1.1. The letter "o" is written after the sibilant (sh, sch, zh, h) if it is under stress in the following cases:

1. In the endings of nouns, adjectives and in the suffix of adverbs, for example: shoulders O, more O yay, hot O.
2. In suffixes - ok, -onok, -chonok, -onk(a), -onk(i), -ovk(a), -ob(a), -otk(a), -ovshchin(a) nouns , for example: circle OK, mysh onok, ox chonok, mosh onka, small thing sheep, slum both, crackling otka, knife sheepskin. Exception: uch fuck.
3. In suffixes -s adjectives, for example: hedgehog ov oh, canvas ov y.
4. In nouns on -ovka And -ovnik formed from adjectives with the suffix -s, -ev, for example: speech sheep(derived from the adjective speech ev oh), knife sheep(derived from the adjective knife ev oh), creepy ovnik(exception). But! Not to be confused with nouns formed from verbs, for example: night yovka(from the verb to spend the night), koch yovka(from the verb to wander).
5. In suffixes -okhonk adjectives and adverbs, for example: fresh okhonk O.
6. In place of a fluent vowel in nouns and adjectives, for example: poj O g (burn), burn O ra (eat), sh O in (shva), smh O n (funny), jump O to (jump).
7. In the roots of words when “o” does not alternate with “e”, for example: h O whipped, w O roh, h O porny.
8. In the roots of borrowed words, for example: joker, major, joule, dude, shorts, show, John, anchovy, kharcho.

1.2. The letter "е" after a sibilant (ш, ш, ж, ч) is written under stress in other cases, namely:

1. In the endings of verbs -eat, -et, eat, -ete, for example: you cut your hair, you bake.
2. In verbs to -eat, verbal nouns on -eating, participles in -evanny, for example: razh howl, just eating, just fucked.
3. In verbal nouns on -evka, for example: koch evka(from the verb to roam), night evka(from the verb to spend the night), stew (to stew).
4. In suffixes -er nouns, for example: experience er, courtship er.
5. In suffixes -yonn And -yon participles and verbal adjectives, as well as words formed from them, for example: bake yonn oh, baked yeon, simplifying yonn oh, simplify yeon, simplified, tense yonn oh, tension yeon, voltage yonn awn.
6. In place of a fluent vowel in verb forms masculine, for example: szh e g (burned), etc. e l (read), ush e l (left).
7. In the roots of words that have cognates with the letter “e”, for example: zh e yellow (turn yellow), heavy e ly (heaviness), pch e ly (bee), sch e t (count), w e us (wife), resh e weave (sieve), sch e lka (slot).
8. In words: h e m, pm e m, no way e m, at e m, more e.

2. Spelling of unstressed o/e:

2.1. The letter "e" is written after a sibilant (ш, ш, ж, ч) if it is unstressed in the following cases:

1. If in a word with the same root the letter ё/о is stressed, for example: Ж e fly (f e lyy), whisper (whisper).

2.2. The letter "o" is written after a sibilant (sh, sch, zh, h) if it is unstressed in the following cases:

1. In borrowed words, for example: sh O fer, lie down O, ponch O, Ш O tlandia, w O colada, sh O sse, sh O kick.
2. In words with a prefix inter- and in compound words, for example: between O traslevoy.

SPELLING E (E) - ABOUT AFTER SIZZING AND C

At the root of the word, if you can find it test word Withletter e :

b e c h e r t - b e c h e v a , string - string (rope)

At the root of borrowed words

(remains in checklistsO ):

sh o kolad, rattle o tka, slum o ba, izzh o ga

no accent : good e go, si ´ tts e m

In endings and suffixes of nouns. and adj.under stress : big ó th, girl ó nka

In adverb suffixesno accent : louder. Exception - yet

In adverb suffixesunder stress :

hot o

Runaway O

no accent : earring e k - earring

Runaway e in noun and short adj. m. kindunder stress : prince ó n - princess

In verbs: bake, eat, separate

In the suffix - yonn- (-yon-) participles:

armed

In suffixes of verbal nouns:

condensed nka, stew nka, noch e vka, korch e vka,

demarcation ё vka, retouch ё vka, koch ё vka, zhzh yonka,

fluff, length, shelling,

detachment, tension

kvash yonka (sour milk)

