But in this case, we would not be able to live on a flat planet, since all the water would spread over the surface of the soil and you and I would end up at the bottom of the ocean more than two kilometers deep.
A plain is a flat area of the earth's surface, occupying large area and having slight differences in height. There are flat plains and hilly plains. On the map they are indicated in green (Western Siberian Plain) and interspersed with light brown color (East European Plain). Find them on your map.
Once upon a time, in prehistoric times, mountains could rise in place of the plain. Then, over many millions of years, the mountains were destroyed under the influence of earthquakes, wind, water, and only small elevations remained.
It is impossible not to mention the era of the great glaciation. In the past, our country before Southern Urals was covered with ice. Then the glaciers melted. The sliding of huge multi-kilometer ice blocks entailed changes in the surface of the earth. This is exactly how the Valdai Hills arose.
View a map of our area.
Now you know the designation of plains and hills.
Determine the shape of the surface of our area.
What is a ravine?
A ravine is a deep elongated ravine with steep slopes, washed away by rain and snow waters. In the forest-steppe and steppe regions there is very little precipitation, and it falls very unevenly. Where natural grassy vegetation along rivers is destroyed during rare but heavy rainfalls or during rapid spring melting of snow, jets of water collecting on the slopes cut them and form deep, rapidly growing ravines. Gullies disable large areas of fields and pastures. Roads and cities located on high river banks also suffer from ravines.
It is known from ancient books that in the city of Torzhok at the beginning of the 14th century, a ravine, which was formed in one hour as a result of a heavy rainfall, razed several buildings from the face of the earth.
Find places on the map of Russia with a pronounced brown color.
What does this color mean?
What are mountains?
Mountains are areas of the earth's surface that rise greatly above the surrounding area.
What is the difference between hills and mountains? AND
Consider the territory of our region.
Are there mountains?
Which of them have you heard about, maybe visited there, tell us.
Are the mountain tops covered with snow? Why?
What snow-capped mountains can you name?
Find them on the map of Russia.
Read the text (pp. 78-79).
Help Seryozha figure out what numbers the ravine, hill, mountain are depicted with.
III. Lesson summary.
View document contents
"Shapes of the Earth's Surface"
FORMS OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE
Know: study the shapes of the Earth's surface and native land; teach to identify various shapes surfaces on the map.
Equipment: physical map of Russia and its region, atlases, pictures of mountains, hills, plains, ravines.
Movelesson
I. Shapes of the Earth's surface.
Conversation.
How many of you have ever walked up a hill for a long time?
How did you feel?
What did you want most?
You probably thought that there is nothing better than the flat surface of the Earth, which is very convenient to walk on.
But in this case, we would not be able to live on a flat planet, since all the water would spread over the surface of the soil and you and I would end up at the bottom of the ocean more than two kilometers deep.
Therefore, it is better to leave it as it is, with mountains and plains, hills and ravines.
Look at the image of land on the map of the hemispheres.
Why is it full of different colors?
Land on the map is indicated by shades of green and brown.
Think about what these colors mean.
The earth's surface can be flat or mountainous.
Teacher's story with elements of conversation.
A plain is a flat area of the earth's surface, occupying a large area and having slight differences in height. There are flat plains and hilly plains. On the map they are indicated in green (West Siberian Plain) and interspersed with light brown (East European Plain). Find them on your map.
The plains appear flat only at first glance.
For example, on the Valdai Hills there are hills and ridges. How did these uneven plains happen?
Once upon a time, in prehistoric times, mountains could rise in place of the plain. Then, over many millions of years, the mountains were destroyed by earthquakes, wind, and water, leaving only small elevations.
It is impossible not to mention the era of the great glaciation. In the past, our country was covered with ice up to the Southern Urals. Then the glaciers melted. The sliding of huge multi-kilometer ice blocks entailed changes in the surface of the earth. This is how the Valdai Hills arose.
How do you imagine a hill?
