SPPs can have not one, but several subordinate clauses.

Based on what the subordinate clauses refer to and how they relate to each other, three types of SPPs with several subordinate clauses are distinguished.

1. SPP with consistent submission subordinate clauses. With such subordination, the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, the third - to the second subordinate clause, etc. The specificity of the subordinate clauses is that each of them is a subordinate clause in relation to the previous one and the main clause in relation to subsequent.

For example: Often in the fall I closely watched the falling leaves in order to catch that imperceptible split second when the leaf separates from the branch and begins to fall to the ground (Paustovsky).

2. SPP with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clause.

For example: At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her native place, where she was born and where the months of her childhood were so memorable (Chernov).

3. SPP with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With this subordination, subordinate clauses include:

a) to different words the main sentence or one part to the entire main sentence, and the other to one of its words;

b) to one word or to the entire main clause, but answer different questions and are different types of subordinate clauses.

For example: From the world called the nursery, a door leads into a space where they dine and drink tea (Chekhov).

There are also NGNs with combined type subordination of subordinate clauses. For example: When the chaise drove out of the yard, he (Chichikov) looked back and saw that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, as it seemed, was looking closely, wanting to know where the guest would go (Gogol).

This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

§4. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence

Simple sentences (predicative parts) within a complex sentence are separated by commas. For example: The coachmen tied up the bells so that the ringing would not attract the attention of the watchmen (Pushkin); My father eagerly and in detail told me how many birds and fish there are, how many lakes there are, what wonderful forests grow (Aksakov).

If the subordinate clause is inside the main clause, then it is separated by commas on both sides. For example: Clouds descended over the valley where we were driving (Prishvin); I think that if you are not lazy, you will write well; They laid the guest on a sofa in the hall and, so that it would not be dark for him, they lit a lamp (Chekhov).

A comma is not used in the following cases:

If homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by single connecting or disjunctive conjunctions and, yes (=and), or, or. For example: It is obvious that Savelich was right in front of me and that I needlessly insulted him with reproach and suspicion (Pushkin);

If there is a negative particle not before the subordinating conjunction (conjunctive word): I want to know not how it is done, but why it is done;

If the subordinating conjunction or allied word is preceded by a repeating coordinating conjunction and, or, or, etc.: The student could not remember the name of the work or who its author was;

If the subordinate clause consists of one word: They reproach me, but I don’t know what;

With two adjacent subordinating conjunctions, what if, what although, if then there is the second part of the double conjunction this or that: She told him that if he was sick, then he needed to be treated (L. Tolstoy).

Attention! It should be borne in mind that in some cases compound conjunctions (because, because, due to the fact that, in order to, as, etc.) in a complex sentence can be dismembered. In this case, a comma is placed before the second part composite union. The division of a compound conjunction depends on the meaning and intonation of the sentence.

Compare: We began to make notches in the trees in order not to get lost in the forest. - We began to make notches in the trees in order not to get lost in the forest.

The division of the conjunction is mandatory in the presence of words adjacent to the first part of the conjunction and logically highlighting it: when using negation, intensifying, restrictive and other particles, introductory words, adverb. For example: I am not indifferent to her only because she is indifferent to me (Ehrenburg); The windows in the house were open, apparently because it was very stuffy (Chekhov).

Conjunctions are also dissected in cases where the first part of the conjunction as a correlative word is included in a homogeneous series of members of the sentence: Romashov blushed to real tears from his powerlessness and confusion, and from pain for the insulted Shurochka, and because through him deafening sounds The quadrille could not get a single word in (Kuprin).

SPP with several subordinate clauses

A table with examples will help determine what types they are divided into

complex sentences with three or more predicative parts.

Type of subordination of the subordinate part to the main part	Examples
Sequential	[The guys ran into the river], (the water in which had already warmed up enough), (because last days it was incredibly hot).
Parallel	(TOwhen the speaker finished speaking), [silence reigned in the hall], (as the audience was shocked by what they heard).
Homogeneous	[Anton Pavlovich talked about] (that reinforcements will soon arrive) and (that you just need to be patient a little).

Something to remember

A good assistant in mastering SPP with several subordinate clauses are exercises, the implementation of which will help consolidate the acquired knowledge.

In this case, it is better to follow the algorithm:

Highlight all means of communication, not forgetting about compound or adjacent conjunctions. Install semantic connections between parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask question(s) from it to the subordinate clause(s).

Construct a diagram, showing with arrows the dependence of the parts on each other, and place punctuation marks in it. Move commas into the written sentence.

Thus, care when constructing and analyzing (including punctuation) a complex sentence - an IPP with several subordinate clauses specifically - and relying on the above-listed features of this syntactic structure will ensure the correct completion of the proposed tasks.

