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1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MACHINE TRANSLATION (BASED ON THE GERMAN LANGUAGE) Kuleshova M.S. VSU named after P.M. Masherova V modern society knowledge of a foreign language is necessary not only if we go on a trip abroad, but also Everyday life. For example, it is difficult to imagine a humanist, in particular a philologist, without dictionaries. In this case, an online dictionary is a very advantageous option, because This is a tool that, without requiring money or space, provides instant access to any word. Popular ones are ABBY Lingvo, Multitran, Duden. But in modern conditions, with an ever-increasing tendency to maximize communication, multilingualism is becoming a serious brake on progress, which necessitates the creation of machine (automatic) translation systems and the possession of such information resources as electronic (online) translators. The relevance of the work is determined rapid development cybernetics, which made machine translation possible. The goal is to identify and analyze features, namely advantages and disadvantages machine translation. Automatic translation is an action performed on a computer to convert text in one natural language into text equivalent in content in another language, as well as the result of such an action. Machine translation systems have long ceased to be a curiosity. Automatic translation programs provide significant assistance in processing information
2 in various foreign languages in various fields of knowledge for specialists who do not speak a foreign language. The most common machine translation program is the PROMT system, a set of professional tools that provides translation from major European languages(English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, etc.) to Russian and back. The system provides coherent translation of texts taking into account morphological, syntactic and semantic connections. The program can translate original text by words, groups of words, sentences, and can also translate the entire text. Many users turn to machine translation systems every day, without paying attention to their pros and cons. So, the advantages of machine translation programs include: 1. Fast access and high speed. A translator program is always at hand, and contacting a translation agency often involves additional time and effort. Just a few seconds and we get a ready-made translation of the entire text. This allows you to quickly understand the general meaning, and if the program is configured to translate texts on exactly this topic, only minimal editing will be required. 2. Cost-effective. If we turn to professional translators, we must pay for the service according to the number of translated pages. The online machine translation system does not require payment, you only need access to the Internet. 3. Protection and security of information. A user can “entrust” anything, even personal information, to a machine translation system.
3 information (business correspondence, financial reports). The translator program guarantees confidentiality. 4. Flexibility and versatility. The concept of flexibility implies the ability to customize either for a specific subject area (specialized dictionaries) or for a specific book or text (user-created dictionaries). Any translator always specializes in one subject area, i.e. if the translator fiction When taking on the task of translating scientific or technical texts, mistakes cannot be avoided. In turn, the machine translation system is universal. The user only needs to correctly connect a dictionary specialized on the relevant topic. Disadvantages: electronic translators adequately translate simple parts of speech, but do not always cope with the translation of cases, fixed phrases, phraseological units, and sentence construction. The electronic translator leaves some words untranslated. In such cases, it is necessary to select synonyms and rearrange the structure of the sentence, i.e., the translation often needs to be adjusted and edited. And this is a very painstaking work and it takes quite a lot of effort and time. For example: PROMT translates the phrase “Theater machen” as “theaters make”, but in fact it is stable expression translated as “breaking a comedy.”
4 Examples of other blunders: Expression Translation in the PROMT system Translation by a specialist translator 1. It is raining. Der Regen geht. Es regnet (stable expression). 2. Spirit and. Die Geister (dishi). 3. The problem of gender. Das Problem der Fußböden (eg: the floor in the house). Das Parfum. Das Problem der Geschlechter (between men and women). 4. Color. Die Blume (flower). Die (shade). Farbe 5. Die Nase hoch tragen. The nose is carried high. 6. The child broke his arm. Das Kind hat sich den Kugelschreiber (ballpoint pen) Turn up your nose (stable expression). Das Kind hat sich das Händchen (diminished caress by hand)
5 zerbrochen. 7. His bow shoots accurately. Seine Zwiebel (vegetable) schießt scharf. 8. Grandfather smokes a pipe. Der Großvater raucht den Hörer (telephone handset). zerbrochen. Seiner Bogen (weapon) schießt scharf. Der Großvater raucht die Pfeife (smoking room). In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that a machine translation system (be it an online translator or a dictionary) is a tool that helps solve translation problems only if it is used correctly! REFERENCES 1. Zubov, A.V. Information technologies in linguistics: textbook. aid for students linguistic higher facts textbook establishments / A.V. Zubov, I.I. Zubova. M: Publishing center "Academy", p. 2. Labovkin, V.N., Oganjanyan, O.P. Information technologies for philologists: Workshop / V.N. Labovkin, O.P. Ohanjanyan. Vitebsk: Publishing house of the educational institution “VSU named after. P.M. Masherov", p. 3. Khrolenko, A.T. Modern information Technology for the humanities: practical guide/ A.T. Khrolenko, A.V. Denisov. M.: Flinta: Science, p.