A hill is a small hill with a rounded top and gentle or steep slopes.
View a map of our area.
Now you know the designation of plains and hills.
Determine the shape of the surface of our area.
Have you noticed that there are ravines in the region?
What is a ravine?
A ravine is a deep elongated ravine with steep slopes, washed away by rain and snow waters. In the forest-steppe and steppe regions there is very little precipitation, and it falls very unevenly. Where natural grassy vegetation along rivers is destroyed during rare but heavy rainfalls or during rapid spring melting of snow, jets of water collecting on the slopes cut them and form deep, rapidly growing ravines. Gullies disable large areas of fields and pastures. Roads and cities located on high river banks also suffer from ravines.
It is known from ancient books that in the city of Torzhok at the beginning of the 14th century, a ravine, which was formed in one hour as a result of a heavy downpour, razed several buildings from the face of the earth.
Find places on the map of Russia with a pronounced brown color.
What does this color mean?
What are mountains?
Mountains are areas of the earth's surface that rise greatly above the surrounding area.
What is the difference between hills and mountains? AND
Consider the territory of our region.
Are there mountains?
Which of them have you heard about, maybe visited there, tell us.
Are the mountain tops covered with snow? Why?
What snow-capped mountains can you name?
Find them on the map of Russia.
P. Work from the textbook, p. 78-in1.
Read the text (pp. 78-79).
What are the similarities and differences between a hill and a mountain?
Help Seryozha figure out which numbers represent the ravine, hill, mountain.
III. Lesson summary.
What shapes of the Earth's surface have you recognized?
Homework: textbook p. 78-81; workbook
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Slide captions:
Preview:
LESSON TOPIC: Shapes of the earth's surface
Lesson objectives:
Formation of ideas about the shapes of the earth's surface.
Lesson objectives:
Educational:
Introduce children to the basic shapes of the earth's surface;
introduce the structure of hills and mountains
Educational:
Develop cognitive activity children, the ability to express their thoughts and reason.
Developing the ability to analyze and draw conclusions, defend one’s point of view, and the ability to apply accumulated knowledge;
Expand children's horizons.
Educational:
Bring up ecological culture schoolchildren.
To cultivate love and respect for the nature of the native land.
Lesson location in curriculum: Lesson 3 on the topic "Travel".
Methodological techniques: verbal (conversation, story), visual and demonstration: (explanatory and illustrative).
Lesson type: lesson on learning new material.
Forms of work in the lesson: independent, frontal, work in pairs.
Lesson equipment:
Technical support: personal computer, demonstration screen, multimedia projector, scanner, printer.
Literature: Textbook by A.A. Pleshakov “The World Around Us” 2nd grade, workbook “The World Around Us” author A.A. Pleshakov. 2010
Lesson progress
I. Organizational moment.
Well, check it out, my friend,
Are you ready to start the lesson?
Is everything in place?
Is everything alright?
Pen, book and notebooks?
Is everyone sitting correctly?
Is everyone watching carefully?
Interesting questions
Daredevils are awaited.
I wish them good luck.
Come out!
Who's ready?
II. Checking homework.The teacher gives two students cards for independent work. Students prepare answers and then answer. Checking is carried out using slides.
Card 1. Artem Mitusov.
Exercise:
Explain what a horizon is?
What is a horizon line? Show the horizon line in the drawing. Slide 2. (The line becomes dotted)
Add the names of the sides of the horizon to the diagram. Explain how the sides of the horizon are positioned relative to each other. Slide.(The names of the sides of the horizon appear when clicked.)
Card 2. Danya Kravchenko.
What is the name of the device for determining the sides of the horizon?
Name and show what parts it consists of. Explain and show how to use it. Slide. (Drawing of a compass, fuse, magnetic needle, body - click).
The rest of the children complete the teacher’s assignments in their notebooks.