BUT kvass o nka (vessel)

Suffix - er- in borrowed words: conductor

Exception: dance

In words formed from the wordWhat:

why, no matter

Remember: burn your hand – verb

evening (newspaper)

kama ´ sh e vka - bird

burn hands – noun.

eve o r

Here's some fun, invigorating advice for you:

IN root of the word after the hissing

What do you hear under the accent?

It is heard as O. It is written as E.

EXCEPTIONS: RUSH in the GOOSEBERRY, SEAM on the HOOD

Rustle, clink glasses, slum,

Pulp, heartburn and thicket,

Seam, gooseberries and gluttons,

Ramrod, prim and blinders,

Shaw, joule, gherkin,

Rozhon, Borjomi and dude,

Hood, major and shorts,

Shock, kharcho, anchovy, junk,

Ratchet, joker, chok, vechor -

Remember this whole set.

After the hissing one, don’t rush:

The rhyme includes - ABOUT write.

Remember the words with E

We write E in the words: cheap,

Twine, overnight stay and uprooting,

Heavy, condensed, trainee, boyfriend,

Liver, stew and conductor.

Spelling of vowels after sibilants and C in suffixes and endings

nouns

Snow is falling from the sky...

With a white roof..th and porch..m

The house seems like a palace to us..m.

And now, my friend, attention:

In suffixes and endings

On the edge of the word, at the very end,

After hissing and after C

Under the accent it is written O,

E – unstressed, that’s all.

Now practice:

The princess, dressed in sh..lk, is crying,

But the stupid king won’t understand it at all,

What is the reason for those tears and what is the problem?

And the poor man rushes here and there.

The courtiers then hold advice,

After all, there are no obvious reasons for hysteria.

Perhaps the hair is disheveled,

Or maybe a bee stung?

The princess whispered in the doctor's ear:

I really want goosebumps... that's what I really want.

Everyone is in sh..ke and holding a family council -

There is no gooseberry in the city.

A messenger galloped into the thicket of the forest,

Across the river he suddenly saw a gooseberry.

Along the narrow rail, swaying, past..l,

But I’m glad that the goose..penetrated the princess ours..l.

The princess, wearing a woolen hood...n,

Waiting for the messenger, she went up onto the balcony.

A messenger rushed from the black forest,

Kryzh..vnik brought, and then the fairy tale ends.

The king is delighted, he is overjoyed.

He brings chocolate to the messenger on a platter.

And the princess kisses him on the cheek.

The king remained silent, did not say anything.

Dictation

A prim devil in black silk clothes sat on a hard sofa and drank cheap acorn coffee, occasionally clinking glasses with his reflection in a heavy, glossy samovar standing on a chocolate-colored brocade tablecloth. The devil was a big glutton and, despite heartburn and a sick liver, he ate gooseberries with condensed milk. After eating and threatening his reflection with his finger, the devil, bravely shaking his bangs, started tap dancing. The clatter of his hooves was so strong that those on the ground floor thought that a horse was prancing upstairs. However, the devil was not a very skilled dancer and, having made one not entirely successful leap, crashed into a samovar and burned his spot, covered with soft fur. The burn was very severe. Distressed by the damn short sheep, he rushed to the barrel of soaked apples and stuck the burnt snout into it. “They say it’s true that God doesn’t protect the careless,” the devil cursed with a damn proverb.

