Pavel Grigorievich Lyubomirov was born in 1885 in the village of Kulikovka, Volsky district, Saratov province, into the family of a priest.
In 1904, Pavel was expelled from the seminary for conducting revolutionary propaganda and participating in a strike. Only the revolution of 1905 allowed Lyubomirov to enter St. Petersburg University. We can say that the revolution made a learned historian out of the ex-seminar student. One of Lyubomirov’s teachers was the outstanding Russian historian Professor S.F. Platonov. Under his leadership and influence, Lyubomirov begins work on one of the subjects of the history of Russia during the “Time of Troubles” - the Nizhny Novgorod militia of 1611-1613.
Later facts about Lyubomirov’s biography, his scientific activity under the pen of “scientists” interested in robbing the Russian people of their history, they turned into incriminating evidence of their “monarchism”, “God-seeking”, etc. The adherents of pseudo-Marxism and barracks socialism would later remember him a lot: the fact that work on his master’s thesis on the above-mentioned topic coincided with the celebration of the three-hundredth anniversary of the accession of the Romanov dynasty, and the book came out of print on the eve of October... In the biography of Lyubomirov, the vigilant eye of informers from science finds a lot of “evidence”. What, for example, did he do while in Tomsk in 1918-1920? Try to explain to dogmatists with a party card in their pocket that when leaving for Tomsk, he could not have foreseen the beginning civil war and that he will find himself in the position of an “internal” emigrant. By the way, during his stay in the territory occupied by Kolchak’s troops, Lyubomirov continued to study the history of Siberia. In Tomsk, the Provisional Siberian Government allowed Lyubomirov to inspect the archives to determine their safety. First of all, it was planned to inspect the archives of the former gendarmerie department, the office of the governor and the provincial government.
Lyubomirov continues to work in the archives of Tomsk even under Soviet power. For some time he served as head of the archive department of Tomsk. To get acquainted with the organization of the archival case, Lyubomirov was sent to Moscow, Petrograd and Saratov for three months, from May 15 to August 15, 1920. At the same time, he was instructed to begin searching in these archives for materials related to the study of Siberia. In Tomsk, the Society of Ethnography, History and Archeology, of which Lyubomirov was an active member, did not cease its activities.
Reflecting on the plots of the history of the Nizhny Novgorod militia, Lyubomirov could not help but come to the conclusion: one of the facts that determined the resilience of the Russian people in the face of difficult trials was patriotism, a feeling of love for the Motherland, for the Motherland large and small, for the place where he was born and raised .
In 1920, Lyubomirov became a professor of Russian history at Saratov State University.
Even before the Great October Revolution, he was accepted as a member of the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission. Upon arrival in Saratov, he was actively involved in the activities of the successors of the commission: the Lower Volga Institute of Local History named after M. Gorky and the Saratov Society for the History of Archeology and Ethnography. December 21, 1921 Lyubomirov speaks at a meeting of the commission with a report “The development of eastern trade of Rus' in the second half of the 16th century and the founding of the Lower Volga cities” .
It is generally accepted that after the revolution, Lyubomirov’s sphere of primary interests became economic history. This is not entirely true, although it was in the mid-twenties that he intensively studied archival materials and other sources on the economic geography of Russia. “...I was attracted by the opportunity to try to give, so to speak, economic geography Russia at certain moments of the 18th century, highlighting the characteristics of individual economic regions. Such, in my opinion, moments are the beginning and end of the reign of Catherine II. From the 1760s to the start of Catherine’s wars, it is possible to summarize in the overall picture the results of the generally peaceful period of life in Russia within the borders of the same territory, for 30-35 years after Peter’s reforms, and at the same time clarify the basis of the great power policy of the times Catherine II. The characteristics of Russia in 1790 would allow, in comparison with the data of 1760, to outline some evolution of economic life over the 30-35 years of the new period, energetic foreign policy and significant internal reforms".