Draw the traveler's route if 1 cell is the path that the traveler covers in 1 hour:
“The traveler left point A and walked north for two hours, then 2 hours to the west, 2 hours to the north and 2 hours to the east. Then he made a stop (point B on the diagram) and went further: 1 hour walked north, 1 hour to the east, 2 hours to the south and 3 hours to the east. Here he spent the night (point C). In the morning he went further: 1 hour to the north, 1 hour to the east, 4 hours to the south and 2 hours.
hours west. The traveler was tired and made a halt (point D). Then he went further: he walked north for 2 hours, west for 1 hour, south for 2 hours, west for 2 hours... And he returned home.
At the end of the work, there is a self-test, then those sitting at the same desk exchange notebooks. Mutual verification is carried out.
Check result:
Without errors – 23 people.
With 1-2 errors – 4 people. – error – 1 hour east and 3 hours east.
With 3 – 5 errors – 2 people. – error – 1 hour west and 2 hours west.
III. Statement of a problematic question.
(Vasya Krupyanko
Reads a poem)
My land is my land
Dear spaces!
My land, how great you are!
From border to border.
And a fast train straight ahead
It won't finish in a week.
There is a map in front of you. What is it called? (physical map of Russia.)
What can you tell us about this map? (The map shows oceans, seas, rivers, lakes in blue, plains in green, mountains in brown.)
What is shown in brown and green on a physical map? (Mountains, plains.)
What do you think the topic of the lesson will be? (mountains and plains.) Yes. The topic of the lesson is the basic forms of the earth. Slide.
What do you already know about these surfaces of the earth? (high mountains have snow on top of flat plains.)
What part of the earth's surface do you think is called a plain? (Smooth.)
Plain - a flat area of the earth's surface, occupying a large area and having slight differences in height. Slide.
The teacher shows a slide with a picture of "The Hilly and Flat Plains."
You see images of two plains, try to determine how they differ? (Height).
Plains are flat and hilly.
What do you see in the first picture? (Hilly plain.)
On the second? (Flat Plain).
Explain why the plains received such names? (A flat plain has a level surface; a hilly plain has hills.)
Open your textbooks to pages 92-93. What's in front of you? (physical map).
Find on the map all the plains on the territory of our country, name them. (East European, West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian Plateau.)
Test result: all the guys found the plains correctly. They checked the slide, and with a click the plains opened up.
Notice what color the plains are shown on the map. (Plains on the map are indicated in green or light yellow).
Why is the Central Siberian Plateau indicated on the map in yellow and green? (There are elevations).
The elevations on the plain are hills.
On the board are the words: top, slope, bottom. Read their words and tell me what they have to do with our topic? (A hill has a top, a slope, a bottom.
On p. 79, find out for yourself what the bottom, slope and top are. (Children find the answer themselves.)
What is a peak? sole? slope?
(The bottom (or foot) is the lowest part of the hill, this is the place where it begins; the top is the highest place. Between the top and the bottom is the slope. It can be flat and steep.)
IV. Work in a notebook.
- In your notebook on page 32, label the parts of the hill. Self-test. Peer review.
Children check each other's work and mark:
No errors - 5
One or two mistakes - 4
Three or four mistakes - 3
Test result: everyone completed the task except Nastya Sivak. There was a mistake in the name of a steep and a gentle slope - the names were mixed up.
V. Physical education minute.
VI. Continue learning new material.
We talked about elevations on plains - hills. But, in addition, on the plains there are depressions with steep slopes - these are ravines.
Egor Krygin will tell you how ravines are formed.
On the plains, people plow the land and plant crops. But sometimes on the plains there can be not only elevations, but also depressions. Such depressions are ravines.
"The formation of a ravine begins with a small pothole. Melt and rainwater wash it away, and the ravine gradually increases. Gullies can be shallow, several meters deep, and deep - several tens of meters. The bottom of the ravine is always narrower than its upper part. Along the bottom of the ravine there is often a river or stream flows. If a lot of grass and bushes grow along the edges of the ravine, then it turns into a swamp.
