parties - proportional electoral system - there are party blocs and associations (RF , France, etc.)

Multi-party system is one of the basic constitutional principles of organizing political life in modern democratic states, which is an expression of the more general principle of political and ideological pluralism (diversity) Positive traits multi-party system Negative features of a multi-party system Quasi-multi-party system - real power is concentrated in the hands of one party with formal permission for the activities of other parties (China, Russian Federation)

Parties in the State Duma of the 5th convocation (c) “UNITED RUSSIA” Communist Party of the Russian Federation LDPR “A Just Russia: Motherland/Pensioners/Life” 315 deputies 57 deputies 40 deputies 38 deputies V State Duma 4 factions registered: 450 deputies

United Russia is the ruling party that fully supports the policies of the president and the government. Created in 2001 by uniting three parties: Unity, Fatherland and All Russia. At the moment it is the largest party in the country, with more than a million members. This is explained not only by the political course of the party, but also by the support that authorities at all levels provide to its members. The chairman of the party is V.V. Putin. Co-chairs – B.V. Gryzlov, Luzhkov Yu. M., Shoigu S.K., Shaimiev M.Sh. the ruling party that fully supports the policies of the president and the government. Created in 2001 by uniting three parties: Unity, Fatherland and All Russia. At the moment it is the largest party in the country, with more than a million members. This is explained not only by the political course of the party, but also by the support that authorities at all levels provide to its members. The chairman of the party is V.V. Putin. Co-chairs – B.V. Gryzlov, Luzhkov Yu. M., Shoigu S.K., Shaimiev M.Sh. The symbol of the party is the polar bear. Colors are white and blue.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a pronounced opposition party, expressing disagreement with the main directions of the policy of the current government. The party's course basically coincides with the course of the CPSU, but takes into account the current situation in the country. Created in 1993 on the basis of the CPSU. Currently there are about 550 thousand members. The head of the party is Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov. a clear opposition party expressing disagreement with the main directions of the current government’s policies. The party's course basically coincides with the course of the CPSU, but takes into account the current situation in the country. Created in 1993 on the basis of the CPSU. Currently there are about 550 thousand members. The head of the party is Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov. Party symbols are sickle, hammer and book. Colors are red. At the presidential elections in 1996, Gennady in 1996, Gennady Zyuganov nominated his candidacy and in the first round received 31.96% of the votes. In the second round - over 40%

Liberal Democratic Party of Russia Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky A radical party that advocates a strong state, to which the interests of all its citizens should be subordinated. Despite criticism of the situation in the country, he basically supports the course of the president and the government. Formed in 1989, the LDPR is popular mainly thanks to its leader V.V. Zhirinovsky, therefore, is often called by political scientists a party of one person. He is essentially its symbol. The colors are blue.

A Just Russia A party that advocates social and legal equality of citizens, the responsibility of the state to citizens and a greater degree of participation of the latter in governing the country. Supports the policies of President V.V. Putin. Formed in 2006 by combining three parties: “Motherland”, “Russian Party of Pensioners” and “Russian Party of Life”. Formed in 2006 by combining three parties: “Motherland”, “Russian Party of Pensioners” and “Russian Party of Life”. The symbol of the party is a Russian flag with a wide red stripe, on which there is the inscription: “A Just Russia”, and below the inscription: “Motherland. Pensioners. Life".

Municipal educational institution Lyceum No. 10 named after. DI. MENDELEEV POLITICAL PARTIES. PARTY SYSTEM IN MODERN RUSSIA AUTHOR: TEACHER OF HISTORY AND SOCIAL STUDIES, Municipal Educational Institution LYCEUM No. 10 Im. DI. MENDELEEVA NIKITINA L.N. Klin 2008-2009

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LESSON OBJECTIVES: Acquaintance with the TYPES, SIGNS, FUNCTIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES. WITH THE STAGES OF THE FORMATION OF MULTIPARTY PARTY IN THE RF. FORMATION OF SOCIAL COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS - CITIZENS, VOTERS, ETC. CULTIVATING A SENSE OF RESPECT FOR YOUR STATE.

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TYPES OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS

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 A political party is a public association created by citizens on the basis of common political views with the aim of participating in government. Each party presents its own political program, charter and symbols. As a rule, any citizen of the state can join one or another party at will.