Vowels in the Russian language are few in number, but there are quite a lot of spelling rules concerning them. These letters occur in different parts of the word and in combination with different consonants. Vowels after sibilants cause particular difficulties. There are quite a lot of rules here, we will try to systematize them and give specific examples. The iotated vowel also causes a lot of controversy. After a vowel of this kind, as a rule, a disjunctive is written. Usually, the spelling is considered to be the letter that is in a weak position (i.e., under stress), however, in combination with sibilants, a strong position can raise many questions. Therefore, we will analyze the rules for vowels in both strong and weak positions.

Yotated vowels

First, let's look at what an iotated vowel is. After a vowel, at the beginning of a word or before a hard word or soft sign similar letters are pronounced with the sound [th] at the beginning: [yo]zh (hedgehog), vran’[yo] (lies), ple[ya]da (pleiad).

This e, e, yu, i, and also And. The last vowel after a vowel has an iotated design, as well as at the beginning of a word, but not after soft and hard signs. For example, Zina[y]da (Zinaida), but [and] grief.

E after a vowel it also gives an iotated sound: po[ye]hal, vo[ye]ny.

Letters a, y after sibilants

The use of the term "sibilant consonants" is quite common. What does it mean? These are the sounds that, when articulated, are accompanied by a characteristic hissing design. This f, w, sch, h, c.

It should be said that initially they had a pair in softness or were always hard, but with the development of language they either lost the pair (for example, [zh], [sh]) or from originally hard they became soft ([h]).

This explains the vowel that comes after them. A standing sibilant after a vowel, as a rule, does not affect anything. So, after hissing words it is always written only A or at(use I or yu considered a gross error). For example: Jacqueline, jasmine, creepy, screw, shawl, sorrel, pike, thicket, seagull, heron, tsunami.

This rule does not apply to words of foreign origin, some surnames and toponyms: brochure, Jules, Qianjian, parachute, jury, Kotsyubinsky, Steponavichyus.

Spelling and, s after sibilants

It should be remembered that after all hissing sounds, except ts, only a letter is written And. A vowel can be followed by any consonant or other

For example: fat, animal, life, wide, fascist, kids, shield, raincoats, breams, cleaning, swords, read.

There are exceptions to the rule, they relate to proper names, they can be written s. For example, the Vietnamese name Truong.

And or s in combination with c

Let's figure out which vowels should be written after ts. Letter s is written in the following cases:

1. If it comes at the end of a noun or adjective. For example: three capitals, brave fellows, short fur, narrow-faced man, pickled cucumbers.
2. In proper and common nouns with the suffix -yn or -tsyn-: Tsaritsyno, Golitsyn, fox tail, marten fur.
3. In some exception words: gypsy (and all its derivatives), chicken, chick, tiptoe.

In surnames And or s after ts is not regulated by the rule, only by title documents, which indicate the correct spelling. Let's say in the surnames Kunitsyn, Staritsyn are written s, and Yeltsin or Vitsin must be written through And.

Now let's look at cases when after ts required to consume And. These are all those that do not fall under the rules listed above.

• Word roots (except for the exceptions listed in paragraph 3 of the previous rule). For example: figure, circus, tsigeika, specific, cylinder, Tsiolkovsky, vaccine.
• Suffixes of foreign language origin: constitution, revolution, organization, interpretation, medicine, routing, calcite.
• As a link between parts compound word and in abbreviations it is also written And: All-Russian Central Executive Committee, special interview, blitzinform.

Impact position o, e in combination with hissing

In a strong position to convey the sound [e] after hissing ones you should write e. For example: pearl, tin, whispers, rustle, crack, rubble, target, hundredweight, jaw, honor.

Vowels o/e after the hissing ones, they obey their own rules.

First, let's look at when to write O.