Exercises on the topic " SPP with several subordinate clauses"

Exercise 1.DETERMINE THE TYPE OF SUBMISSION IN THE IBS:

1. A hero is a person who, at a decisive moment, does what needs to be done in the interests of human society.

2. To develop character, you need to cultivate will in yourself, since a person without will is a toy in the hands of any rogue.

3. In order not to impoverish his life, in order to be happy, a person must be able to understand another.

4. When you see a person whose face is distorted with anger, you just need to smile.

5. In the morning, Repin hurried to the studio and there he literally tortured himself with creativity, because he was an unparalleled worker and was even ashamed of the passion for work that forced him from dawn to dusk to devote all his strength to his canvases.

6. Sometimes, when you entered the room that was located under his studio, you heard the tramp of his old feet, because after each stroke he went away to look at his canvas.

7. It is unknown what Prishvin would have done in his life if he had remained an agronomist.

9. From people who have just put down a book by Prishvin that they had read, I have heard several times that his books are “real witchcraft.”

10. In the silence, one could clearly hear how the man groaned and how heavily the crust crunched under the feet of the bear, which was driven out of the forest by an unusual roar and crackling sound.

Exercise 2. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses as part of the IPP.

1. To imagine Vera’s life, he had to travel back a quarter of a century to the time when he was a student, thin, active.
2. When everyone went out to dinner and she was left alone with Ulyasha, Zhenya remembered everything in detail.
3. They sat at one of the windows, which were so dusty, prim and huge that they seemed like some kind of bottle glass establishments where you couldn’t wear a hat.
4. And the next morning she began asking questions about what Motovilikha was and what they did there at night.
5. Before talking about my journey to the “land of unafraid birds,” I would like to explain why I decided to go from the center of the intellectual life of our homeland to the wilds.
6. When Zhenya later remembered that day on Osinskaya Street, where they lived then, it always seemed sad to her.
7. In the corps they said that his irresistible ferocity was tamed by the quiet, angelic general’s wife, whom none of the cadets saw, because she was constantly ill.
8. Pierre, who was caressed and glorified when he was the best groom Russian Empire After his marriage, he lost a lot in the opinion of society.
9. And dad read a note that last night the seismic station of the observatory noted small tremors in our city, a consequence of a distant earthquake, the epicenter of which is located on the Asia Minor coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, where several villages were destroyed.
10. He is glad that he returned and that he will meet this day with his comrades.
11. Accompanied by a telephone operator with a reel of cable and two messengers, they found themselves at the top when the sun was already approaching the horizon and its first rays were trying to break through the sky covered with clouds and a veil of smoke.
12. Zvyagintsev could not understand where he was, although he knew this area well.
13. He painfully tried to remember what these places looked like before in order to get his bearings.
14. They [the old people] said that when the tunnel was finished, it was necessary to move the wagons to Bek-Tash.
15. Artemyev confirmed that the leading surgeon of the medical battalion is still the same as he was under Serpilin.
16. Having reported to the general everything that was needed, he went to his room, in which, having returned a long time ago and waiting for him, Prince Galtsin was sitting.
17. We calculated that if we followed the path, we would go out to the Naina River and meet the Koreans.
18. And, of course, they did not notice that on one of the pages of this newspaper was printed the very poem that Byron mentally recited.

Answers to exercise No. 2 on the topic “Types of subordination of subordinate clauses in the composition of NGNs.”

1. parallel
2. homogeneous
3. sequential
4. homogeneous
5. parallel
6. sequential
7. sequential
8. sequential
9.sequential
10. homogeneous
11. homogeneous
12. parallel
13. parallel
14. sequential
15. sequential
16. parallel
17. sequential
18. sequential

Test on the topic “Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses”

1. In which complex sentence is there sequential subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?

1) The more a person knows, the more he sees the poetry of the earth where a person with meager knowledge will never find it.

2) Savrasov looked at us from another world, where giant sorcerers live and from where one cannot leave for a long time with impunity.

3) My temples began to press slightly, like my head does when you spin on a carousel for a long time.

4) I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along drags and impenetrable swamps, and wolves drag in packs.

2. In which complex sentence is there a homogeneous subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?

1) He kissed his wife carefully and went into the room where paints, brushes, canvas were waiting for him - everything without which he could not imagine a single day of his life.

2) From the Kremlin wall, on which Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich stands, you can see how the rowers are exhausted, fighting against the current.

3) You could hear the Neva splashing restlessly nearby and a wet flag humming somewhere over the roofs.

4) When this conversation was going on, in the next room there was a village miller, whom Ivan Kolymet called to Kurbsky’s estate to grind grain.

3. In which complex sentence is there a heterogeneous (parallel) subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?

1) Everything that the company had to do in the dark, Ryumin not only knew consistently, but also saw in that sharpened ray of light that was centered in his mind.