Gullies cause harm to humans because they destroy the top, fertile layer of soil. To combat the growth of ravines, people plant trees and shrubs along their edges. The roots of plants prevent the soil from deteriorating."
- A winding, sharp decline in terrain - what is it? Name which picture shows the ravine?
Guess the riddle.
In the hot summer I stand,
I get the winter out with a hat.
What do you think this is? (Mountain.)
That's right, it's a mountain.
What part of the earth's surface do you think is called a mountain? (Elevations.)
Mountains are very uneven areas of the earth's surface that rise greatly above the surrounding area.
On the tops of the mountains it is very cold and there is snow.
Every mountain, like a hill, has its own parts, try to name them. (The sole or foot, the slope and the top.)
Open physical card Russia in the textbook p. 92-93.
Find mountains on it. What color are the mountains on the map? (brown)
What mountains did you find on the map? (Ural and Caucasus Mountains.)
Have any of you been to the mountains?
The main mountain region of the Caucasus is the Greater Caucasus - a grandiose mountain rise consisting of numerous ridges. It stretches from northwest to southeast. Approaching the Caucasus Range from the north, another 200 kilometers away you see on the southern side of the horizon the outline of Elbrus, which turns white on a clear morning above the plain. The height of Elbrus is 8848 meters. This is the most high mountain.
The vegetation of the Caucasus Mountains is a complex world in which altitude plays a big role. Every 200 meters rise in the mountains means a drop in temperature by 1-2 degrees. Therefore, moving towards sky-high heights, we observe a rapid change in vegetation and finally find ourselves in an area of eternal snow, where frost and snowstorms are as fierce as in the Far North of our country.
The North Caucasus is one of the main resort centers in Russia. Anapa is the largest children's resort with a comfortable sandy beach.
Another largest resort is Caucasian Mineral Waters in the Stavropol region.
Pushkin was here twice. Lermontov was exiled here. Here, in Pyatigorsk, in 1841 he was killed in a duel. Many memorable places in Pyatigorsk are associated with this Russian poet.
Which mountain is the largest? (Elbrus.) Which famous writer visited the Caucasus? (Pushkin, Lermontov). The lowest part of the mountain - what is it?
Listen to a poem in which the poet describes the Caucasus.
Andrei Lysikov reads M. Lermontov's poem "To the Caucasus".
Greetings, gray Caucasus!
I am no stranger to your mountains.
And for a long time I dreamed from then on
All the sky of the south and the cliffs of the mountains.
You are beautiful, harsh land of freedom,
And you, eternal thrones of nature.
Ural Mountains have long been considered a natural border separating two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. These mountains are not high. only a few peaks reach one and a half thousand meters above water level.
Why the Ural Mountains are a natural border?
With these lyrical lines we will finish our acquaintance with the mountains.
VII. Lesson summary. Reflection
What forms of the earth's surface have you become familiar with? (Mountains and plains)
What types of plains are there? (Flat and hilly).
What shape of the earth's surface is called a hill? (elevations on the plain).
What shape of the earth's surface is called a ravine? (recesses with steep slopes).
What mountains of our country can you name? (Ural and Caucasian).
What plains do you know?
A diagram appears on the board. "Shapes of the Earth's Surface."
Everyone did a good job in the lesson.
Homework.
Label the hill and mountain on the diagram. Finish drawing up the diagram: indicate with arrows the parts of the hill and mountain.
Using the textbook map" The world around us 4th grade" fill out the table.
Height of Russian mountains
List the mountains in order of increasing height; in order of decreasing height. Ask your deskmate to check on you.
Make drawings showing the shapes of the earth's surface in your region, or place a photograph.
By using additional literature, Internet, prepare a message about any plains or mountains of Russia, your region (optional). Write down the basic information for your message. Please indicate the source of information.