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Characteristics of political parties      Organization, i.e. a relatively long-term association of people. The existence of sustainable local organizations that maintain regular links with national leadership. The goals of the party are the conquest and exercise of power. The desire to secure the support of the people through elections or other means. The party is the bearer of a certain

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Functions of political parties Representation of the interests of social groups and sectors of society.  The struggle for possession of state power, for political leadership.  Ideological activity aimed at the production of ideas and political socialization of the individual.  Policy development and implementation.  Organizational activities for the selection and placement of personnel in the party and in state and public organizations).  Ensuring connections between the masses and government agencies, institutionalizing the political participation of citizens.  Integration (smoothing out conflicts, coordinating the interests of the contending forces, 

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CLASSIFICATION OF POLITICAL PARTIES

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MAIN STAGES IN THE FORMATION OF MULTIPARTY PARTY IN RUSSIA Chronology Main parties Contents of the stage Boundary of the 19th-20th centuries. RSDLP, Socialist Revolutionary Party (Socialist Revolutionaries) Act underground, illegally. Goal: end autocracy. 19051907 Party of Constitutional Democrats (Cadets), "Union of October 17", Socialist Revolutionaries, RSDLP, "Union of the Russian People" Formation of a multi-party system on a legal basis. Participation of parties in the election campaign to the State Duma. 19171920 Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) RCP(b), left Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks Preservation of a multi-party system 1920- RCP(b)-Russian Communist Monopoly on power from the party

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19771988 CPSU One-party system in the USSR. 6 tbsp. Constitution of the USSR 1977 on the leadership and guiding role of the CPSU 1988-1991. CPSU, Movement of Democratic Reforms, Democratic Party of Russia, “Democratic Russia”, LDPR and others. Origins of the main political parties. Cancellation of Art. 6 Constitution of the USSR - the end of the monopoly of the CPSU (1990) Law “On Public Associations”. Reform of the CPSU 1991-1993 “Civil Union”, “Democratic Choice”, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, LDPR, Agrarian Party, “Choice of Russia” Collapse of the CPSU. Adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which enshrined multi-party system as a constitutional principle (Article 13). Turn of the XXXXI centuries. “United Russia”, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, “A Just Russia”, “Yabloko” Adoption of the “Law on Political Parties” (2001) Disengagement of political forces, struggle over the essence, directions and pace of reforms in Russia.

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 Vladimir Vladimirovich Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov Sergei Kozhugetovich Putin was born on October 7, 1936 1952 was born on September 21 Shoigu - in Leningrad. Parents of the Year in Moscow. After the future Russian president, the Russian minister graduated from school and was born in the Tver region. Federation on affairs entered the Moscow Vladimir's Grandfather Institute of Petrochemicals Vladimirovich worked as a civilian and gas cook, first for Vladimir of Defense, Lenin and then for Joseph of Industry, who was Stalin's emergency. The president's father successfully graduated in 1958 (Vladimir Spiridonovich situations year. Since 1992 and Yuri Putin) was a party Mikhailovich remains a liquidation worker, participated in the permanent mayor of the Great Patriotic War, the consequences of Moscow. During all the elections and then worked at the factory. According to spontaneous events, he accumulates disasters, not less unofficial versions, Vladimir Spiridonovich Army General. ninety percent United Russia is the ruling party that fully supports the policies of the president and the government. Created in 2001 by combining three parties: Unity, Fatherland and All Russia. At the moment it is the largest party in the country, with more than a million members. This is explained not only by the political course of the party, but also by the support that authorities at all levels provide to its members. The chairman of the party is Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. Co-chairs: Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov, Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov, Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu, Mintimer Sharipovich Shaimiev. The symbol of the party is the polar bear. Colors are white and blue.

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 Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov - chairman of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF), leader of Thrace in the State Duma, well-known Russian political figure. Born on June 26, 1944 in the village of Mymrino. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a pronounced opposition party expressing disagreement with the main directions of the policies of the current government. The party's course basically coincides with the course of the CPSU, but takes into account the current situation in the country. Created in 1993 on the basis of the CPSU. Currently there are about 550 thousand members. The head of the party is Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov. Party symbols are sickle, hammer and book. Colors are red. In the presidential elections in 1996, Gennady Zyuganov nominated himself and received 31.96 percent of the votes in the first round. In the second round he managed to score over forty percent.