Lyubomirov set an extremely difficult task for one person: not only to trace the development of the economy of the entire vast Russia, but also to connect this development with political events not only within the country, but outside its borders. The above quote is taken from Lyubomirov’s report on his four-month trip to Leningrad to work in the archives. It would seem that the task is to trace only one thing economic development over the course of a century has been extremely complex. But Lyubomirov believes that the materials available in the archives make it possible to characterize the socio-economic development of Russia before 1917. A truly titanic, but extremely interesting task!
However, this is not enough for Lyubomirov. During his business trip, he also studied some journalistic works from the time of Sofia Alekseevna, whose reign had long occupied him. He studies data on the cargo turnover of the Volga piers, including the Lower Volga region, during the period of development of steamship traffic. This breadth and abundance of interests of the scientist obviously has one explanation: he, like his contemporaries and students, sought not only to describe the event, but also to get to the bottom of its causes, to understand and explain history in the interrelation of facts and phenomena. Thus, not being a Marxist by upbringing and education, Lyubomirov, and many other historians of the so-called bourgeois school, spontaneously came to Marxism and fulfilled its requirements: historicism, establishing connections between facts and phenomena. A fundamental and versatile source study training and general culture allowed historians like Lyubomirov to often give very correct assessments of events and phenomena.
Recognizing the basic role of economics in the life of society, Lyubomirov understood the enormous role of spiritual factors. He collects materials and writes a book about the Old Believers. In Yaksanov's publishing house he published a book in 1924 “Vygov hostel (Old Believers of the Pomeranian consent)” . He is going to write a book about the Old Believers of the Saratov province. Why is he fascinated by this topic? In the life of the Old Believers, Lyubomirov saw examples of the spirituality that creates personality. At the same time, in the Old Believers communities he found examples of the organization of collectivist communal living. Later, accusations against Lyubomirov of satisfying the social order of the counter-revolution and of “Ustryalovism” will be based on the fact that he “he considered the spiritual capabilities of the Russian people from the point of view of the achievements of the Old Believers”. Lyubomirov really calls for admiration for the spiritual fortitude of the Old Believers, but does not at all idealize their way of life. Materials he copied from the documents of A.I.’s expedition. Artemyev, devoted largely to the study of the Old Believers of the Saratov province, testify to Lyubomirov’s desire to comprehensively cover this issue. But the very interest in the forms of ideology independent of the state, in the Old Believers as attempts by the people themselves to organize their lives according to the customs of antiquity at a time when a rigid administrative system for leading the people was taking shape, was an indicator of Lyubomirov’s courage. Such courage could not but cause discontent on the part of the adherents of the Marxist-Leninist dogmatic “orthodoxy.”
Lyubomirov would remember all this later. Now, in 1924, the work dedicated to the Old Believers can be considered almost opportunistic. In the same year, the XIII Party Congress was held, which examined the attitude towards sectarians in some detail. Indeed, all representatives of non-Orthodox Orthodoxy were persecuted in pre-revolutionary times, that is, they seemed to act as fighters against autocracy. It was later that posters “Sectarian - kulak parsley”, etc. appeared. For now, the slogans “Facing the Village” and “Get Rich” are still in force. And among the Old Believers-peasants there were many strong owners who were enrolled in the kulaks at the end of the twenties.
But, of course, Lyubomirov was not driven by opportunistic considerations when he wrote his book. Most likely, his interest in the Old Believers is akin to the interest of an ethnographer studying the life of peoples who have preserved elements ancient culture, customs of antiquity; this is an opportunity to come into contact with the remnants of the morals and customs of pre-Petrine Rus'.
Like most major scientists, Lyubomirov had a circle of students and followers who continued the research he had begun or who discovered their own horizons and layers of Russian history. Among his students are: famous historians, like E.N. Kusheva and E. Podyapolskaya. Many of the graduates of the pedagogical department of Saratov University, who went to different places in the Saratov region, write letters to Lyubomirov and talk about their difficult life as a teacher. And in such conditions, when there is a shortage of not only textbooks, but often also bread, Lyubomirov’s students try to carry out scientific and local history work.
