New history, 7th grade
"The War of Independence. Creation of the United States of America"
Tikhonova G.I., history teacher
Lesson plan:
1. The beginning of the war for freedom and justice.
4. Successful diplomacy. End of the war.
5. Results and significance of the War of Independence.
6. The need to adopt a Constitution.
7. US Constitution.
In 1774 the Continental Council met in Philadelphia
Congress that adopted the Declaration
Let's write down the definitions:
Congress is a meeting on issues of international importance
Declaration is an official document containing important provisions
The armed struggle began on April 19, 1775. Thus began the War of Independence. The creation of a regular army was entrusted to a wealthy Virginia planter George Washington
Beginning of the War of Independence
Two camps:
warring
Patriots -
Loyalists -
supporters
independence
supporters of the king
US Declaration of Independence
July 4, 1776 Congress in Philadelphia adopted the Declaration of Separation from England. It proclaimed the creation of the independent state of the United States of America (USA).
US Declaration of Independence
Creator: Thomas Jefferson
The end and results of the war:
Allies
France
Holland
Spain
Russia
The end and results of the war:
In 1781 the main British forces surrendered
near Yorktown
The end and results of the war:
In 1783, an equal peace treaty was signed between the USA and Great Britain, in which England recognized the independence of the United States.
Results of the war:
1) destruction of enterprises in the development of industry and trade;
2) space is open for free competition within the country;
3) freedom to dispose of property
4) but slavery persisted
Reasons for adopting the Constitution:
1) decline of the economy
2) lack of funds to overcome economic chaos
3) the need to create a strong central government
4) ruin of farmers
5) poverty
6) uprisings of the farming poor
US Constitution:
IN May 1787 In Philadelphia, a special meeting of state representatives drafted the US Constitution.
Homework:
Paragraph 24, task 3 in writing
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Independence - independence, lack of subordination, sovereignty.
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Causes of the war:
Strengthening colonial oppression of England. Prohibiting colonists from moving west. The introduction of stamp duty (1765) - a tax on any product) hindered the development of the capitalist system. 2 camps during the war. Patriots Farmers, southern planters, national bourgeoisie, working people. Loyalists. Landed aristocracy who received land from the king, officials
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“No taxes without representation” - D. Otis. This demand was heard everywhere.
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Society "Sons of Liberty" Officials who collected the stamp duty were smeared with tar, covered in feathers and carried tied to long poles while frying pans clattered.
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Main events:
1773 – 1775 – The threshold of the War of Independence. Boston Tea Party - 1773.
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1774 - The first Continental Congress of representatives of the colonies banned Americans from trading with England. Those who violated the ban were hung from poles by their belts. (“Pillars of Freedom”).
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1774-1775 - the emergence of armed partisan detachments. April 19, 1775 - the beginning of armed struggle, George Washington - commander of the army of colonists.
Biography: American statesman, first President of the United States, Founding Father of the United States, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, participant in the Revolutionary War, creator of the American institution of the presidency.
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May 10, 1775 – Second Continental Congress. Took over the role of the national government during the American Revolutionary War.
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Jefferson was the head of the committee that created the Declaration of Independence. In addition to him, there were 4 other people on the committee: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. At one of the committee meetings, these 4 people unanimously asked Jefferson to write the declaration himself.
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Countries that fought on the side of the Americans against England:
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In March 1780, Catherine II signed a declaration of “armed neutrality.” England had to repel not only the onslaught of the American army, but also the attacks of the Allies.
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Number of enemy battleships
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In 1781, British troops surrendered to American and French troops at Yorktown.
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In 1783, a peace treaty was signed. England recognized the formation of the United States.
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The War of Independence, which at one time was an example of a revolutionary war, influenced the struggle of the European bourgeoisie against the feudal-absolutist order
About 7 thousand European volunteers fought in the ranks of the American army, among them the French Marquis Lafayette, A. Saint-Simon, and the Pole T. Kosciuszko. The War of Independence was welcomed by the leading people of many countries, including Russia. A. N. Radishchev sang it in the ode “Liberty”.
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In 1787, the United States adopted a constitution, the most progressive in the world.
The Constitution was supplemented by the Bill of Rights. A bourgeois-democratic republic was established in the USA. The War of Independence destroyed all the obstacles that hampered the development of industry.