1. If it is part of the ending of nouns or adjectives (barzhoy, mezhoy, shoulder, gun, stranger, big), as well as a suffix of adverbs: hot, fresh.
2. If is a suffix of a noun. Let us list the variants of such morphemes: -ok- (buddy, circle, pie, jump); -onk- (little book, little piece of paper, little money, girls, boys, barrels); -onok-/-chonok- (barrel, little pebble, little hare, little badger); -onysh (as a rule, these are colloquial words: uzhonysh, little one); -ovk- (raincoat, combat jacket, small items); -about- (slum, thicket); -otk- (ratchet) and the last suffix -ovshchin- requires the ending A: stabbing.
3. If it is -ov-: penny, walrus, brocade. This also includes nouns derived from these words that end in she -ovka-/-ovnik-: tsynovnik, parchovka, groshovka, grushovka, rechovka. The suffix -ov- is also often found in surnames. Here it is worth focusing on the documents given at birth. So, it can be written Borschov and Borshchev, Khrushchov and Khrushchev, Kumachov or Kumachev.
4. If it is an adverb or adjective with the suffix -okhonk-: small (small), svezhokhonky (svezhokhonko). These words are colloquial.
5. If is fluent in nouns and adverbs: zhor (eat); burn (burn); trouble (rozhon); intestines (intestines - genitive case).
6. If the word is borrowed and the vowels after the sibilants are in its root: joker, shorts, anchovy, major, Joyce (proper names also obey this rule).

When should you write e under stress?

Let us list the cases when in the root after the hissing one you should write e:

O and e in unstressed position

Regarding spelling O or e in an unstressed position, then you need to remember that in a weak position you should write the letter that is heard in a strong one. This applies to both roots: tin - tin; wool - wool; turn yellow - yellow; and suffixes: key, raincoat, scourge; and endings: husband, watchman, redhead.

You should remember foreign words in which it is written in an unstressed position O: majordomo, highway, shock, lecho, Chopin, poncho, banjo and others. Their spelling should be checked with a spelling dictionary.

O and e in combination with c

After the letter ts in a weak position O And e are checked by a strong position: tsedit - tsedit, censorship - censor, workshop - workshop. Also: pepper, fighting, pollen.

Words of foreign origin may contain unstressed O after ts: mezzo, scherzo, duke.

Tskokat is spelled through O(clatter).

Vowels O/E (Ё) after sibilants and Ts. To decide which vowel ( ABOUT or E) write after sibilants, you must ask yourself four questions: 1) in what part of the word is the vowel; 2) what part of speech the word is; 3) from what part of speech it is formed; 4) whether the vowel is stressed or not.

Vowels O/E (Ё) after sibilants

The algorithm for determining a vowel after a sibilant consists of a maximum of three steps:

1. After sibilants, O is written under stress:

• at the endings of nouns and adjectives, for example: ball, knife, page, rack, paralysis, hut, boundary, candle, stranger, big(cf. unstressed endings: red, good);
• in suffixes of nouns and adjectives, adverbs: debt, little hand, reed, naked, generally.

2. After sibilants, under stress, e (е) is written, although it is pronounced [o], in the following cases:

• at the endings of verbs, for example: burn, bake, flow;
• in a verb suffix -yovyva-: to shade, to demarcate;
• in the suffix of verbal nouns -evk-: demarcation;
• in the suffix of nouns -er-: conductor, trainee;
• in the suffix of passive participles -yonn-, -yon- (completed, abbreviated; completed, shortened), verbal adjectives -yon- (stewed, smoked), as well as in derivative words ( stew, smoked meats);
• in the prepositional case of the pronoun What: about what, on what, as well as in words no matter what.

3. After sibilants under stress, the root is written e (e), if in related words or in another form of the same word there is an alternation e With e : yellow - turn yellow, silk - silk, liver - liver, lye - slit.

In words jockey, juggler, shock, chocolate, highway, Scottish, driver, shorts, ramrod, prim, gooseberry, major, glutton, seam, shock, thicket, rustle etc. at the root after the hissing ones it is written O according to pronunciation. In these cases there is no alternation O With e.