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LDPR (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) –  Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky is a Russian politician, leader of the LDPR political party. Born on April 25, 1946 in Alma-Ata. a radical party advocating a strong state, to which the interests of all its citizens should be subordinated. Despite criticism of the situation in the country, he basically supports the course of the president and the government. Formed in 1989. The LDPR is popular mainly thanks to its leader Vladimir Volfovich Zhirinovsky, which is why political scientists often call it a party of one man. He is essentially its symbol. The colors are blue. Zhirinovsky's political career begins in 1991, when the future oppositionist created and registered the Liberal Democratic Party of the USSR. As the leader of the party, Vladimir Zhirinovsky was opposed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, for which he received the support of the people in the elections. The electorate fell in love with a politician who is not afraid to say out loud what he thinks, to point out to his face the mistakes of his colleagues and the president himself. Zhirinovsky failed to become president, although he took third place in the elections,

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A Just Russia The symbol of the party is a Russian flag with a wide red stripe, on which there is the inscription: “A Just Russia”, and below the inscription: “Motherland. Pensioners. Life". a party that advocates social and legal equality of citizens, the responsibility of the state to citizens and a greater degree of participation of the latter in governing the country. Supports the policies of President V.V. Putin. Formed in 2006 by combining three parties: “Motherland”, “Russian Party of Pensioners” and “Russian Party of Life”.

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FAMOUS RUSSIAN POLITICIANS Grigory Alekseevich Yavlinsky - Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the State Duma faction "Yabloko", Chairman of the all-Russian public political organization "Union Yabloko"

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Valeria Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya is a Russian public political figure, participant in the dissident movement in the USSR in the late seventies and early eighties. One of the most scandalous female politicians of our time. Founder and Chairman of the right-wing liberal party "Democratic Union"

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In 1995, Khakamada was elected chairman of the Central Council of the All-Russian political public organization “Common Cause”. She remained in this post until 2000, when she moved to the position of deputy chairman of the Union of Right Forces party. In the summer of 2000, Irina Mutsuovna became the head of the St. Petersburg branch of the Union of Right Forces party. Khakamada - In 1995, the American magazine Former co-chairman of Time named Irina Khakamada of the Union of Right Forces, a former politician of the twenty-first century, leader of the Our Choice party, in addition, she was included in the hundred famous Russian most famous women in the world, politician, deputy according to sociological survey conducted by the State Duma. For two consecutive years of the Federal Assembly (1997 and 1998), Irina Khakamada bore the title of the Russian Federation “Woman of the Year”. .

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Boris Efimovich Nemtsov Member of the Federal Political Council, famous Russian politician. Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences. Awarded the medal "For Services to the Fatherland" In 1999, the electoral bloc "Union of Right Forces" nominated Nemtsov as a State Duma deputy. His candidacy was approved in December. A year later, Boris Efimovich becomes deputy chairman of the State Duma. Since 2000, Nemtsov has been chairman of the Federal Political

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“THOUGH YOU DIED, BUT IN THE SONG OF THE STRONG AND BRAVE IN SPIRIT YOU WILL ALWAYS BE A LIVING EXAMPLE, A PROUD CALL TO FREEDOM, LIGHT!” M. GORKY

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Starovoytova's political career dates back to 1989, when she was elected people's deputy of the USSR. In 1990, Galina Vasilievna became a member of the Committee of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation on Human Rights. A year later, she was appointed advisor to the President of Russia on interethnic relations. In the winter of 1992 she was dismissed. In 1995, Galina Starovoitova nominated her candidacy for deputy of the State Duma. Starovoitova - Together with L. Ponomarev and G. Yakunin, the Russian politician and heads the association, statesman, ethnosociologist, specialist in the field of interethnic relations. On November 20, 1998, she was killed in the entrance of her house in St. Petersburg. "Democratic Russia - Free Trade Unions". In 1996, Galina Vasilievna received membership in the State Duma Committee on Affairs of Public Associations and Religious Organizations. In 1998, she chaired the federal party “Democratic Russia”.

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Journalist of the newspaper “Moskovsky Vladislav Nikolaevich Listyev - journalist, first Komsomol member” Dmitry Yuryevich Kholodov was born on June 21, 1967 in the general director of Ivanovich Public Alexander in the Russian city of SergievLebed Posad. D. - Yu. Kholodov was born on April 20, 1950 and grew up in a working-class family in the city of Novocherkassk. Television, in the Moscow region Lieutenant General, governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, deputy of the State Artistic Klimovsk, studied at school No. 5, which is in the Duma, political figure. He has awards: the Order of the “Combat Red Leader” and the presenter today bears his name. He worked for the Banner”, “Red Star” - for Afghanistan, “For Service to the Motherland” of the 2nd and 3rd degree popular programs as a war correspondent in a newspaper, the cross “For the Defense of Transnistria”, numerous medals. “Vzglyad”, “Field of Miracles”, “Moskovsky Komsomolets”, was engaged in the spring, Alexander Ivanovich participates in the elections for the post of “Tema”, “Rush Hour 1998” and many investigative journalists, governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and wins. At the end of April 2002 others. On March 1, 1995, General Swan, the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, died as a result of violations in the Armed Forces, killed at the entrance of a plane crash. The plane in which the RF governor was flying crashed. own home.