West Siberian Plain
- the third largest after the Russian Plain in the world. Its area is about 2.6 million km2. From the harsh coast of the Kara Sea it stretches to the foothills of the mountains of Southern Siberia and the semi-deserts of Kazakhstan for 2500 km, and from the Urals to the Yenisei - for 1900 km.
Nowhere in the world can one find such a huge space with such a flat topography, seemingly sloping towards its center. Crossing the plain on a train from Tyumen to Novosibirsk, you see vast planes - not a hillock, not a ridge. This relief was formed by loose river sediments and ancient glacial sediments.
When the glacier retreated, the north of the plain was conquered by tundra and taiga, although previously there were broad-leaved forests inhabited by mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, and giant deer.
Minerals are very diverse. Oil and gas reserves in such fields as Urengoy, Yamburg, Medvezhye, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk make Western Siberia one of the world leaders. Its territory also contains 60% of Russia's total peat reserves. In the south of the plain there are rich salt deposits. Brown coal deposits are associated with ancient sedimentary rocks of Triassic and Jurassic age.
However, the main wealth of Western Siberia is oil and gas deposits. It has been established that this plain is a uniquely rich oil and gas province of the Earth.
The great wealth of Western Siberia is its water resources. In addition to surface water - rivers and lakes - huge reservoirs of groundwater have been found.
The biological resources of the tundra and forest-tundra - this seemingly sparse life zone - are of great economic importance. It produces a significant amount of fur and game, and there is a lot of fish in its rivers and lakes. In addition, the tundra is the main breeding area for reindeer. The taiga of Western Siberia has long been famous for its fur and timber production.
Source of information: V.P. Maksakovsky, I.I. Barnov, V.P. Dronov, V.Ya. Rom, N.N. Petrov "Geography".
Subject: Shapes of the earth's surface.
Target:
- give an initial idea of the relief of the Earth, know the shape of the surface of the native land;
- identify different surface shapes from a map;
- develop interest in the surrounding world;
- fostering respect for nature.
Lesson type: combined.
Scientific and methodological content of the lesson: The main landforms of the Earth: mountains, plains, ravines, hills. Differences between mountains and plains in height.
Leading concepts: mountains, plains, ravines, hills.
Equipment: presentation on the topic of the lesson, models of mountains and mountain systems, map of the Krasnodar region, globe.
Lesson progress
- Organizational moment.
- Lesson topic message
Today in the lesson we will talk about the surface shapes of our country, we will learn to find and distinguish them on the map.
(1 slide)
- Repetition of covered material
It will fall all over your palm.
There is not a clock, but a hand.
It will come in handy on the road -
You won't get lost anywhere with him.
- - What is this riddle about?
- - What is a compass? (2 slide)
- - Who uses it at work? (sailors, pilots, travelers, geologists, tourists)
- - Why do people use this device?
- - How does a compass work? Magnetic needle, housing, fuse.
- - By what signs can you navigate in nature? (3 slide)
- by spring melting of snow on the slopes of ravines;
- by melting snow on the roofs of houses;
- there are more mosses and lichens on the north side;
- free-standing trees have longer and denser branches on the south side.
4. Work on the topic of the lesson.
How many of you have ever walked up a hill for a long time?
- How did you feel?
You probably thought that there is nothing better than a flat surface of the earth, which is very convenient to walk on.
But in this case, we would not be able to live on such a flat planet, because... all the water would spread over the surface of the soil and you and I would end up at the bottom of the ocean more than two kilometers deep.
Therefore, it is better to leave it as it is: with mountains and plains, hills and ravines.
Look at the picture of sushi on globe.
Why is it full of different colors?( Land on the map is indicated by shades of green and brown.
- Think about what these colors mean.
- Compare images (4 slide)
- What surface shapes do you see?
- Try to explain what it is. - Why do you think? plain called the plain?