2) Although there is an inscription above the gate that the building is under state protection, no one is guarding it.

3) Ignatius Khvostov told his comrades about who Trajan was and what cruel persecution he subjected to the first Christians.

4) It is not known whether the yacht was built before Peter’s first visit by Bazhenin or whether it was presented to the Russian Tsar by Dutch merchants.

4. Explain the placement of a comma and a dash in a complex sentence.

But so that villages fall,

So that the fields are empty -

We are blessed for that

The King of Heaven hardly gave! (A.K. Tolstoy).

1. A comma separates subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates two homogeneous clauses from the main part.

2. A comma separates subordinate subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates homogeneous subordinate clauses standing in front of the main part, since when reading there is a significant pause between them (for the purpose of intonation highlighting of subordinate clauses).

5. What sign is used to separate homogeneous subordinate clauses in the structure of a polynomial complex sentence?

It was that hour before night when outlines, lines, colors, distances are erased, when daylight is still confused, inextricably linked, with night light (M. Sholokhov).

1. Comma.

2. Semicolon, since homogeneous subordinate clauses are common: there are homogeneous members and a separate clause.

6. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?

I don’t know whether grace will touch my painfully sinful soul, whether it will be able to rise and rise. Will the spiritual fainting pass? (F. Tyutchev).

1. Homogeneous subordination.

2. Heterogeneous subordination.

7. Is a comma necessary at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? How many total commas do you need to put in this sentence?

Fyodor expected that when he saw not a reproduction, but a canvas that was touched by the hand of Surikov himself, he would be stunned and take his breath away, and then he would dream about it at night (V. Tendryakov).

1. A comma is needed; only seven commas.

2. A comma is not needed; only six commas.

8. Determine the type of subordination in a polynomial complex sentence.

At this time, it is usually indecent for ladies to go, because the Russian people love to express themselves in such harsh expressions, which they probably will not hear even in the theater (N. Gogol).

1. Heterogeneous subordination.

2. Consistent submission.

9. Determine the types of subordinate clauses in a polynomial complex sentence. What type of subordination is represented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?

And so that the children would not tease the beggars, he [Nosopyr] pretended to be a cow doctor, carrying a canvas bag with a red cross on his side, where he kept a chisel for cutting off hooves and dry bunches of St. John's wort grass (V. Belov).

1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: it is added to the main part subordinate clause goals and subordinate clause.

2. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the main part is joined by the subordinate part of the purpose and the subordinate part of the place.

10. How many parts does this complex sentence with several subordinate clauses consist of and what type of subordination is represented in it?

The next day Sanin, still lying in bed, like Emil, in a festive dress, with a cane in his hand and heavily pomaded, burst into his room and announced that Herr Klüber would now arrive with a carriage, that the weather promised to be amazing, that they everything is ready, but that mom won’t go because she has a headache again (I. Turgenev).

1. The sentence contains eight parts; a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.

2. The sentence contains seven parts; mixed subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.

11. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Explain why there is only one comma in the sentence.

When winter came and the garden and house were covered with snow, a wolf howl was heard at night (A.N. Tolstoy).

1. Sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.

2. Sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

12. Analyze complex sentences. Select simple parts and set their number. Determine the nature of the connection between them.

At times, Maria was ready to believe that some ancient artist miraculously guessed that the girl Maria would one day appear in the world, and in advance created a portrait of her in bas-relief of a mysterious, enchanted palace, which was supposed to remain intact underground for centuries (V. Bryusov) .

1. The sentence consists of four parts, connected using mixed subordination.

2. The sentence consists of five parts, connected using a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

13. Analyze complex polynomial sentences with subordinating connection. Establish a method for connecting subordinate clauses and main parts, name the type of subordinate clauses.

Since Chekhov had no novels, it seemed obvious that he had nothing to do with Dostoevsky, Turgenev, or Goncharov (M. Gromov).

1. The subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part through a semantic causal conjunction because; the explanatory clause is attached to the main part through the functional conjunction that; The polynomial represents a heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

2. Sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses; the subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part by the semantic causal conjunction since; the explanatory clause is attached to the main part by the functional conjunction that.

14. How many commas should be put in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Name the type of subordination of subordinate parts to the main one.

In the middle of the day, the cow was released into the field so that she would walk according to her will and so that she would feel better (A. Platonov).

1. One comma; homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

2. Two commas; heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

15. Name the type of subordinate clauses, establish the method of connecting the subordinate clauses and the main parts.

The fog lasted for a long time, until eleven o’clock, until some force was found that lifted it up (V. Rasputin).

1. Sentence with mixed subordination; the subordinate clause of time is attached to the main part by the semantic temporary conjunction not yet, the subordinate clause is attached to the main part by the conjunctive word which.

