Art in the years
Great Patriotic War
wars
During the Great Patriotic War it did not weaken
interest in real art. Artists
drama and musical theaters, philharmonic societies
and concert groups contributed to the common cause
fight the enemy. Hugely popular
used by front-line theaters and concert halls
brigades. Risking their lives, these people
their performances proved that the beauty of art
alive that it is impossible to kill her. Among the front-line
The mother of one of ours also performed as artists.
teachers. We present her memories of those
unforgettable concerts.
The poem “Wait for Me” has no special story. I just left for
war, and the woman I loved was in the rear. And I wrote her a letter to
verses..."
Wait for me and I will return.
Just wait a lot
Wait when they make you sad
Yellow rains,
Wait for the snow to blow
Wait for it to be hot
Wait when others are not waiting,
Forgetting yesterday.
Wait when from distant places
No letters will arrive
Wait until you get bored
To everyone who is waiting together. Front Concert Brigades
During the war years, artists
held for the Soviet
warriors 1 million 350
thousands of performances,
concerts, creative
there were no meetings
one part, wherever
visited the front line
theaters and brigades.
Together with Red
The artists passed through the army
the entire path of the war. Lidiya Ruslanova - front-line artist
theater
Together with his comrades
concert crew almost all this year
I spent on the front lines.
We recently returned from the South-Western
front, and in the coming days I will again
There is a seventh trip to the front ahead.
How much has been experienced during this time.
There were so many different meetings
impressions. I have so many friends now
me on all fronts. It happened so much
see and hear! Music and songs during the war Seventh Symphony by D. Shostakovich LISTEN
The 7th symphony, completed already in evacuation, in Kuibyshev, and there for the first time
performed, immediately became a symbol of resistance of the Soviet people
fascist aggressors and faith in the coming victory over the enemy. So
it was perceived not only in the homeland, but also in many countries around the world.
Brilliant “invasion episode”, courageous and strong-willed themes
resistance, the mournful monologue of the bassoon (“requiem for the victims of war”) with all
its journalisticism and poster-like simplicity of musical language and in its very
In fact, they have enormous artistic influence. "Holy War"
(interesting information)
LISTEN
The history of the creation of one of the most interesting famous songs Great Patriotic War.
On June 24, 1941, the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda published a poem by V. I. Lebedev Kumach, which began with the words: “Get up, huge country, get up for mortal combat...”
The poem was read in the newspaper by the head of the Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble of the Red Banner
Army A. V. Alexandrov. It made such a strong impression on him that he immediately sat down to
piano. The next day, coming to the rehearsal, the composer announced:
– We will learn a new song – “Holy War”.
Immediately after an intense rehearsal, the ensemble group left for the Belorussky railway station for a performance
in front of the soldiers leaving for the front line. The view of the station was unusual: all the premises were filled to capacity
filled with military personnel.
In the waiting room there was a platform made of freshly planed boards - a kind of stage for
speeches. The ensemble’s artists climbed to this elevation, and doubts involuntarily arose in them:
Is it possible to perform in such an environment? There is noise in the hall, sharp commands, sounds of the radio. Leader's words
who announce that the song “Holy War” will now be performed for the first time, are drowned in a general roar.
But then the hand of Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov rises, and the hall gradually falls silent...
The worries were in vain. From the very first bars, the song captured the fighters. And when the second one sounded
verse, there was absolute silence in the hall. Everyone stood up, as if during the anthem. On harsh
Tears are visible on their faces, and this excitement is transmitted to the performers. They all have tears in their eyes too... Song
subsided, but the fighters demanded a repeat. Again and again - five times in a row! – the ensemble sang
"Holy War".
Thus began the song's journey, a glorious and long journey. From that day on, the "Holy War" was taken over
the weapons of our army, of all the people, became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War.
Slide 1
Painting of the Great Patriotic War
I wrote my version in k I wrote my version in comments
Slide 2
Early morning June 22, 1941 fascist Germany treacherously attacked Soviet Union. Mortal danger looms over our homeland. At the call of the party, the entire people rose up to fight the enemy. “Everything for the front, everything for victory” - these words became the motto of the life and work of Soviet people.
Slide 3
Soviet artists also felt mobilized and called to serve the people with their art, so from the first days of the war they were together with the defenders of the Motherland.