Letters a, y

After f, w, h, sch, c letters are written a, y (and are not written I, yu ), For example: sorry, Zhanna, boundary; ball, noodles; hour, candle, silent; platform, raincoat; heron, father; creepy, I'll say; noise, Shura, enormous; feeling, silent; pike, forgive me; in a row, to father.

In several foreign languages common nouns after f, w letter is written yu : jury, julienne, brochure, parachute and some others, more rare.

In some foreign-language proper names, ethnic names after f, w, c letters are written I, yu , For example: Samogit Upland, Jules, Saint-Just, Zyuraitis, Siauliai, Zurich, Kotsyubinsky, Tsyurupa, Qu Yuan, Tsyavlovsky, Qianjiang, Qiang(nationality). In these cases, the sounds conveyed by letters f, w, c , are often pronounced softly.

Letters yu And I are written according to tradition after h in some surnames ( yu – mainly in Lithuanian), e.g.: Čiurlionis, Steponavičius, Mkrtchyan, Chyumina.

Letters and, s

After w, w, h, sch letter is written And (and not written s ), For example: fat, camelina, interpublishing, tell, sew, reeds, clean, rays, shield, look.

In some foreign language proper names after h letter is written s , eg: Truong Tinh(Vietnamese proper name).

After ts letter is written And or s .

Letter s is written in the following cases.

1. In the roots of words: gypsy, chick, chick, tiptoe, tiptoe, tiptoe, chick-chick, chick, chick, chick(and in derivative words, e.g.: gypsy, gypsy, gypsy, chick, chick, tut, tut, tut).

2. At the endings of nouns and adjectives, for example: cucumbers, archers, capitals, Klintsy, Lyubertsy; short, pale-faced, narrow-faced .

3. In the suffix of adjectives -yn, For example: Sestritsyn, Lisitsyn, Tsaritsyn, Trinity Day. Geographical names are also written on -tsyn, -tsino, For example: Tsaritsyn, Golitsyno .

In Russian surnames after ts letter is written And or s in accordance with tradition and with registration in official documents, for example: Tsipko, But Tsybin; Kunitsyn, Kuritsyn, Sinitsyn, Skobeltsyn, Solzhenitsyn, But Vitsin, Yeltsin, Tsitsin.

In all other cases, after ts letter is written And , namely:

a) in the roots of words, including foreign proper names, for example: circus, cycle, cylinder, tsigeyka, scurvy, mat, figure, shell, civilization, specificity, cyclone, barber, vaccine, revolution, tsutsik; Cicero, Circe, Zimmerwald, Cincinnati ;

b) in suffixes of foreign language origin, for example: organization, electrify, medicine, calcite, publicist, skepticism ;

c) after the first parts of complex and compound words and in sound abbreviations, for example: blitz interview, special boarding school, Central Election Commission .

Letters oh, oh, oh after the hissing ones

Letters oh, oh, oh in place of stressed vowels

After f, h, w, sch uh letter is written e , For example: tin, swing, rustle, ginseng, twitter, same(letter name), on the boundary, about a candle, a soul, a sling; Zhenya, Jack, Shannon .

After f, h, w, sch to convey a stressed vowel O letter is written O or e .

Letter O is written in the following cases.

1. At the endings of nouns and adjectives, as well as in the suffix of adverbs -O , For example: shoulder, knife, shoulder, Ilyich, hut, cloak; boundary, rein, candle, soul, sling; stranger, big, stranger, big; fresh, hot, good, general(short forms of neuter adjectives and adverbs).

2. In suffixes of nouns:

-OK, For example: circle, hook, cockerel, borscht, jump, push, and in derivatives from such words: circle, hook, jump etc.;

-onok And - chonok, For example: little bear, little mouse, little pebble, little barrel, little little arap ;

-onysh: uzhonysh ;

-onk(a) and -onk(and), for example: little book, little hand, shirt, vest, money, trousers, rhymes ;

-ovk(a) (in denominative derivative words), for example: chizhovka(female siskin), mouse(rodent), khrychovka, small things ;

-about(A): thicket, clearing(deforestation); same in word slum, where the suffix in modern language does not stand out, and in the ironic formation created on his model Khrushchev. Exception: in the word studies is written e ;

-otk(A): ratchet ;

-ovschin(A): stabbing .

