Kirill Orlovsky is the chairman of the collective farm. Hero of the USSR Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky (letter to Stalin)

Born into a peasant family. Participated in the First World War as a non-commissioned officer.

In June 1918, on instructions from the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that acted against German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919 he worked in the Bobruisk Cheka, then completed courses for command personnel. In 1920-1925 led partisan detachments in Western Belarus, which was part of Poland, through “active reconnaissance” Intelligence Agency Red Army. Under his leadership, dozens of military operations were carried out, as a result of which over 100 gendarmes and landowners were killed.

Later he graduated from the Communist University of National Minorities of the West named after Markhlevsky (1930).

In 1925-1937 he worked in the GPU (then NKVD) of Belarus, as head of the GULAG section for the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal, head of the section. In 1937-1938 he carried out combat missions during civil war in Spain, then worked in the NKVD of the USSR. In 1939-1940 he studied at the Agricultural Institute.

From October 1942 to August 1943 he successfully led a large partisan detachment “Falcons” operating in the Baranovichi region.

On February 17-18, 1943, a detachment under the command of K.P. Orlovsky (12 fighters) on one of the roads in the Baranovichi region made a daring raid on the convoy of the fascist General Commissioner of Belarus Vilighelm Kube; As a result of the raid, the fascist commissar of three regions of Belarus Friedrich Fens, SS Obergruppenführer Zacharius, as well as 10 officers and more than 30 soldiers were killed. Detachment of Orlovsky K.P. suffered no losses; Orlovsky himself K.P. was wounded and as a result lost both hands and lost 3/4 of his hearing. Orlovsky K.P. continued to lead the detachment until it was withdrawn to a safe place.

Hero Soviet Union(20 September 1943). Having lost the ability to personally actively participate in the work of state security bodies due to disability, Orlovsky K.P. addressed a personal letter to I.V. Stalin, in which he asked to be allowed to head one of the most destroyed collective farms in the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR and promised to revive it and make it a millionaire collective farm. In a letter to Orlovsky K.V. wrote:
Thanks to To the People's Commissar State Security Comrade Merkulov and the head of the 4th Directorate Comrade Sudoplatov, I live very well financially. Morally - bad.
The Lenin-Stalin Party raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; My physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the Lenin-Stalin party?
To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted as much time as possible to working on agricultural literature.
From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main work, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a closer look at this business and fell in love with it.
I used my stay at the Chkalov Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, to the fullest in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that could ensure the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:

1. From one hundred forage cows (in 1950), I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of the dairy breeding farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the fat content of milk.
2. Sow at least seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 obtain at least 20 centners of flax fiber per hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners from each hectare, provided that even in June - July of this year there is no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. In 1950, collective farm forces will plant an orchard on one hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that have been developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. The following buildings will be built before 1950:
1) shed for M-P farms No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) barn for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) barn for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) stable barn for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machinery, equipment and mineral fertilizer - 950 sq. m;
8) power station, with a mill and sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage facility for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) house for kindergarten- 180 sq. m;
16) barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick-lined walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the efforts of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a restroom and a small shed for the collective farmer’s livestock and poultry. The village will be a type of well-maintained, cultural village, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Simultaneously with organizational and economic work, I will have time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members in such a way that will allow me to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultural and devoted people to the Lenin-Stalin party.

Before writing this statement to you and taking on these obligations, I have thoroughly considered it many times, carefully weighed every step, every detail of this work, and have come to the deep conviction that I will carry out the above work for the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be exemplary. farming for collective farmers of Belarus. Therefore, I ask for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, to send me to this work and to provide the loan I requested.

If any questions arise regarding this application, please call me for an explanation.
Application:
1. Description of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
2. Topographic map indicating the location of the collective farm.
3. Estimate of the purchased loan.
Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944 Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, building No. 10a, apt. 46, tel. G-6-60-46"

Request from K.P. Orlovsky was satisfied by the Government of the USSR. Since January 1945 Orlovsky K.P. elected chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.

Under the leadership of Orlovsky K.P. The Rassvet collective farm became the first millionaire collective farm in the post-war USSR.

Died January 13, 1968. He was buried in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirov district, Mogilev region of Belarus.

Memory

He is the prototype of the main character of the film “The Chairman” and E. Hemingway’s story “For Whom the Bell Tolls” - Robert Jordan.
In his homeland there is a bronze bust of the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero Socialist Labor and the museum is open.
The streets of Belarusian cities are named after him - in Mogilev, Bobruisk and Kletsk.
The Rassvet collective farm and a school in Kirovsk are named after him.