Slide 4
“The Motherland is calling!” - a famous poster from the Great Patriotic War, created by artist Irakli Toidze at the end of June 1941.
The image of the “Motherland” later became one of the most widespread images of Soviet propaganda. There are numerous interpretations of the image and parodies of this poster in fine arts, sculpture, folk art.
Slide 5
Battle of Stalingrad
In 1942, the fate of the entire civilized world was decided at the walls of Stalingrad. The greatest battle in the history of wars unfolded between the Volga and Don rivers. On July 12, 1942, the Stalingrad Front was formed, and the day of July 17 went down in history as the beginning Battle of Stalingrad. The significance of the Battle of Stalingrad, its influence on the course of not only the Great Patriotic War, but also the Second World War as a whole, is invaluable. In its scale and ferocity, it surpassed all past battles: more than two million people fought on an area of almost one hundred thousand square kilometers.
Slide 6
Wounded Wehrmacht soldiers in a trench are depicted in the painting “Memories of Stalingrad” by the German artist Franz Eichhorst.
Slide 7
“The Stalingrad Madonna” was written by the German military doctor Kurt Reiber on Christmas night from December 24 to 25, 1942 on a piece of a Soviet geographical map. By this time, the Nazi troops under the command of General Paulus were already completely surrounded in the Stalingrad “cauldron” by units of the Red Army and suffered heavy losses, aggravated by the harsh winter conditions.
The sheet depicts a seated woman hugging and covering the baby Jesus Christ with her wide robe. The mother's head is tilted towards the baby's head, her eyes are closed. Right hand The Virgin Mary presses the baby to her chest with a protective gesture, the left one is hidden by a scarf. Around the figures there are inscriptions on German: “Licht. Leben. Liebe. Weihnachten im Kessel. Festung Stalingrad" - "Light. Life. Love. Christmas in a cauldron. Stalingrad Fortress"
Slide 8
Front-line drawings can tell about the war what is not written in orders and reports. Full of sincere feelings and observation, the works of military artists are quite comparable to the best literary essays of front-line writers and correspondents who recorded their first, most vivid impressions. Sketches made during breaks between battles were published in army newspapers and sent home, where they were carefully stored in family albums like the most expensive relics. Today they allow you to look into spiritual world defenders of Stalingrad.
Slide 9
A survey conducted on the most popular network showed the preferences of 70 people
Zenkovich V.V. Bouquet in a green mug. 1943
During the harsh war years, it was important not only to supply the front with weapons and food, but also to maintain high morale among the troops. Psychological and ideological support is a powerful weapon of victory, and art played a significant role in this. At that time, every direction was important: painting, cinema, literature, music - all of this contributed to overcoming the power of the invaders.
Frontline creativity
Artists, performers and musicians went to the front, signed up for the militia and partisan detachments, gave their lives on the battlefields, but did not forget about their creativity. It was at this time that the patriotic theme was more important than ever:
- During the war years, cinema gained enormous popularity. Soviet chroniclers literally worked under bullets, filming unique footage that later became witnesses to world history. Combat film collections were assembled from short films, which were shown both during the war and later.
- It is difficult to overestimate the importance of music in wartime. The Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble gave concerts at the front; in 1941, the song “Holy War” was performed for the first time at the Belorussky Station. The song “Katyusha” by Mikhail Isakovsky quickly became known throughout the country. Many fighters wrote letters to her heroine, and many poetic folk versions appeared. Other song masterpieces of that time, such as “Blue Handkerchief”, “Random Waltz” and many others, are still familiar to every Russian. The strongest piece of music The war years were marked by Shostakovich's seventh symphony, completed in besieged Leningrad.
- It is impossible not to note the merits of musical and dramatic theaters. During the war years, more than 4,000 artistic brigades performed at the front, bringing joy, smiles and hope for a quick victory to the soldiers.
Art in evacuation
In the evacuation, far from the front line, the efforts of people of art were aimed at helping the soldiers. At this time, the poster acquired special significance in painting. It was poster art that raised spirits, helped to face the enemy courageously and called for overcoming difficulties. The “Motherland Calls” poster, known to everyone, belongs to Irakli Toidze. He also became the author of a number of masterpieces of poster painting.
Literature was inextricably linked with the front. Many writers and poets took part in the battles, but also those who were evacuated gave all the power of their pens to the struggle for victory. Poems were broadcast on the radio and published in collections. Simonov’s poem “Wait for me” became an expression of the feelings and thoughts of many soldiers who dreamed of returning home.