3. In the suffix of adjectives -ov-, For example: hedgehog, brocade, penny, canvas, as well as in nouns on -ovka, -ovnik, derived from adjectives with a suffix -ov-(-ev-): pear And pear tree(cf. pear), hacksaw(cf. knife and option knife), cherry plum(cherry plum), guzhovka(horse-drawn), punch(punchy), tick‘cliff-billed heron’ ( tick-borne), fight(pugnacious, from brawler‘kind of plane’), raincoat(raincoat), speech(speech), hogweed(borscht), zhovnik(snake).

The word is spelled the same way gooseberry, where the suffix is ​​not distinguished in modern language.

Denominate nouns in -ovka type small saw, hacksaw, raincoat should be distinguished from verbal nouns like overnight stay.

In Russian surnames there is a hissing + -s(-ev) is written O or e in accordance with tradition and with registration in official documents: cf., for example, Chernyshov And Chernyshev, Kalachov And Kalachev, Khrushchov And Khrushchev; Emelyan Pugachev.

4. In the suffix of adjectives and adverbs -okhonk-, For example: fresh, good, good .

5. In place of a fluent vowel O in nouns and adjectives, for example: glutton, glutton, gluttonous(cf. eat), pulp(cf. I press), burn, arson, overburn, heartburn(cf. I'm burning, I'm burning); trouble(cf. gen. p. why the hell), seam(seam); princes(genus plural from princess), scabbard(genus from sheath- outdated variant of the word sheath), scrotum, scrotum(genus plural and diminution from purse), intestines, intestines(genus and diminution from guts), sauerkraut(decrease from sauerkraut), cat And terrible(from nightmare), glasses(from glasses), point(from point), ridiculous(short form of masculine gender from funny); This also includes words with the suffix -ok: hook, jump(gen. p. hook, jump) etc. (see above, point 2). However, in words accounting, accounting, account, account, calculation(cf. I will take into account, I will count, I will begin, I will count, I will count) the letter is written e .

As well as ridiculous, colloquial versions are written when necessary short forms husband. sort of terrible, must, need .

6. In those roots of Russian words where the vowel O after sibilants there is always shock and does not alternate with uh(in writing e): click(And keep quiet), zhoster, zhokh, glutton(and option glutton), already; clink glasses, crazy, grebe, prim, clink, clink; shuffle, rustle, blinkers(And saddlery, saddler).

The word is spelled the same way evening(And evening nice), although it is related to the word evening(And evening).

With letter O some Russians are written proper names, eg: Zhora, Zhostovo, Pechora(river), Pechory(city), Sholokhov .

7. In the roots of borrowed (foreign) words. List of basic words: borjom, joker, junk, joule, major, dude, drum major, force majeure; anchovy, kharcho, choker; hood, gherkin, cruchon, offshore, torshon, shock, ramrod, shop, shorts, shorts, show; the same in proper names, for example: John, Georges, Joyce, Chaucer, Shaw, Shchors .

In all other cases, to convey the stressed vowel o after f, h, w, sch letter is written e , namely:

1. In verb endings -eat, -eat, -eat, -eat, For example: you lie, cut your hair, bake, push .

2. In verbs imperfect form on -yow and verbal nouns in -yowling, For example: demarcate, uproot, migrate, obscure; demarcation, uprooting, shading; in passive participles -yovanny, For example: demarcated, uprooted, shaded .

3. In verbal nouns on -yovka, For example: overnight stay(from spend the night), uprooting, migration, delimitation, retouching(from retouch), peeling(from peel).