On April 9, 1929, Lyubomirov was elected a full member of the archaeographic commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The chairman of this commission for many years was Professor S.F. Platonov. And in November of the same year, the so-called “case” of Academician Platonov began to unfold. Many Russian historians and linguists were involved in the whirlpool of this “case”. In total, 115 people were involved in the Platonov-Bogoslovsky case. The political accusations were joined at the end of 1930 by ideological and, so to speak, methodological ones. It is here that the student and, to some extent, follower of S.F. falls under the fire of the latter. Platonova P.G. Lyubomirov. The beginning of the ideological substantiation of accusations against a group of major historians of the “bourgeois” school had been made. On October 10, 1930, at a joint meeting of the section of industrial capitalism of the Institute of History of the Communist Academy and the Society of Marxist Historians, where with a report “Great Russian bourgeois historiography last decade” S.A. spoke Piontkovsky, who sharply criticized the work of S.V. Bakhrushina, R.Yu. Vippera, Yu.V. Gauthier, A.A. Kiesewetter, S.F. Platonova, M.K. Lyubavsky, P.G. Lyubomirov and some other historians. They were all accused of protecting the interests of owners. Piontkovsky called the scientists’ work “the last spasms of a dead man.” “Our task, he stated, is to help them die as quickly as possible, to die without a trace or residue.”.
After such an “introductory” speech, pogroms of old-school historians swept through the country’s universities. They did not pass by Saratov University either. The struggle for “new” personnel resulted in the destruction of the old professorship. On April 7, 1931, in the university newspaper “For Proletarian Cadres”, above the general heading “Let’s defeat the agents of the class enemy,” G. Meyerson’s article “A Monarchist in the Mask of Loyalty” was published, dedicated to scientific, teaching and social activities P.G. Lyubomirova. In this article, written in a cheeky, mocking manner, Meyerson tries to label Lyubomirov a “monarchist” and an “agent of the priests.” Remembering the works of Lyubomirov of the pre-revolutionary period, those same “Essays on the history of the Nizhny Novgorod militia” , which became Lyubomirov’s master’s thesis, Meerson asserts: even after the revolution Lyubomirov did not abandon his monarchist beliefs... “The facts indicate that neither the February nor October Revolution The professors have not taught anything, he remains in his previous positions, in the positions of the “Nizhny Novgorod feat.” Professor Lyubomirov himself at the beginning of 1921 was an admirer of Pozharsky’s counter-revolutionary feat.”. This is how the zealot of the “purity” of the class approach mocks the venerable professor, while simultaneously mocking the glorious pages of the history of the Russian people.
A special area of accusations against Lyubomirov for monarchism was the latter’s activities in the Saratov Scientific Archival Commission. Under the tsarist regime, Meerson writes, this commission was a nest of monarchists, was closely connected with the landowners of the Saratov province and was under the august patronage of the Grand Dukes, enjoying the favor of the Sovereign himself. The monarchism of the commission in 1917 was allegedly manifested in the fact that it sent the chairman of the Historical Society, which was liquidated at that time, Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, the former chairman of the society, a photograph of the commission members.
For Meyerson, the basis for accusing Lyubomirov of promoting religion was the aforementioned book about the Old Believers. “The text of this book gives no reason to think about the spiritual point of view of its author, but at the same time it clearly states that this book is a work on a specific social order, on the order of those for whom the propaganda of the ideas of the Old Believers had political significance.”.
Lyubomirov had to justify himself before a meeting of students and teachers, humiliate himself, proving that he did not deny Marxism and used the works of M.N. in teaching. Pokrovsky. But in vain! The same Meyerson writes: “The latest statements by Prof. Lyubomirov's statements that he is decisively rebuilding have no value. Moreover, these statements are limited only to questions of methodology. It’s a bit late, Professor Lyubomirov, you are changing your mind. Rebuild in freedom, outside the walls of a proletarian university. We will train new personnel for socialist construction better without you than with you.”.
Organizational conclusions followed quickly. In May 1931, Lyubomirov was removed from heading the department, and in July of the same year - from teaching at the university. The natural conclusion of the campaign of persecution and “exposure” was the search and arrest of Lyubomirov on November 2, 1931.