Military art represents a special layer in Russian culture, because at that time all the creative energy of people was subordinated to common goals - to help the front, to raise morale Soviet soldiers and protect your home country from invaders.
- The working day of the children standing at the machine lasted 12 hours and was accompanied by hard work, from which their backs went numb, their hands did not obey, and their eyelids closed from fatigue.
- 100 million gymnasts
- 35 million overcoats
- 64 million pairs of shoes
- It will be cold - we will endure it
- If we're hungry, we'll tighten our belts
- It will be difficult - we will endure
- We will endure and win!
- The city is a fortress,
- the city is a hero,
- which the conquerors never entered.
- 900 days of Courage, Will, Strength of Spirit...
- A.F. Pakhomov “To the Neva for water”
- Born in St. Petersburg. She died in Leningrad. After graduating from the Faculty of Philology of Leningrad State University, she worked in Komsomol newspapers. Berggolts became a radio herald for Leningrad besieged by the Nazis, calling for courage from exhausted, starving fellow citizens. Immortal words: “No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten,” said by Olga Berggolts.
- Boim S.S. Water from the Neva.
- Series “Leningrad in the Siege”. 1942.
- A. Pakhomov. "On duty." Lithography. 1942.
- Boim S.S.
- Shelling on Labor Square.
- A. Pakhomov.
- "Prisoned Germans in Leningrad"
- I. Maslennikova
- "Leningrad under siege" 1941
- About the colors of war...
- Ir. Toidze (1941)
- June 24, 1941
- 1941
- 1941
- Bright, intelligible, imaginative posters called for the fight against the enemy, branded cowards, glorified the exploits of heroes at the front and rear, and revealed the true face of fascism. They were topical, full of optimism, deeply in tune with the feelings and thoughts of the city’s defenders. The most popular were sheets of a sharply satirical nature, mercilessly scourging the enemy and dispelling the myth of his invincibility. Artists often received letters. One of them contained the following words: “Looking at your posters, it becomes easier to breathe. We believe that our people are invincible!”
- Mavrina
- A line broken by a bullet.
- Born on January 21, 1919 in Irkutsk. Already at school he tries to write poetry. Then he enters the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Irkutsk Institute, but does not give up writing. He could become a physicist, mathematician, poet.
- But a battle against fascism unprecedented in history is already raging from sea to sea - the Patriotic War has begun, and the young man, without hesitation, becomes a soldier.
- He died at the age of 24 years.
- From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, in response to a statement with a request to be sent to the front, he was sent to the editorial office of the newspaper of the 12th Army of the South-Western direction; enjoyed great popularity among the military. The first of the writers was awarded the Order of the Red Banner; died in 1942 in the Kharkov region, fighting his way out of encirclement.
- War correspondent Joseph Utkin died in a plane crash while returning from the front line in 1944.
- Lieutenant Pavel Kogan, on September 23, 1942, received an order to get into the station and blow up the enemy’s gas tanks... A fascist bullet hit him in the chest.
- A talented poet, student at the Literary Institute, friend of Pavel Kogan, Mikhail Kulchitsky. He died in January 1943 under the walls of Stalingrad.
- Guard Lieutenant Georgy Suvorov was a talented poet. He died on February 13, 1944 while crossing the Narova River.
- "And the song goes to war..."
- “The fire is beating in a small stove”
- "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten"
- Obelisk near the village of Zhurkovo. This obelisk is the only mention of the village of Barsuki, destroyed along with its inhabitants on March 8, 1943.
- In the center of the village of Myritinitsy there is memorial complex, which consists of a monument, stele, memorial tombstones, and a worship cross. The sculptor of the monument is Krushinin Alexander Petrovich.
- If a minute of silence is declared for each of the 20 million deaths in the country, the country will be silent... for 32 years!
- 20 million graves over 2.5 thousand kilometers - this means 7.5 thousand killed per kilometer, 15 people for every 2 meters of land!
- 20 million in 1418 days - that means 14 thousand killed daily, 600 thousand people per hour, 10 people every minute. That's what 20 million is!
Slide 1
Art during the Great Patriotic War
The presentation was prepared by Olga Valerievna Uleva, teacher of history and social studies, Secondary School No. 1353
Slide 2
1. ON THE EVE OF WAR
The purposeful ideological and moral preparation of the USSR for the coming war against fascism became obvious already from the mid-1930s. Confirm this thesis with facts known to you.