2. Sentence with sequential subordination; the subordinate clause of time is attached to the main part by the semantic temporary conjunction not yet, the subordinate clause is attached to the main part by the conjunctive word which.

16. Is a comma necessary at the junction of two conjunctions - coordinating and subordinating? How many commas should there be in this complex sentence?

That night Chubarev also did not go to bed, and when he finally escorted everyone out of the office and looked at his watch, he just shrugged his shoulders (P. Proskurin).

1. A comma is not needed; two commas.

2. A comma is needed; three commas.

3. A comma is needed; five commas.

17. Determine the type of subordination in a polynomial complex sentence. Is a comma necessary before AND?

When the burdocks rustle in the ravine

And the bunch of yellow-red rowan will fade,

I write funny poems

About perishable, perishable and beautiful life (A. Akhmatova).

1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; a comma is needed.

2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; no comma needed.

Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses (answers)

1. 3)
2. 3)
3. 1)
4. 2)
5. 2)
6. 1)
7. 1)
8. 2)
9. 1)
10. 2)
11. 2)
12. 1)
13. 1)
14. 1)
15. 2)
16. 1)
17. 2)

A complex sentence may have not one, but several subordinate clauses (for clarity, we will highlight them with different graphic symbols). In this case, two types of complex sentences are distinguished.
The first type consists of those in which all subordinate parts belong to the main part (to its a single word(phrase) or to the entire main part as a whole). Depending on the meaning of subordinate parts and their relationship to the main one, they can be homogeneous subordinate parts or heterogeneous.
Homogeneous subordinate parts are called subordinate parts of the same name (i.e. parts that have the same meaning) relating to the same word of the main part or to the entire main part as a whole:

You could hear the creaking of runners on the street, the gleam trucks driving towards the factory, and the half-frozen people hoarsely shouting at the horses (D. Mamin-Sibiryak). In this sentence, the three subordinate parts are homogeneous, since they answer the question “what?”, are explanatory and refer to the same phrase (was heard) in the main part:
Homogeneous
subordination

IN holidays the owner was deliberately looking for something to do, just to occupy his time with something, if only he wasn’t. b amr and to his without _ work (M. Sholokhov). In this sentence, two subordinate clauses are homogeneous, since they answer the question “why?” subordinate clauses of purpose and relate to one main part:
Homogeneous
subordination
These parts are connected to each other by a coordinating or non-union connection and are therefore called subordinate clauses:
And for a long time I will be so kind to the people that I express good feelings with a lyre. awakened. what's in my cruel age I glorified freedom (and) mercy..to the fallen..at.zmtl (A. Pushkin). Two homogeneous explanatory clauses are interconnected by a non-union connection, and the third explanatory clause coordinating connection:

how?
(what...), (what...) and ()
I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along drags and impenetrable swamps, (a) roll to i.flocks and.. in lochats.Ya (V. Gilyarovsky). Homogeneous clauses are connected by the adversative conjunction a. The subordinating conjunction where in the second subordinate clause is omitted:

In the summer it was a small river, which was easily forded (and) which usually dried up by August (A. Chekhov). Homogeneous attributive clauses are connected by the conjunction and:

(which...) and (which...)
It seemed to her that this sound penetrated her like a sharp thorn.
in dishi that the fire will never end that. /g about lost as
Sasha... (A. Chekhov). Three subordinate clauses are connected by a non-union connection:

What?
(what...), (what...), (what...)
Heterogeneous subordinate parts are subordinate parts of different names, that is, different in meaning, as well as identical in meaning, but relating to different members of the main part. Such subordinate clauses are also called parallel:
The point is not what they called it, but that it is an amazing street! (S. Baruzdin). Both subordinate clauses are explanatory, but refer to different words of the main clause:

Heterogeneous (parallel) subordination

It seemed to you that with every step he was pulling out NOSH OTPTTS- ^: SHO..MMboshmz: Pod.ze4MC (K. Simonov). One main part includes two different subordinate parts: a subordinate concession and an explanatory clause, which explain it with different sides:

no matter what? ^ what?
(although...) (what...)
I will spare you from describing the mountains, from exclamations that express nothing, from pictures that... _.nich.eg_o..not..ishFight (M. Lermontov). Both subordinate clauses are attributive, but refer to different words of the main clause:

which ones? u		m which ones?