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Klyam Yulia Evgenievna student of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Magnitogorsk State Technical University them. G.I. Nosov" Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN PROFESSIONAL
With the development of IT technologies, many programs and Internet services have appeared that allow machine translation of any text. Advantages of automatic translation (not to be confused with
automated!) are undeniable. But here’s a paradox: some of the advantages of machine translation also come with disadvantages...
High speed
Translation speed is one of the main advantages of online translators and translation programs. Since the translation is carried out by a computer, it can process in a matter of seconds a large amount of information that would take a specialist several hours to translate. But anyone who has ever tried to translate a foreign text into Russian using an online translator knows that the result usually bears little resemblance to coherent human speech. The same is true when translating into any other language: machine translation always requires editing.Low cost
When contacting a translation agency, the client will have to pay either for the translation page or for a certain volume. 1000 characters of text can cost the customer from 5 to 20 dollars (depending on the complexity of the text, its specialization, professional level translator and client’s region of residence). Automatic translation requires much less financial investment or does not require any at all. If the translation is carried out using paid software, then you will need to buy software. If you urgently need to translate a simple text, you can use free online translators.Availability
The necessary software is always at hand. Simply turn on the computer and enter the desired text. , in turn, require not only cash investments, but also more free time, which you have to spend searching for worthy specialists (that’s why it’s very convenient to find a reliable translation agency that you can trust for many years).Confidentiality
When working with translation software, there is practically no human factor. After all, when you contact a translation agency, you completely entrust your text to a stranger. It may contain personal information (private correspondence, financial statements, etc.). There are cases when it is necessary to translate a specific text (of an erotic nature or replete with obscene words). The program is completely unprincipled in this regard. The online translator will endure everything. (However, given the fairly high competition in the translation market and the struggle for the client, even a professional translator is ready to “endure everything”). However, the paradox is that it is in such “scrupulous” texts that the cost of an error can be very high: due to incorrect translation in personal correspondence, relationships between people can deteriorate, and errors in translation business documents are fraught with business problems.Versatility
Considering the existing diversity of translation fields (medical, technical, legal, economic, construction, etc.), a professional translator simply physically cannot be universal. Therefore, the medical report and the charter of the enterprise will be translated by different translators. The translation program is another matter. Dictionaries from the most popular ones are uploaded to its database. different areas. Theoretically, an automatic program can translate multimedia, medical certificates, and literary texts. Theoretically... But in practice, “to be able to do everything” very often means “to be able to really do nothing.” So think for yourself, decide for yourself...PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
E. A. Beloborodova
FFiMK, Birsk branch of Bashkir State University, Birsk, Russian Federation A.R. Boduleva Candidate of Philological Sciences, Faculty of Philology and MK, Birsk branch of Bashkir State University, Birsk, Russian Federation
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MACHINE TRANSLATION
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This article is about machine translation. Here we analyze the text obtained by various machine translation systems. The main advantages and disadvantages of these systems are also identified and assumptions are made about possible ways of their development.
Keywords Translation, machine translation, machine translation systems, advantages and disadvantages of machine translation.
This article is dedicated to machine translation. The text analysis is carried out with the help of different machine translation systems. The main advantages and disadvantages of these systems are also identified. Assumptions are made about the possible ways of their development.
Translation, machine translation, machine translation systems, advantages and disadvantages of machine translation.