His friends and comrades in revolutionary work stood up for Lyubomirov. Sometimes such intercession brought positive results. G.I. is interceding for Lyubomirov. Oppokov (Lomov), himself subsequently repressed: “I personally worked with Lyubomirov in the revolutionary circles of Saratov, starting in 1902. Although not a consistent Marxist before the revolution of 1917, he was always a revolutionary, helped in the work... He is undoubtedly a major scientist who studies mainly economy Russia XVIII century. I understand the motives for his removal from the pulpit as a non-Marxist, but a person cannot be accused of monarchism and clericalism and other things.”.
Obviously, these true opinions had their effect. Pavel Grigorievich was released, but he was no longer able to work at Saratov University. Lyubomirov leaves Saratov forever: he moves to Moscow, where he works at the State Historical Museum almost until his death in 1935.
Materials used: - Kurenyshev A. “Exposure” of Professor Lyubomirov. - Years and people. Issue 7. - Saratov: Regional Volga Publishing House "Children's Book", 1992.
Lyubomirov Pavel Grigorievich Lyubomirov Pavel Grigorievich, Soviet historian. In 1910 he graduated from St. Petersburg University; in 1915–17, private assistant professor at the university. In 1920–30, professor and head of the department of Russian history at Saratov University. In 1932–35 he worked in scientific institutions and universities in Moscow (State Historical Museum, Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History, Historical and Archival Institute). The main area of research is the socio-economic history of Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries. L.'s works on the history of Russian industry of the 17th - early 19th centuries and the monographic article “Serf Russia of the 17th and 18th centuries” (“ Encyclopedic Dictionary└Garnet”, volume 36, c. 3) contain extensive factual material for studying the genesis of capitalism in Russia. A number of L.’s works are devoted to Russian social thought of the 18th century (A. N. Radishchev, M. M. Shcherbatov), the schism and the Old Believers.
Works: Essay on the history of the Nizhny Novgorod militia of 1611‒1613, M., 1939; Essays on the history of Russian industry of the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries, M., 1947.
Lit.: Essays on history historical science in the USSR, vol. 3, M., 1963.
Big Soviet encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what “Lyubomirov Pavel Grigorievich” is in other dictionaries:
- (1885 1935) Russian historian, professor. Works and publications on the history of intervention in 1611 13, social economic history Russia 17-18 centuries, Nizhny Novgorod Volga region... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1885 1935), historian, professor. He worked in scientific institutions and universities in Petrograd and Moscow. Works and publications on the history of intervention in 1611 13, socio-economic history of Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries, and the Lower Volga region. * * * LYUBOMIROV Pavel… … Encyclopedic Dictionary
Genus. 1885, d. 1935. Historian, specialist in the history of intervention in 1611 13, socio-economic history of Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries, Nizhny Novgorod. Volga region... Large biographical encyclopedia
Pavel Grigorievich, Soviet historian. In 1910 he graduated from St. Petersburg University; in 1915 17 private associate professor of the university. In 1920 30, professor and head of the department of Russian... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Pavel Grigorievich (22.VIII.1885 7.XII.1935) sov. historian. In 1910 he graduated from St. Petersburg. University of T. In 1915 17 privat associate professor Petersburg. University, in 1917 he defended his master's thesis. Essay on the history of the Nizhny Novgorod militia of 1611-13. (P., 1917, reprinted with appendix., M.,... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia
Lyubomirov P. G.- LYUBOMIROV Pavel Grigorievich (1885-1935), historian. Worked in universities and scientific. institutions in St. Petersburg, Saratov, Moscow. Works and publications on the history of intervention in 161113, social. econ. history of Russia 17-18 centuries, Nizhny. Volga region; rus... ... Biographical Dictionary
This article should be Wikified. Please format it according to the article formatting rules. Below is a list famous teachers and professors of the Faculty of History of St. Petersburg State University, Leningrad State University and the Department of Russian History of the Imperial ... Wikipedia
Childhood, student years
Father P.G. Lyubomirova was a priest in a local village and a teacher at the Ivanovo two-year school. Mother was born into the family of a priest and belonged to the hereditary honorary citizens of the Saratov province. In 1902 P.G. Lyubomirov entered the Saratov Theological Seminary. In 1904, he was expelled from the seminary for participating in one of the revolutionary circles in Saratov without the right to enter higher education. educational institution. In 1905 - 1907 participated in the events of the First Russian Revolution. In 1906, having received permission from the Ministry of Public Education, he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University and graduated in 1911. Among his university teachers were professors A.S. Lappo-Danilevsky, S.F. Platonov, A.V. Presnyakov.