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1
American Revolutionary War and Education
The presentation was prepared by Olga Valerievna Uleva, teacher of history and social studies, Secondary School No. 1353
Slide 2
The first English colonists in North America were the Puritans. Having no hope of reforming the Church of England, in 1620 they decided to emigrate to Virginia (Plymouth). Many of them died. But others survived by learning from the Indians how to grow maize. Within 20 years, people from 20 countries lived in New England. In 1700, the population of the North American colonies was 250 thousand people.
The Mayflower is the ship of the first colonists.
Slide 3
SETTLERS FOUNDED 13 COLONIES
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The colonies differed from each other in economic development: the south was dominated by slave plantations owned by English lords. In the north, navigation, fishing, crafts, and trade developed. The first manufactories arose here. Farm agriculture developed in the center.
ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT OF COLONIES
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COLONIAL POLICY OF ENGLAND
The English government did not take into account the rights of the colonists and made laws for them, but without their consent. The king appointed and approved governors. Women, slaves, Indians were deprived of all rights.
A ban on the import of cars, equipment, their models and drawings into the colonies. A ban on iron processing, shipbuilding, and the export of wool products. Law on confiscation of contraband goods. Prohibition of unauthorized resettlement to free lands in the West (beyond the Allegheny Mountains) Law on the placement of English troops, of which there were more than 10,000, in the apartments of the population.
George III, King of Great Britain
WHAT WERE THE REASONS FOR THESE MEASURES?
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COLONIAL POLICY OF ENGLAND
1765 - introduction of stamp duty on every trade transaction, on every document. 1767 - introduction of new duties on the import of wine, oil, glass, tea, and paper from England.
WHAT CONSEQUENCES COULD THE METROPOLISH POLICY LEAD TO?
Proof of a British one-penny tax stamp intended for the North American colonies (inscribed America; 1765).
Slide 7
The colonists launched a campaign to boycott British goods. It happened that officials collecting stamp duty were smeared with tar, covered in feathers and carried tied to long poles to the deafening sound of frying pans and buckets. In view of this, the new duties were abolished in 1770, but the duty on tea was withheld as confirmation of the right of the mother country.
British propaganda leaflet depicting the massacre of Boston customs chief John Malcolm by American colonists.
“NO TO TAXES WITHOUT REPRESENTATION” (the slogan of the American colonists)
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BOSTON TEA PARTY
In 1773, the East India Company received the right to duty-free import of tea. This led to the ruin of many merchants. The colonists refused to buy tea. In Boston, the governor decided to unload the tea. Colonists disguised as Indians boarded English ships and threw 45 tons of tea overboard. The closure of the Boston port, the prohibition of meetings of citizens and the stationing of British soldiers in the city further aggravated the conflict between the metropolis and the colonies.
Slide 9
In 1774, the First Continental Congress of representatives from 12 colonies (except Georgia), elected by legislative assemblies, opened illegally in Philadelphia. He proclaimed the natural rights of the colonists to “life, liberty and property.” It was decided to create an army under the leadership of George Washington.
George Washington First US President (1789-1797)
Slide 10
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed, which became the first document in which the colonies were referred to as the “United States of America.”
Thomas Jefferson. Author of the American Declaration of Independence and third President of the United States.
Read the document (p. 187), answer the question about the document.
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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE DECLARED THE Creation of an independent state - the United States of America (USA) The principle of popular sovereignty - power must come from the people and the right of the people to overthrow the government that violates their rights Equality of people Inalienable human rights - life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness
THE STATUE OF LIBERTY is a gift from French citizens on the centennial of the American Revolution.
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EDUCATION USA
Signing of the American Declaration of Independence. Painting by John Trumbull
FOUNDING FATHERS OF THE USA
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The Founding Fathers of the United States are a group of American political figures who played key roles in the founding of the American state, in particular in winning independence and creating the principles of a new political system.
George Washington. The first President of the United States and Commander-in-Chief of American forces during the Revolutionary War.
Thomas Jefferson. Author of the American Declaration of Independence and third President of the United States.
Benjamin Franklin. The only founding father who signed all three documents that underlie the formation of the United States: the Declaration of Independence, the US Constitution and the Treaty of Versailles of 1783.
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WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1775-1783)
Marquis de La Fayette. Commander of the second rebel army.