Awards

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943, for the courage and courage shown in the fight against German fascist invaders, Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and medal " Gold Star"(No. 1720).
By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 18, 1958, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Five Orders of Lenin.
Order of the Red Banner.
Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
Medals.

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Thanks to the People's Commissar of State Security, Comrade Merkulov, and the Head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I live very well financially. Morally - bad.
The Lenin-Stalin Party raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; My physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the Lenin-Stalin party?
To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.

If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then I would have achieved the following indicators:

1. From one hundred forage cows (in 1950), I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of the dairy breeding farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the fat content of milk.
2. Sow at least seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 obtain at least 20 centners of flax fiber per hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners from each hectare, provided that even in June - July of this year there is no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. In 1950, collective farm forces will plant an orchard on one hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that have been developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. The following buildings will be built before 1950:
1) barn for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) barn for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) barn for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) stable barn for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machinery, equipment and mineral fertilizer - 950 sq. m;
8) power station, with a mill and sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage facility for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) house for kindergarten - 180 sq. m;
16) barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick-lined walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the efforts of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a restroom and a small shed for the collective farmer’s livestock and poultry. The village will be a type of well-maintained, cultural village, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

· 10/31/09

A copy of this statement addressed to Stalin was kept among the most secret documents special sector of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus. Neat typewritten text on six sheets of thin tissue paper. Two handwritten notes: “Copy” and “Archive.” Thanks to this last note, the statement was preserved and is now available in the National Archives. I wrote the statement on July 6, 1944, when Minsk was still smoking, offensive“Bagration” was still in full swing, Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, a legendary man in every sense.

The document is interesting in many respects.

First of all, this is a fairly detailed autobiography for a secret security officer-saboteur with a detailed description last fight in the Baranovichi region, when the partisans under the command of “Roman” - Kirill Orlovsky were waiting in ambush for the Gauleiter Kube himself (but he was not among those traveling along the road). During the battle, the partisan commander was seriously wounded, underwent a complex operation in the field and became disabled.

The statement testifies to the scrupulousness and thoroughness of the preparation of Hero of the Soviet Union Orlovsky for new job- chairman of the collective farm in his native Myshkovichi. And the request for help - a loan in “cash and goods terms” - was supported specific plan restoration of the collective farm, although the yield obligations for 1950 were clearly overestimated. Already in January 1945, Kirill Orlovsky became chairman of the Rassvet collective farm in the Kirov region.

July 27, 1944. Collection of collective farmers.

These are the kind of people they were, and I remember the textbook: “Yes, there were people in our time... Bogatyrs - not you...”

Moscow, Kremlin, Comrade Stalin.
From Hero of the Soviet Union
Lieutenant Colonel of State Security
Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich.

Statement

Dear Comrade Stalin!

Let me hold your attention for a few minutes and express to you my thoughts, feelings and aspirations.

I was born in 1895 in the village. Myshkovichi of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in the family of a middle peasant.

Until 1915 he worked and studied on his agriculture, in the village of Myshkovichi.

From 1915 - 1918 he served in tsarist army as the commander of a sapper platoon.

From 1918 to 1925 he worked behind the lines of the German occupiers, Belopoles and Belolitovos as a commander partisan detachments and sabotage groups. At the same time, he fought for four months in Western Front against the White Poles, for two months against the troops of General Yudenich, and for eight months he studied in Moscow at the 1st Moscow Infantry Command Course.

From 1925 to 1930 he studied in Moscow at the Komvuz of the Peoples of the West.

From 1930 to 1936 he worked in a special group of the NKVD of the USSR for the selection and training of sabotage and partisan personnel in the event of war with the Nazi invaders in Belarus.

In 1936 he worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as a construction site manager.

Throughout 1937 he was on a business trip to Spain, where he fought in the rear fascist troops as commander of a sabotage-partisan group.

1939 - 1940 he worked and studied at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute.

In 1941, he was on a special mission in Western China, from where, at his personal request, he was recalled and sent to the deep rear of the German invaders as the commander of a reconnaissance and sabotage group.

Thus, from 1918 to 1943, I was lucky enough to work for 8 years behind enemy lines of the USSR as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and state border over 70 times, carry out government tasks, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union as if in war , and in peacetime, for which the Government of the USSR awarded me two Orders of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Member of the CPSU(b) since 1918. I have no party penalties.