From professorial fellow to professor
After graduating from university (1911) P.G. Lyubomirov was left at St. Petersburg University to prepare for a professorship. Since October 4, 1911 - full member of the Saratov Provincial Scientific Archival Commission. Since July 1, 1915 – private associate professor of the department of Russian history, Faculty of History and Philology, St. Petersburg University. Part-time from 1915 to 1917. taught at the Pokrovskaya gymnasium, at the women's gymnasium of Prince Obolensky in Petrograd and at Higher courses them. P.F. Lesgafta. On December 10, 1917, he defended his dissertation “Essay on the history of the Nizhny Novgorod militia of 1611-1613” at Petrograd University. for a master's degree in Russian history. From 1917 - extraordinary professor, then from May 27, 1918 - ordinary professor of the Department of Russian History, Faculty of History and Philology, Tomsk University. In January 1919, he took part in the creation as chairman of the Congress on the organization of the Institute for the Study of Siberia. He headed the section of history, archeology and ethnography of the Institute for the Study of Siberia, at a meeting of which P.G. Lyubomirov in his report “Organization of the Historical and Ethnological Department of the Institute for the Study of Siberia” formulated a program for ethnological research of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. He was a member of the library commission of the Institute for the Study of Siberia.
On instructions from the Provisional Siberian Government P.G. Lyubomirov together with E.V. Dilem was inspecting and disassembling Tomsk archives to determine their safety. While working at Tomsk University, he lectured students on Russian history. In 1920 – 1930 – Head of the Department of Russian History at Saratov University. Part-time teacher at the Institute national economy and the Institute of Public Education. In the mid-1920s. with the beginning of persecution of the old professorship by representatives of the school M.N. Pokrovsky P.G. Lyubomirov has repeatedly been subjected to criticism and unfounded political accusations. In this regard, he was forced to leave Saratov for Moscow (1930). Since 1931 - ordinary employee of the State historical museum. He worked part-time at the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History, the Orekhovo-Zuevsky Pedagogical Institute and the Historical and Archival Institute.
Scientific and organizational activities
Cover of the monograph by P.G. Lyubomirov “Essay on the history of the Nizhny Novgorod militia (1611-1613).”
Main area of research of P.G. Lyubomirov - socio-economic history of Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries. and especially the history of Russian industry of the 17th – early 19th centuries. The focus is on P.G. Lyubomirov addressed issues of the economic and socio-political history of Russia in the 17th–18th centuries. Research by P.G. Lyubomirov was introduced important contribution in the study of industrial development in Russia. After 1917, he began researching the history of Russian social thought of the 18th century, in particular, the figures of M.M. Shcherbatova and A.N. Radishcheva. In the 1920s published a series of works on the history and economics of the Lower Volga region. Most of his works contain extensive factual material and observations that contributed to the study of the genesis of capitalism in Russia. Some studies by P.G. Lyubomirov are dedicated to Russian social thought of the 18th century, schism and Old Believers. In total, he wrote about 50 scientific works, some of which were published posthumously. Among his students were such famous historians as E.N. Kusheva and E. Podyapolskaya. Full member of the archaeographic commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Organizer of the historical circle at the Saratov Society of Local History.