Material and diplomatic support for the United States was provided by: France, Spain, and Holland. Russia, together with the states of Northern Europe, pursued a policy of “armed neutrality.”
Benjamin Franklin. First US Ambassador to France. One of the founding fathers of the USA.
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In 1783, a peace treaty was signed, according to which England recognized the formation of the United States. The American government transferred Florida to Spain, renounced rights to the west bank of the Mississippi in favor of France, and recognized British rights to Canada.
PEACE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
"The Peace of Paris", a group portrait by Benjamin West (1738-1820). The portrait depicts Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, among others. Members of the British delegation refused to pose for West, and the portrait remained unfinished.
Test yourself 3. In what year was the first English settlement in North America founded? A d. B d. C d. D g.
Test yourself 9. Indicate the reasons for the conflict between the metropolis and the colonies: A. Restricted free trade B. Ban on the production of industrial machines in the colonies C. Ban on opening factories D. Introduction of stamp duty E. There was no representation of the colonies in the English Parliament
The Beginning of the Revolutionary War In the winter of 1774, the colonists began to arm themselves. They convened the Continental Congress, which became the government. In June 1775, a decision was made to form an army, headed by George Washington. This led to the actual unification of the colonies to fight the king. Washington is a hero. Engraving from the 19th century.
The beginning of the War of Independence The country was divided into two camps: patriots and loyalists, supporters of independence, defenders of independence, the “legitimate” power of the colonies of the English king and the English parliament. Representatives of which social groups were included in these two camps?
Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence proclaimed the creation of an independent state - the United States of America (USA) The principle of popular sovereignty - power must come from the people and the right of the people to overthrow the government that violates their rights Equality of people Inalienable human rights - life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness
Military operations in In the winter, the Congress army, which still had little resemblance to a regular army, experienced great difficulties in supplies and weapons. Under the influence of successive defeats, the army lost its morale. It decreased from 34 thousand to 4 thousand people. The colonists were poorly armed and poorly dressed, and there was not enough ammunition. Many did not want to serve in the army.
Military operations in - confiscation of land and its sale in small plots - allowed to settle beyond the Allegheny Mountains - abolition of land rental payments -T. Jefferson proposed that all poor people be given land from the Western Land Fund.
Military operations in In 1775, defeat at Lexington, then at Bankershill; In January 1777, D. Washington defeated the British at Princeton; On October 19, 1777, the British army was surrounded at Saratoga; In the fall of 1781, American-French troops near Yorktown (Virginia) defeated the British. In 1783, a peace treaty was signed, according to which the former English colonies in New England were recognized as independent.
Military operations in End of the war. Europe declared recognition of the United States. This was done by France, Spain and the Netherlands. They became allies of the Americans. England turned to Russia for help, but it took a position of “armed neutrality” and announced US support.
Military operations in End of the war. Marquis Gilbert de Lafayette () a supporter of the rebels, equipped and armed the division entrusted to him with his own money. His exploits became known in France. Voltaire called Lafayette "the hero of the New World." General Lafayette Unknown artist 18th century.
Results and significance of the War of Independence Nature of the war National liberation - an end to dependence on England Revolution - radical changes (established a republican system, freedom of enterprise, private property) But slavery remained in the southern states, the expulsion of Indians from the lands continued, the life of the poor remained difficult
Constitution of 1787 Legislative branch - US Congress Upper house - Lower house - Senate House of Representatives 2 representatives the number of representatives from each state depended on the number of residents of the state - Appointed to the highest posts - discussed bills - In charge of foreign policy - approved the budget - Could judge the highest states -x - approved taxes for employees (even the president) - impeachment
“Bill of Rights” – 10 Amendments to the Constitution Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, the right to petition The right to keep and bear arms Prohibition of placing soldiers in private homes without the owner’s consent Prohibition of arbitrary searches and seizures Guarantees of due process in criminal cases, prohibition of repeated prosecution for the same offense, right not to incriminate oneself, guarantees during requisitions Rights of the accused, including the right to a jury trial Right to a jury trial in civil cases Prohibition of excessive bail and fines, cruel and unusual punishment List of rights in the Constitution shall not be construed as derogating from other rights. Powers which the Constitution does not expressly assign to the United States are reserved to the states and citizens.