17/II–43, along one of the roads of the Baranovichi region, Wilhelm Kube (Commissar General of Belarus), Friedrich Fens (commissar of three regions of Belarus), Obergruppenführer Zacharius, 10 officers and 40 - 50 of their guards will travel on carts.

At this time, I had only 12 of my soldiers with me, armed with one light machine gun, seven machine guns and three rifles. During the day, in an open area, on the road, it was quite risky to attack the enemy, but it was not in my nature to let a large fascist reptile pass by, and therefore, even before dawn, I brought my fighters in white camouflage robes to the road itself, put them in a chain and camouflaged them in snow pits 20 meters from the road along which the enemy was supposed to pass.

For twelve hours in the snow pits, my comrades and I had to lie and wait patiently...

At six o'clock in the evening, enemy transport appeared from behind the hill and when the carts reached our chain, at my signal our machine-gun fire was opened, as a result of which Friedrich Fens, 8 officers, Zacharius and more than 30 guards were killed.

My comrades calmly took all the fascist weapons and documents, took off their best clothes and went into the forest in an organized manner, to their base.

There were no casualties on our side. In this battle I was seriously wounded and shell-shocked, as a result of which my right hand up to the shoulder, on the left - 4 fingers and the auditory nerve is damaged by 50 - 60%. There, in the forests of the Baranovichi region, I became physically stronger and in August 1943 I was summoned to Moscow by radiogram.

Thanks to the People's Commissar of State Security, Comrade Merkulov, and the Head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I live very well financially. Morally - bad.

The Lenin-Stalin Party raised me to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; My physical disabilities (loss of arms and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the Lenin-Stalin party?

To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge to still be useful in peaceful work.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted as much time as possible to working on agricultural literature.

From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main work, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, took a closer look at this business and fell in love with it.

1955 Meeting of the foreign delegation at the Rassvet collective farm. Kirill Orlovsky is on the left.

I used my stay at the Chkalov Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, to the fullest in obtaining such an amount of knowledge that could ensure the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

If the USSR Government had issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then in my homeland, in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirov district, Mogilev region, on the collective farm "Red Partisan" the following indicators:

From one hundred forage cows (in 1950), I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each forage cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of the dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the fat content of milk.

Sow at least seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 obtain at least 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.

Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners from each hectare, provided that even in June - July of this year there is no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.

In 1950, collective farm forces will plant an orchard on one hundred hectares in accordance with all agrotechnical rules that have been developed by agrotechnical science.

By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 ornamental trees will be planted.

By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.

The following buildings will be built before 1950:

1) barn for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;

2) barn for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;

3) barn for young cattle No. 1 - 620 sq. m;

4) barn for young cattle No. 2 - 620 sq. m;

5) barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;

6) granary for 950 tons of grain;

7) shed for storing agricultural machinery, equipment and mineral fertilizer - 950 sq. m;

8) power station, with a mill and sawmill - 300 sq. m;

9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;

10) garage for 7 cars;

11) petrol storage facility for 100 tons of fuel and lubricants;

12) bakery - 75 sq. m;

13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;

14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;

15) house for kindergarten - 180 sq. m;

16) barn for storing sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;

17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;

18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;

19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;

20) silo pits with brick-lined walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;

21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;

22) by the efforts of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a restroom and a small barn for the collective farmer’s livestock and poultry. The village will be a type of well-maintained, cultural village, surrounded by fruit and ornamental trees;

23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, the same collective farm in 1950 could achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Simultaneously with organizational and economic work, I will have time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members, which will allow me to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultural and loyal people to the Lenin-Stalin party.

If any questions arise regarding this application, please call me for an explanation.

Application:

Description of the collective farm “Red Partisan” in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.

Topographic map indicating the location of the collective farm.

Purchased loan estimate.

Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944
Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, house No. 10a, apt. 46, tel. G–6–60–46.”

P.S. And the battles were still going on near Slonim, Baranovichi, and the Wehrmacht was still full of strength. And in Berlin they discussed plans for a counterattack from East Prussia in the direction Grodno - Minsk. Stalin granted Kirill Orlovsky's request. Ten years later the entire Union learned about the collective farm “Rassvet”...

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky is the prototype of the main character of the film “The Chairman” and E. Hemingway’s story “For Whom the Bell Tolls” - Robert Jordan. In his homeland, a bronze bust of the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor was installed and a museum was opened. The streets of several cities in Belarus are named after him.