- Let's read about them in the textbook on page 76 (5 slide video about the formation of mountains, depressions, plains)
- What is a plain? (6 slide)
- What can you find on the plains? (hills and ravines)(7 slide)
Distinguish flat And hilly plains. On the map they are indicated in green and interspersed with light brown.
Open the map of Russia in the textbook on page 90
- Find the plains on the map. Name them.
The plains seem flat only at first glance (8 – 14 slides) – view slides of the plains.
Look at the territory of our region on the map (individual cards)+(15 slide)
- Are there any plains in our region? (Azovo - Kuban plain.)
Most of the territory of the region, located north of the Kuban River, is occupied by the Azov-Kuban Plain. (16 slide)
- How do you imagine a hill? (17 slide)
A hill is a small hill with a rounded top and gentle or steep slopes, not exceeding 200 meters above the surrounding area.
The picture shows a view of the area: a river, a bridge across it, a hill. An oak tree grows on the hill. (18 slide) - hilly terrain.
What do you think a ravine is? On the plains there are not only elevations, but also depressions. Such reductions are ravines. (19 slide)
- How are they formed?The formation of a ravine begins with a small pothole. Melt and rain waters wash it away, and the ravine gradually increases in size. Gullies can be shallow or they can be deep. A river or stream often flows along the bottom of a ravine. If there are a lot of grasses and bushes along the edges of the ravine, then it turns into a swamp.
A ravine is a deep elongated ravine with steep slopes, washed away by rain and snow waters.
Ravines bring harm to people, because... They destroy the top fertile layer of soil, roads and cities suffer from ravines.Find places on the map of Russia with a pronounced brown color.
- What do they mean?
- What are mountains?
(20 slide)
Mountains are areas of the earth's surface that rise greatly above the surrounding area. (21, 22, 23 slides) Mountains are high, medium high, low.
(24 slide)
The hill and mountain rise above the surrounding area. They have the same parts: foot, slope, top.
What is the difference between hills and mountains? (in height)
- Read the text on page 77. (under the picture)
- What is a sole? (read)
- What is a peak? (read)
- Open the map of Russia in the textbook on page 90
- Are there mountains in Russia? Name it. (Ural Mountains)
(25, 26, 27 slide)
- Look at the territory of our region on the map
(individual cards)+(28 slide)
- Are there mountains? (Caucasus Mountains)(29, 30, 31, 32 slide)
The main mountain region of the Caucasus is the Greater Caucasus (33 slide) A grandiose mountain uplift consisting of numerous ridges. Approaching the Caucasus Range another 200 km away, you see the outlines of Elbrus, (34, 35, 36 slide)
The height of Elbrus is 5642 meters. This is the highest mountain in Europe.
The Caucasus State Reserve is located on the northern and southern slopes of the Main Caucasus Range. (37 – 45 slide)
Its main goals are nature conservation, restoration of the number of valuable species of animals and birds.
For your homework, you will draw the mountains of our region; whoever remembers will sign their names.
5. Practical work
Open your workbooks to page 32, task number 2 - label the parts of the hill. Page 33. No. 3 Draw a mountain and write its parts.
Examination:(46 slide)
Show them on a model (mountain model).
6. Homework: in a printed notebook task No. 1, No. 4 p. 33, textbook p. 76-79 (explain)
7. Summary(47 slide)
Horizontal:
2. Large space of flat surface. (Plain)
4. The lowest part of the hill. (Sole)
Vertical:
1. An elevation more than 200 meters above the surrounding area. (Mountain)
3. The highest point of the hill (Vertex)
5. Winding, sharp decline in terrain (Ravine)
- Does anyone know the name of the highest mountain in the world?
Guys, we will climb to the highest peak on earth - beautiful and inaccessible mountain Everest and get the opportunity to look at our land from the “roof of the world”! (video clip)
Literature:
Used in the lesson:
fragment of videotape " National parks world" Reader's Digest; pictures, photographs from the electronic library visual aids"Geography 6-10".