1934 – history restored as compulsory academic discipline 1938 – “ Short course history of the CPSU(b)" substantiated the continuity Russian Empire and the USSR in confronting external enemies, creating patriotic films and films about the revolution
"Alexander Nevsky". Dir. S. Eisenstein. Music From Prokofiev. 1938
"Peter I". Dir. V.Petrov. 1940 In the role of Peter I N. Simonov.
"Man with a Gun" Dir. S. Yutkevich. 1937
"Lenin in October". Dir. M. Romm. 1937
Slide 3
military-patriotic education of youth (GTO, OSOVIAKHIM, DOSAAF, Voroshilov shooter) the prestige of military professions is extremely high until 1939 in the USSR there was no universal military service, selection for the army, air force and navy was very strict (education, general health, initial military service were taken into account Preparation)
And on enemy soil we will defeat the enemy with little blood, with a mighty blow!
Slide 4
2. SOVIET CULTURE TO THE FRONT
The best cultural achievements are associated with those types of creativity that as soon as possible could become available to a mass audience (poster, movie, song, military journalism)
“The Motherland is calling!” Hood. I. Toidze. 1941
HOLY WAR Composer: A. Alexandrov Lyrics: V. Lebedev-Kumach Get up, huge country, Get up for mortal combat With the dark fascist force, With the damned horde. Chorus: Let noble rage boil like a wave, - There is a people's war, a Holy War!
Slide 5
LITERATURE, PUBLISHING, WAR CORRESPONDENTS
Alexander Tvardovsky
Slide 6
Slide 7
FRONT BRIGADES, MUSIC, THEATER, CINEMA.
Speech by Klavdia Shulzhenko before the soldiers of the N-unit. Leningrad Front. 1941
Speech by Lydia Ruslanova at the walls of the defeated Reichstag. Berlin. 1945 In 1948, L. Ruslanova was arrested and remained in prison until 1953.
Slide 8
Film "Two Fighters". Dir. L. Lukov. 1943 In the role of Arkady Dzyubin, Mark Bernes.
SONGS OF THE WAR YEARS: “In the forest near the front” “Nightingales” “Roads” “In the dugout” “Dark night” “Katyusha”
Slide 9
Film "A guy from our city." Dir. A. Stolper. 1942 Starring N. Kryuchkov, L. Smirnova.
Film "Ivan the Terrible". Dir. S. Eisenstein. 1944 IN leading role N. Cherkasov.
Slide 10
SOVIET CULTURE TO THE FRONT
Dmitry Shostakovich. The Seventh Symphony, which D. D. Shostakovich wrote in the besieged city in 1941, became a symbol of the invincible spirit of Leningraders. The symphony was performed in besieged and starving Leningrad on August 9, 1942.
Slide 11
June 22, 1941. Soviet people listening to the government announcement about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
Slide 12
Olga Berggolts. During the Great Patriotic War, while remaining in besieged Leningrad, she worked on the radio, almost daily appealing to the courage of the city’s residents.
Slide 13
4. DESTRUCTION OF CULTURAL VALUES BY THE FASCISTS
Peterhof. The Grand Palace and the Grand Cascade, destroyed by the Nazis.
IN state register cultural values lost during the Great Patriotic War on the territory of the USSR include 1,670 destroyed Orthodox churches and monasteries, 427 museums, 180 million volumes of books, numerous archives. In total, about 565 thousand works of art were lost.
Slide 14
5. AUTHORITY AND THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
since 1925 (after the death of Patriarch Tikhon) the election of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church not produced) in the 1930s. the government conducted active and aggressive anti-religious propaganda (temples were destroyed, priests and believers were killed) by 1941, the number of people repressed for their faith reached 350 thousand people, according to the 1937 census, more than 50% of the population of the USSR remained believers
Twelfth Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Sergius (1943-1944). In 1943, the patriarchate was restored, churches and monasteries were partially returned to the church.
Concessions to power were limited and forced, but church life in the 1940s. noticeably perked up.
Slide 17
7. “FOREVER NINETEEN”
Among front-line soldiers born in 1922, 1923 and 1924, three percent returned from the war (only three out of a hundred people).
Pavel Kogan
Mikhail Kulchitsky