(which...) (which...)
When he drove up to the rear of the cart. Yegorushka strained his vision to get a better look at him (A. Chekhov). The main part of the sentence is explained by subordinate clauses and purposes from different angles:
/\
When? ^ \^ why?
(when...) (to...)
The second type of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses includes sentences in which the subordinate clauses form a sequential chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause, the second to the first clause, the third to the second, etc. Such subordination is considered sequential (or inclusion), and subordinate clauses - respectively, subordinate clauses of the first degree, subordinate clauses of the second degree, etc.:
What amazed the silent visitors to the branch was that x:p, -. p_ists_scattered_in__r_different_places^
it was as if the whole choir was standing. keeping your eyes on the invisible conductor (M. Bulgakov). The main part includes an explanatory clause of the 1st degree, and the comparative clause of the 2nd degree belongs to the clause of the 1st degree:
what?)g
(what...) 1st degree
U
(as if...) 2nd degree
In the mornings, when you can’t walk even ten steps on the grass, ZShoby, ne_pro_moshsh.do__shShSh..rt_r_os1, the air on Prorva smells of bitter willow bark, grassy freshness, sedge (K. Paustovsky). The main part includes the subordinate time of the 1st degree, and the subordinate clause of the 1st degree includes the subordinate clause of the 2nd degree:
When? v 1-degree
(When...)
For what? 11 2nd degree
(to...)
There was something in their feeling that merged the heart and destroyed the bottomless abyss that separates... the forehead.
century.from_person_v.e_k_a_ (JI. Andreev). The main part includes the explanatory clause of the 1st degree, and the attributive clause of the 2nd degree belongs to the clause of the 1st degree:
What? u
(what...) 1st degree
which? \G
(which...) 2nd degree
In sequential subordination, one subordinate clause may be located inside another, which leads to a confluence of conjunctions. This is why sequential submission is called inclusion.
1st degree
The horses were so tired that when the packs were removed from them, they lay down on the ground (V. Arsenyev). The main part includes the subordinate measures and degrees of the 1st degree, the subordinate clause of the 1st degree includes the subordinate time of the 2nd degree:

How? ,	і

When? n
2nd degree
(When...)
Consistently subordinate clauses and clauses, homogeneous and heterogeneous, can be combined within one complex sentence:
But then he realized that he would need a desperate laugh.
lost. to..press.the.button..Zh9_nsh___at..her_ doors, (and) that he is unlikely to decide on this (K. Paustovsky). Complex sentence with homogeneous and consistent subordination. The main part includes two homogeneous explanatory clauses, and the first explanatory clause includes the subordinate purpose:
test

(to...)


(bye...) (so...)
While you were sitting at school, in class, your mother wiped away your tears so that you wouldn’t know that...there is a need, that it is cruel (A. Liukin). Complex sentence with heterogeneous, consistent and homogeneous subordination. The main part is explained by the subordinate time and the subordinate purpose. The subordinate clause is explained by two homogeneous explanatory clauses:
Complex sentences may have two (or more) main parts with a common (or common) subordinate clauses. As a rule, these are sentences with a subordinate part related to the entire main part as a whole (at the same time to two
or even three). Most often these are subordinate clauses with temporary and conditional meanings:
As soon as Margarita touched the wet grass,
The tongue above the willows struck harder and a sheaf of sparks from the fire flew up more merrily (M. Bulgakov).

When?
(,only...)
Less common are clauses of this type of action and clauses of attribute:
The pattern of stars burns so brightly, so clearly Milky Way
flows that the snow-covered yard is all shiny
and phosphoruses (I. Bunin).
how?"
(What...)
There was a sea and there was a steppe, curtains. Petyadsche._tsi:
which?
(which...)

If drawing up diagrams for complex sentences is still difficult for you, read this article carefully. It contains examples of complex sentences with patterns of all possible types. Read them carefully and the task of creating an outline for a complex sentence will no longer seem difficult to you.

What is a complex sentence

Difficult to subordinate is a sentence whose predicative parts are in unequal relationships with each other. One of the parts is the main one, the other (others) is the subordinate one, i.e. dependent on the main one. The subordination of a subordinate clause is expressed using subordinating conjunctions and allied words.

In addition, a subordinate clause can refer to the entire main sentence as a whole (that is, extend it) or to some word in its composition.

Types of complex sentences by meaning

Depending on what kind of conjunctions and allied words the subordinate clause is attached to the main one and what semantic relationships develop between the parts of the dictionary, the latter are divided into several types. To make it shorter, we will call the types of complex sentences by types of subordinate clauses:

Subordinate clause explanatory. Connection with the main sentence is carried out through conjunctions what, how, to, whether.

Father said that mother would return from work late.

[ … ], (What …).

Subordinate clause definitive. Communication with the main sentence is carried out using allied words which, which, whose, what, where, where, from, how.

No one could remember whose yellow umbrella stood in the corner all evening.

[ ... ], (whose …).

Subordinate clause connecting. Communication with the main sentence is carried out using allied words why, why, why, all case forms of the word What.

Explain to me clearly why Nastya is doing all this.

[ … ], (For what …).