Among the huge number of problems studied in linguistics, an important role is played by the study of linguistic aspects of interlingual speech activity, which is called translation.
From the very beginning of its appearance, translation is considered one of the most complex species human activity. And, although linguists most often talk about translation “from one language to another,” in fact, everything does not happen quite like that. After all, different eras, as well as diverse cultures and traditions, collide in it.
Translation activities carried out by translators take place in different conditions: the texts being translated differ in subject matter, language and method of translation. And this leads to the creation different types translations, each of which has its own characteristics. Nowadays, machine translation has attracted the attention of scientists.
It is known that machine translation involves the process of translating both oral and written texts from one natural language to another using special computer programs.
The idea of using a computer for translation arose back in 1946. The first public demonstration of machine translation took place in 1954. Despite the fact that that system was quite primitive, the experiment attracted the interest of many countries.
According to the current classification of machine translation systems, there are:
Fully automated translation;
Machine translation, which is carried out with human participation;
Translation that is performed by a person using a computer.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL "INNOVATIVE SCIENCE" No. 9/2016 ISSN 2410-6070_
To better understand the operating principle of machine translation systems, how grammatical and lexical features of a language are analyzed, and various structures in the target language, we decided to translate an excerpt from Roald Dahl’s work “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” using the Google and PROMT machine translation systems .
Thus, the translation made by PROMT was word by word. The program was unable to change the order of words in sentences, and this resulted in some sentences becoming less pleasant to read. For example, the phrase “how a certain special thing was made,” which was translated “how exactly a certain special thing was made,” we would translate “how a certain sweet was made,” that is, we would replace the passive voice with the active voice and change “special thing "for sweetness, since the book is about a chocolate factory.
Our attention was also drawn to the translation of the phrase “You see” - “You see”. We agree that the main meaning of the verb “see” is to see, but in our case the appropriate translation is “You understand, you see.” This also includes the case of “had to ask”, which was translated as “had to ask”, but here one should use “had to ask”, “was forced to ask”.
In addition, when translating the attributive phrase “chocolate makers” it was necessary to translate not an adjective and a noun (chocolate makers), but a noun and a noun (chocolate manufacturers, factories producing chocolate).
After analyzing the passage translated by Google, you can understand that the part “there used to be thousands of people working in Mr Willy Wonka's factory” was not translated correctly. This happened because of the word there, which did not need to be translated, since it was already the place was designated - the factory of Mr. Willie Fonka. As a result, we should have had “thousands of workers working in the factory.”
It is worth noting that, unlike the PROMT translation, the phrases “You see”, “had to ask” and “chocolate makers” were correctly translated into Google.
The difficulty was represented by verbs with infinitives translated literally began to grow jealous “began to grow jealous”, took jobs “took a job”, instead of “started to envy” and “got (a job)”.
So, in the course of our work, we realized that the translation carried out using these systems is quite understandable. But, each of them has advantages and disadvantages that are characteristic of all such translation systems.
So, the advantages of using machine translation are:
1) speed: for short term you can get a translation of a large text;
2) access to the service: the translator program is always at hand;
3) confidentiality: the information entered will not be shared.
The disadvantages of this type of translation include the following:
1) it does not take into account the rules of grammar and language techniques;
2) the number of errors has increased and translation options are incorrect;
3) the chosen meaning of the word may not be appropriate in the context;
4) if a word is missing from the dictionary database, it is not translated.
It can be concluded that machine translation is difficult task, which has yet to be resolved. If the human translator carrying out the translation proceeds from what idea needs to be conveyed to the reader, then teaching the program this is very problematic. However, progress does not stand still; new programs are being created that simplify the translation process, and you need to know their disadvantages and advantages.
List of used literature:
1. Deeva L. R. Features of machine translation // Science in young people’s research: materials of the VI Scientific Forum of students, undergraduates, graduate students (Novosibirsk, November 2014). - Novosibirsk: TsSRNI LLC, 2014. - pp. 19-27.