Proceedings
- The Legend of Elder David Khvostov // Journal of the Ministry of Public Education. 1911. No. 12;
- Essay on the history of the Nizhny Novgorod militia 1611 - 1613. // Notes of the Historical and Philological Faculty of Petrograd University. 1917. Part 141;
- Essay on the history of the Nizhny Novgorod militia 1611 - 1613. Petrograd, 1917;
- Trade connections Ancient Rus' with the East // Scientific notes of Saratov University. 1923. T. 1. Issue. 3;
- Vygovskoe hostel. Historical sketch. Saratov, 1924;
- About the settlement of the Astrakhan province in the 18th century. // Our region. 1926. No. 4;
- About the culture of spelled in Russia until the middle of the 18th century // Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and selection. 1928. T. XVIII. Vol. 1;
- Economy of the Lower Volga region at the beginning of the 19th century. Saratov, 1928;
- Serf Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries. // Encyclopedic Dictionary Pomegranate. M.: Russian Bibliographic Institute Granat, 1929. T. 36;
- Silk weaving industry in Russia in the middle of the 18th century. // Scientific notes of the Faculty of Education. 1929. T. VII. Vol. 3;
- Initial moments in the history of the cotton industry in Russia // Historical collection. T. 5. M.-L., 1936;
- Essays on the history of the metallurgical and metalworking industry in Russia (XVII, XVIII and early XIX centuries). Geographical location of the metal industry. L., 1937;
- Essays on the history of Russian industry in the 17th, 18th and early centuries. XIX centuries M., 1947.
Sources and literature
- Archive of the Museum of History of St. Petersburg State University. F. Faculties and departments. Faculty of History and Philology. List of professors and teachers of the Faculty of History and Philology. L. 32 – 33;
- GATO. F. 102. From. 1. D.L. 3 – 3 rev;
- Soviet historical encyclopedia. M., 1965. T. 8;
- Siberian life. 1917. October 31;
- Kazarin A. P. G. Lyubomirov as a historian of Russian industry. M., 1948;
- Saratov University. 1909-1959. Saratov, 1959;
- Kusheva E.N. P.G. Lyubomirov at Saratov University. Pages of memories // Historiographic collection. Saratov, 1991. Issue. 15;
- Professors of Tomsk University: Biographical Dictionary / Ed. ed. S.F. Fominykh. Tomsk: Tomsk University Publishing House, 1996. Vol. 1: 1888–1917;
- Vernadsky G.V. Russian historiography. M., 2000;
- Kurenyshev A.A. The fate of a historian. P.G. Lyubomirov. 1885–1935 // Historiographic collection. 2001. Issue. 19;
- Encyclopedia of the Saratov region. Saratov, 2002;
- Solomonov V.A. Historian – suffering: P.G. Lyubomirov // Historian and power: Soviet historians Stalin era. Saratov, 2006;
- Nekrylov S.A. Tomsk University is the first scientific center in the Asian part of Russia (mid-1870s - 1919). T. 1 / ed.: Fominykh S.F. Tomsk: Publishing house Tomsk University, 2010;
- Nekrylov S.A. Tomsk University is the first scientific center in the Asian part of Russia (mid-1870s - 1919). T. 2 / ed.: Fominykh S.F. Tomsk: Tomsk University Publishing House, 2011;
- Lyubomirov Pavel Grigorievich (1885-1835) [ Electronic resource] : Library: Joseph Kulischer. History of the Russian national economy // History of the state. M., 2009. http://bioslovhist.history.spbu.ru/component/fabrik/details/1/473.html (access date: 08/07/2014);
- Lyubomirov Pavel Grigorievich [Electronic resource]: Dictionary of professors and teachers of St. Petersburg University 1819-1917 // St. Petersburg state university. Biography of St. Petersburg State University. St. Petersburg, 2014. http://bioslovhist.history.spbu.ru/component/fabrik/details/1/473.html (access date: 08/07/2014).
Op.: Family-work ethics and differentiation of the peasantry in Russia at the dawn of commodity farming // On Agrarian Science. front. 1925. No. 3; On the question of the methodology for studying the differentiation of peasant farms // Planning economy. M., 1925. No. 9; Early bourgeois revolution in Russia (Pugachevshchina) // Vestn. Communist. academy. 1925. Book. 13; Family-labor theory and differentiation of the peasantry in Russia. M., 1926; Relocation of local centers of agricultural input production in economic history Ancient Russia// Scientist zap. Sarat. un-ta. 1926. T. 5, issue. 2; People of “free pure science” with a feudal-monarchical passport // On cultural issues. front. 1931. No. 5–6.
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