Subordinate clause circumstantial. This meaning expresses a large number of conjunctions and allied words. Therefore, this type of NGN is divided into several more subparagraphs, depending on what adverbial meanings are expressed by means of communication (conjunctions and allied words).

The children were looking forward to the holiday finally coming and the Christmas tree being brought into the house.

[...], (when...), and (...).

Circumstantial meanings:

places(means of connection between the subordinate and main parts - allied words where, where, where);

They walked for a long time, stumbling, and in the evening they came to the edge of the forest, from where the road to the city was visible.

[ ... ], (where …).

time when, while, only, only);

And she kept calling and crying, crying and calling, until the window finally opened.

[ … ], (Bye …).

conditions(means of connection between subordinate and main parts - conjunction If etc.);

If you go straight now and turn right at the corner, you can go straight to the library.

(if...), [then...].

reasons(means of connection between subordinate and main parts - conjunctions because, since);

Children often act against the will of their parents, because young people want to quickly try their own strength.

[ … ], (because…).

goals to);

To achieve your dream, you will have to try hard.

(to …), [ … ].

consequences(a means of connecting the subordinate and main parts - conjunction So);

The actor prepared a lot for the audition, so he was able to get the role.

[ ... ], (So…).

concessions(a means of connecting the subordinate and main parts - conjunction Although);

Although I've never been up in the air before hot air balloon, operating the burner and keeping the basket at the right height was not that difficult.

(Although …), [ … ].

comparisons(means of connection between subordinate and main parts - conjunctions as if, as if, than);

Everything was spinning and swimming before my eyes, as if a stupid colored carousel had spun me in a circle.

[...], (as if...).

measures and degrees(means of connection between subordinate and main parts - conjunctions what to and allied words how much, how much);

I cannot express in words how grateful all these people are for your timely help!

[...], (how much...).

course of action(means of connection between subordinate and main parts - conjunctions what, in order, as if, how, exactly, as if, as if and a union word How).

Gather your courage and dance as if there is not a single person in the entire large hall.

[...], (as if...).

Position of the subordinate clause in the IPP

As you may have noticed when looking at complex sentences with diagrams, the positions of the main and subordinate clauses are not rigidly fixed; you can come up with several different combinations.

A subordinate clause can be placed before the main clause:

No matter what difficulties await you along the way, you must persistently pursue your cherished goal!

(which …), [ … ].

The subordinate clause can be placed after the main clause:

Go to your mom and ask her to help us.

[ … ], (to …).

A subordinate clause can be included inside the main clause:

Everywhere we went, we were followed by surprised glances.

[ …, (Where …), … ].

Obviously, there does not have to be one subordinate clause in the NGN. There may be several of them. Then it is worth considering all the options for what kind of relationship develops between subordinate clauses and the main one.

It is also worth clarifying that the scheme of a complex sentence can be not only linear ( horizontal), as in the examples above. Flowcharts ( vertical).

So, for several subordinate clauses the following cases are possible:

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence

A reasonable question may arise as to why all these NGN schemes are needed. They have at least one practical purpose - an obligatory part of the syntactic parsing of a complex sentence is the compilation of its diagram.

In addition, the diagram of a complex sentence will help to correctly analyze it for parsing.

SPP parsing diagram includes the following task items:

1. Determine whether the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.
2. What - according to emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
3. To prove that a sentence is complex, you need to define and indicate the grammatical basics.
4. Indicate what type of connection between parts of a complex sentence is present: conjunction, intonation.
5. Indicate the type of complex sentence: complex sentence.
6. Indicate how much simple sentences is part of the complex, by what means are subordinate clauses attached to the main one.
7. Label the main and subordinate parts. In the case of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, they should be designated by numbers (degrees of subordination).
8. Indicate which word in the main sentence (or the entire sentence) is associated with the subordinate clause.
9. Note the way of connecting the predicative parts of a complex sentence: a conjunction or a conjunctive word.
10. If there are any, indicate indicative words in the main part.
11. Indicate the type of subordinate clause: explanatory, attributive, connecting, adverbial.
12. And finally, draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.

To make it clearer, parsing sample complex sentence:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex. This is a complex sentence made up of four simple clauses. Means of communication: intonation, allied word When, subordinating conjunction What.

The SPP consists of one main and three subordinate clauses: the first (2) and second (3) subordinate clauses are attributive, both extend the word day in the main sentences and answer the question which? Connected together by a coordinating conjunction And. The third subordinate clause (4) is adverbial (measures and degrees), extends the predicate of the second subordinate clause (3) and answers the questions how much? to what extent?

Thus, this is a complex sentence with the following types of subordinate clauses: homogeneous and consistent.

Resume

We examined in detail different schemes of complex sentences with examples. If you have carefully read the article, no task related to SPP will no longer seem difficult to you.