4. In the suffix of nouns -yor, For example: conductor, retoucher, trainee, boyfriend, trainer, massager .

5. In suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives -yonn- And -yon-, For example: tense(And tense), burnt, baked, softened, detached, simplified; loaded, burnt, baked, baked, stewed, waxed; the same in words derived from such participles and adjectives, for example: tension, detachment, simplicity, erudition, tense, detached, simplified, strained, burnt, stewed, condensed milk .

6. In the place of the fugitive O in verbal forms of the past tense husband. kind: burned and prefixes ( lit, burned, burned, burned, set fire etc.; the same in participles: set fire etc.; Wed I'll light it, I'll light it), - man(read, took into account etc., cf. read, studied), walked and prefixes ( came, left etc., cf. went, came, left). At the same time, writing verb forms with the root burned contrasted with the writing of cognate nouns with the letter O : burn, arson, overburn.

7. In those roots of Russian words where the shock sound O corresponds in other words or forms of the same root to the vowel (stressed or unstressed) conveyed by the letter e.

Here is a list of basic words with such roots (in parentheses, words with the same root or forms with the letter e after f, h, w, sch ).

Roots with combination same :

chewed(chew),

gutter(gutters, groove, grooved),

yellow(yellow, yellowish, turn yellow, yolk),

acorn(acorns, stomach'little acorn', acorn),

bile, gall(options bile, gall; biliary, biliary),

wives, wifey, little wife, newlyweds(wife, woman, woman, feminine, getting married, getting married),

perch(pole, pole, pole),

millstone(millstone, millstone),

hard, rigidity(tough, harsh),

overarm(fathom And fathom),

heavy(heavier, grow heavier, outdated heavier).

Roots with combination what :

twine(twine, twine),

evening(evening, evening),

liver, hepatic(liver),

honor, honorable(honor),

bees, bee(bee, beekeeper),

counting, counting, crediting, report, accounting, counter, counting, crediting, accounting, crosswise, even, odd, even, rosary(count, recount, count, set off, take into account, deduction, accounts, accountant, odd),

shit(chebotar),

bangs, bangs, bangs(plural) ( brow, petition, beard),

canoe(shuttles, shuttle),

cross out, cross out, cross out, cross out, cross out, underline(compare option scribble; cross out, cross out, cross out, cross out, cross out, underline),

black(black, blacken, rabble, blackness, blackish),

callous, callousness(callous, become callous),

damn, damn, little devil(devils, devils, devils, devils, damn, devilry),

dash(devil, devil, draws, draws, drawing),

comb, comb, comb, comb, comb, comb, comb, hairstyle, comb, comb, comb(scratch, scratch, comb, comb),

clear, clear, distinct(rosary),

tap dance(taps).

Roots with combination she :

cheap, cheap(cheap, cheap, cheaper, cheaper),

Koshevka(Kosheva),

wallet(wallet, purse),

millet, millet(millet),

lattice, sieve(plural) lattice(option: lattice; sieve, sieve),

silk, silk(silk, silky),

whisper, whisper(whisper, whisper, whispers),

fur, long-haired, short-haired(wool, woolen, woolen).

Roots with combination more :

dandy(foppish, foppish, flaunt, flaunt),

cheeks, cheek, slap, cheek(cheek, cheeky),

tickles(tickle, tickle),

lye, lye(crack, cracks),

click, click(click, click),

lye, lye(alkalis, alkaline),

puppy(whelp, puppy),

brush(bristle).

However, in proper names with the roots of the words listed in paragraph 7, the letter can be written O . In accordance with tradition and registration, the letter is written in official documents O in such proper names as, for example, Choboty(Name settlement), Chorny, Pshonnaya, Zholobov, Zholtikov(last names).

8. In the sentence n. pronouns what: about what, on what, as well as in words how much, no matter, and; in a word more .

9. In some borrowed words, where the letter e conveyed under special stress, different from Russian O, a vowel sound of the source language, for example: wifepremier, Schönbrunn, Schönberg .