2. Komissarov V.N. Modern translation studies. Tutorial. - M.: ETS, 2002. - 413 p. - ISBN 593386-030-1.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL "INNOVATIVE SCIENCE" No. 9/2016 ISSN 2410-6070_
3. Nozhov I.M. Parsing. // Computerra. - 2002. - No. 21. - P. 19-21.
4. Sdobnikov V.V., Petrova O.V. Translation theory. - M.: AST East-West, 2006. - 425 p. - ISBN 5-47800306-9.
© Beloborodova E. A., Boduleva A. R., 2016
UDC 801.316.4:62
Yu.S.Danilina
Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Siberian State Automobile and Highway Academy, Omsk, Russian Federation
BASIC CONCEPT OF GERMAN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING TERMINOLOGY
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The article is devoted to the study of the frame concept of the German terminology of agricultural engineering. The article highlights the structural organization of the corpus of terms in the studied terminology.
Keywords
Frame, subframe, slot, German terminology of agricultural engineering.
Currently, researchers of various terminology systems are showing growing interest in the cognitive approach to considering the professional picture of the world. According to the cognitive approach, fundamental in the definition of language is the cognitive process carried out in communicative activity and ensured by special cognitive structures and mechanisms in the human brain.
Productive cognitive activity gives an interpretation to a large number of linguistic problems in the light of the principle of universality of processes of conceptual integration. The main structure of cognitive science is the frame. A frame represents a structured lexical units and, on the other hand, they themselves are a means of such organization of knowledge, a tool that allows one to extract from memory the necessary extralinguistic information important for understanding the linguistic message.
A frame is considered a universal mental formation that combines diverse human knowledge and is characterized by maximum formalization and encyclopedicity. Frames include fundamental, typical and potential information that is structured by these knowledge representation units.
The terminology frame structures its system and fixes it in subframes and slots, each of which is an increasingly detailed representation of the basic concept of the corresponding fragment of the general logical-conceptual system.
As a result of the analysis of the corpus of German terms of agricultural engineering (3541 terms in total), a mental space was identified, the structure of which can be represented in the form of a frame “Agricultural engineering”. Mental space is understood as an idea formed in the human mind about a fragment of real reality. The content invariant of the frame is a three-dimensional and multidimensional fragment of objective reality, which includes stereotypical knowledge from the following areas
In order to understand what the main problem of such a translation is, you need to understand how it happens.
Technological progress has affected all spheres of human life and activity. World languages and, accordingly, translations are no exception. After machine (automatic) translation was invented, many were delighted, they say, there is no longer any need to contact a translator, waste money and time. But it turned out that this joy was premature.
In order to understand what the main problem of such a translation is, you need to understand how it happens. The process roughly looks like this: the source text is entered into the computer, then, using specified algorithms, this text is automatically translated into the language we need.
It would seem that now everyone can translate texts of any complexity and subject matter into almost all world languages, but... Machine translation is based on dictionaries aimed at translating one word. As a result, we get a literal translation, without taking into account:
- the correct order of words in a sentence (and it is different in each language);
- polysemy of the word. The electronic translator selects the most common option;
- a pun that authors especially love works of art and journalists.
In general, machine translation is no different from low-quality dictionary translation. So, if you want to get a high-quality result, you cannot avoid going to a professional translator.
How does the work of a live translator differ from a program:
- he never translates word for word, knowing full well that translation depends on the context.
- masters the phraseological wealth of the languages with which he works and can easily select the desired analogue in another language. For example, it will translate English expression“to tread on air” is like “to be on cloud nine” (and will do it right), while the machine translation will give: “to tread on air.”
- will construct the sentence correctly. After all, the translator knows, for example, that in English language there is a clear word order, whereas in Russian it depends on semantic stress.
Machine translation can help in understanding the general meaning of a text. But he is not able to create a competent, beautiful, “living” text that will be understandable and interesting to readers.
If you want to receive just such a text, we advise you not to trust the work to a computer, but to contact our Azbuka translation agency in Moscow. The result of cooperation with our specialists will be an excellent translation, taking into account all the features described above.