We also focused on the types of IPS schemes (horizontal and vertical). And, most importantly, how these diagrams will help you do it right parsing complex sentence.

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Types of subordination. homogeneous sequential parallel main clause main clause main clause subordinate clause subordinate clause subordinate clause. I Art. subordinate clause II Art. subordinate clause subordinate clause

1. (If joy ends), [look] (where you went wrong). SPP with subordinate clauses, explanatory clauses, with parallel subordination. 2. [I will spare you from descriptions of mountains, from exclamations (which express nothing), from pictures (which depict nothing, especially for those) (who were not there), and from statistical remarks], (which absolutely no one will not read). NGN with attributive clauses, with parallel and sequential subordination. 3. [Russia has white birch trees, cedars that have forgotten (how old they are), mountains that have turned gray from the eternal winds, rivers] (which have no name). NGN with explanatory and attributive clauses, with parallel subordination. 4. (To repel, throw back the enemy rampart), [the city endured such trials], (which it has never known in its two hundred and forty years of existence). SPP with subordinate clauses of purpose, attributive, with parallel subordination. 5. [The city seemed to ask you], (where were you on winter days), (when the solemn buildings of the colonnade and arches were covered with frost). NGN with explanatory and attributive clauses, with sequential subordination. Determine subordinate clauses and type of subordination.

Homogeneous subordinate clauses (subordination). Commas are added. [I saw] (how the stars began to fade), (how coolness swept across the earth). , (how...), (how...). If subordinate (expository) clauses are connected by the conjunction “and”, then a comma is not used. [It was obvious] (that Savelich was right) and (that I needlessly insulted him). , (what...) and (what...). If there are 3 explanatory clauses (subordinate), but in the 2nd sentence the conjunction is omitted and it is added using the conjunction “and”, then a comma is not placed before “and”. [I saw Egorushka], (how the sky darkened) and (the darkness fell), (how the stars lit up). , (as...) and (...), (as...). If the main clause has 2 subordinate clauses (time) and each is preceded by an “and,” then a comma is placed before the 2nd “and.” [I love forests] and (when they rustle the leaves cheerfully), and (when they stand calmly under the snow). and (when...), and (when...). PunctuationExamples

PunctuationExamples Heterogeneous clauses. Commas are added. a) Parallel subordination: (From the main clause, different questions are posed to the subordinate clauses.) (When the boat approached the shore), [we saw] (that people were running to the shore). (When...), , (what...). b) Sequential subordination: (From the main clause, the question is posed to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree, from the subordinate clause of the 1st degree - to the subordinate clause of the 2nd degree, from the subordinate clause of the 2nd degree - to the subordinate clause III degree.) [In places there were small villages], (which blended in color with the rocks) (that you had to come closer) (to notice them). , (which...), (that...), (to...).

PunctuationExamples With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another, that is, there will be 2 subordinate clauses nearby. union. If the 2nd subordinate clause is easily removed from the sentence, then it has independence and a comma is placed between the conjunctions; if not, then the comma is not placed (usually before “then,” “but,” “so”). [The old man warned] (that (if the weather does not improve), there is nothing to think about hunting). [The old man warned] (that if the weather does not improve), (then there is nothing to think about hunting). SSP, which includes SSP. [The guys walked quickly], and, (when there were three kilometers left to the place where they spent the night), [a forest appeared on the right]. There are SPPs in which these types of offers are combined. A comma is placed between conjunctions (in this case “and” and “when”) if the sentence starting with the second conjunction can be easily removed; if not, then the comma is not placed.

1. Never before have children needed the enrichment of language as much as they do today, when life is changing comprehensively and when everything requires new forms. 2. From the very beginning, you must arrange things in such a way that the children themselves tell you about their affairs, so that they want to tell you, so that they are interested in your knowledge. 3. And I would like to think that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will endure and near his father’s shoulder will grow up one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything and overcome everything on his way if his Motherland calls him to this. 4. By the time I got home, I sat at home for another two hours, so when I went out it was already light. 5. Having said hello, dad said that he would beat us in the village, that we had stopped being little and that it was time for us to study seriously. Place punctuation marks in SPP with several subordinate clauses.,,,

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, question, incentive). 2. Indicate the type of sentence according to emotional coloring (exclamation or non-exclamation). 3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries. 4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a verb), characterize the means of communication (conjunctions or allied words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.). 5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (uniform, parallel, sequential). Scheme for parsing IPS with several subordinate clauses. [You will look at the pale green sky strewn with stars, (on which there is not a cloud or spot), and you will understand] (why the summer warm air immovable), (why nature is on guard). (A. Chekhov). [noun, (on which), verb], (why), (why). (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with three subordinate clauses: 1) def., 2) and 3) – explanatory; with parallel and homogeneous subordination). Sample analysis of IPP with several subordinate clauses. which? What? ____