Letters oh, oh in place of unstressed vowels

In an unstressed position after f, h, w, sch letter is written e uh(in writing e ), and with the drum O(in writing O or e ). This applies to roots, suffixes, and endings. Examples: a) tin(cf. tin), cap(cap), leg(leg), ironing(angling), cloud(candle); b) turn yellow(cf. yellow), whisper(whisper), peas(cockerel), punch, raincoat(penny, borscht), watchman(siskin), more(cf. big), redhead(to someone else's), mighty(hot). Some spellings with e after sibilants they are not checked by the shock position, for example: wish, stomach, gelatin, attic, move, lisp, rough, latch .

In a number of words of foreign origin after f, h, w a letter is written in an unstressed position O . List of basic words: Jonathan, jockey, juggler, majordomo, majoritarian, banjo, harmonic; chonguri, lecho, poncho, ranch, capriccio(compare option capriccio); chauvinism, chocolate, highway, driver; proper names, for example: Scotland, Jaurès, Chopin, Shostakovich, Boccaccio. Derivatives from words of foreign origin with stress are also written O after sibilants and forms of such words where the vowel after the sibilant is unstressed, for example: shock(from shock), torsion(from torchon), choker(from choker), cleaning rod(plural from ramrod).

Letter O written after sibilants not under stress in words with a prefix inter- and in compound words, if it begins the second part of the word, for example: interregional, intercommunity, intersectoral, leather and footwear.

Letter O after sibilants not under stress it is also written in individual, not legalized literary norm formations, for example: furry(from asshole), prim(from prim), rustle(‘barely audible rustling’), freshly(from fresh, according to the model rough, clean).

Letters O And e after ts

After ts to convey a stressed vowel O letter is written O , to transmit percussion uh– letter e, For example: cluck, cap, dancer, dancer, dance, facing, crimson, face, face, cucumber, cucumbers, sheep; valuable, whole, whole(letter name), tsetse(fly), sheep, about father .

In an unstressed position after ts letter is written e – in accordance with the drum uh, and with shock O, for example: a) price(prices), strain(strains), censorship(censor), bird(pollen); b) dance(cf. dancer), scarlet(crimson), calico(pepper), swamp(porch), bird(pollen), fingers(wise men), scanty(big), kutse(Fine). Some spellings with e are not checked by the striking position, for example: kiss, cellophane .

In some words of foreign origin in an unstressed position after ts letter is written O : duke, intermezzo, mezzo, palazzo, scherzo, canzonetta, zoisite(mineral), pozzolanas(rocks). The word is spelled the same way clatter and its derivatives clatter, clatter(cf. clatter).

Letter O written after ts not under stress in words with the first parts blitz, social, special, if it begins the second part of the word, for example: blitz operation, blitz survey, social obligation, special clothing, special department.

Letter O after ts not under stress is also written when conveying non-normative stress variants that penetrate into written speech, For example: dancer(stress variant found in poetry), plinth?(professional form named after plural word tso?kol – tso?koli).

Letter uh after the hissing and ts

Letter uh written after letters f, h, w, c only in the following special cases.

1. In abbreviations, for example: ZhEA(housing maintenance office), ZhES(railway power station), CHES(frequency electromagnetic sensing), CELT(color cathode ray tube), TsEM(Tsentroelektromontazh is the name of the trust).

2. After the console inter-, the first parts of complex and compound words at the beginning of roots starting with a letter uh , For example: interfloor, interethnic, Vnesheconombank, blitzemission, special exporter, special effect, special electrode .

3. When transmitting some Chinese words, for example: she(nationality in China), ren(the basic concept of Confucian philosophy), Lao She(Chinese writer) Chengdu, Shenyang(cities), Zhejiang(provinces), Shenzhen(industrial zone in China).