Let's analyze the sentence syntactically. My father told me that he had never seen such bread and that this year’s harvest was excellent. (Aksakov). [v.], (what) and (what). (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) expository, 2) expository, with homogeneous subordination of the subordinate clauses). ,)(() about what? about what? ___ _ ___

I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle had fallen off. (Paustovsky). (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) expository, 2) expository, with sequential subordination of the subordinate clauses). [v.], (how), (what). what? for what? When he drove up to the backyard, Yegorushka strained his vision to get a better look at him. (Chekhov). (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with two subordinate clauses: 1) circumstance. places, 2) obst. goals, with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses). (When), , (to). when? why? Arrange the signs, do your own parsing of the sentence. I option II option (,), () (),,() _ ____ ____ _ ____

Complex sentences with different types connections are complex sentences that consist of at least three simple sentences interconnected by coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. To understand the meaning of such complex constructions, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together. Often complex sentences with different types of connections are divided into two or several parts (blocks) connected using coordinating conjunctions or non-union; and each part in structure represents either complex sentence, or simple. For example: 1) (I am sad): [there is no friend with me], (with whom I would drink away the long separation), (whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many happy years) (A. Pushkin). This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two attributive clauses, with homogeneous subordination. : [noun], (with whom), (to whom).

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection. 1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive). 2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory). 3. Determine (by grammatical basics) number of simple sentences, find their boundaries. 4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or coordinating). 5. Give a description of each part (block) by structure (simple or complex sentence). 6. Create an outline of the proposal. The parsing sample is complex. sentence with different types of communication [Suddenly a thick fog fell], [as if a wall separated me from the rest of the world], and, (in order not to get lost), [I decided to return to the path], (which, in my opinion, should have been on the left and behind) (V. Arsenyev). , , and, ((to), [noun], (which)). (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, with different types of connection: non-union, composing and subordinating, consists of 3 parts connected non-union (I and II parts) and composing. connecting. union and (II and III parts) ; I part - simple sentence, II part - simple sentence, III part - SPP with two subordinate clauses (goals and def.) with parallel subordination of the goal.

Place punctuation marks. Parse the sentence syntactically. The alley was full of gardens and linden trees grew near the fences, now casting a wide shadow in the moonlight, so that the fences and gates on one side were completely buried in darkness. (A. Chekhov). ___ ___ [,], () [, and , (so). This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating conjunction and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on the main thing and is joined to it by the conjunction so. ]

Who (not, not) ever (wasn’t) on the top of Ivan the Great, who (not, not) ever (didn’t) happen to take one look at our ancient capital from end to end, who (n_) once (not, not) admired this majesty (n, nn) ​​oh, almost (in)visible p_n_frame, - he (does not) have a clue about Moscow. (M. Yu. Lermontov) Such a sentence is called a period (from the Greek periodos - circle, detour, rotation). This is a relatively complete, semantically complete, complex sentence, clearly divided into two opposite parts. The first part consists of a number of homogeneous units and is pronounced in a rising tone, followed by a pause, the second part of the sentence is pronounced in a lower tone. The first part of the period is called an increase, the second - a decrease. This intonation pattern forms a circle, as it were, since the period opens and closes in the same way in a smooth pronunciation. The period is used in artistic and journalistic styles, in upbeat, emotionally expressive speech. A comma and a dash are placed between the first and second parts of the period. Period as special kind complex sentence.
A25.Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas? It’s never boring in the forest (1) and (2) if you get sad (3) take a closer look at the most ordinary birch (4) that you meet on your way. 1) 1,2,4 2) 2,3 3) 1,2,3, 4 4) 1,3 Answer: 3

A25. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence? There was an impression (1) that we had magically visited a wonderful country (2) where there are scarlet lilies and red rowan trees (3) where everything is clearer and more beautiful (4) than it has always been around. 1)1,2,4 2)2,3 3)1,2,3,4 4)1,3 Answer: 3

A25. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence? The timber was brought to the river at night (1) and (2) when a white fog shrouded the banks (3) all eight companies laid planks (4) on the wreckage of the bridges. 1) 1, 3, 4 2) 1, 4 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 2, 3 Answer: 4

A25. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence? A few hours later (1) Ivan became exhausted (2) and (3) when he realized (4) that he could not cope with the papers (5) he cried quietly and bitterly. 1) 1, 4, 5 2) 2, 3, 5 3) 3, 4, 5 4) 1, 4 Answer: 3

A25. Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence? Mitya often simply admired his sister (1) and (2) even when he had to listen to her complaints that (3) she looked bad after night shifts in the hospital (4) Lyubasha seemed to him the most beautiful. 1) 1, 2, 4 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 1, 3 4) 3, 4 Answer: 2