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Population: 3.2 million people. Produced 25% of all heavy engineering products and a third of electrical industry products. There were 333 large industrial enterprises, as well as a large number of plants and factories of local industry and artels. 75% of the output was in the defense complex. Scientific and technical potential: 130 research institutes and design bureaus, 60 higher educational institutions and 106 technical schools.
Pre-war Leningrad

With the capture of Leningrad, the German command could resolve a number of important tasks, namely: 1. master a powerful economic base Soviet Union, which before the war provided about 12% of all-Union industrial output; 2.capture or destroy the Baltic Navy, as well as the huge merchant fleet; 3. to secure the left flank of the GA “Center”, which is leading the attack on Moscow, and 4. to release large forces of the GA “North” 4. to consolidate its dominance in the Baltic Sea and secure the supply of ore from the ports of Norway for German industry
...The Fuhrer decided to wipe out the city of Leningrad from the face of the earth. After defeat Soviet Russia, the continued existence of this largest settlement is of no interest... From the directive of the Chief of Staff naval forces Germany No. 1601 dated September 22, 1941 “The Future of the City of St. Petersburg.”
Goals of the German command.

The evacuation of city residents began already on June 29, 1941 (the first trains) and was of an organized nature. The first wave of evacuation (06/29/08/27/1941) During this period, 488,703 people were taken out of the city, of which 219,691 were children (395,091 were taken out, but subsequently 175,000 were returned) and 164,320 workers and employees were evacuated along with enterprises . Second wave of evacuation (September 1941-April 1942). About 659 thousand people were taken out of the city, mainly along the “Road of Life” across Lake Ladoga. The third wave of evacuation (May-October 1942). 403 thousand people were taken out. IN TOTAL, during the blockade, 1.5 million people were evacuated from the city. By October 1942, the evacuation was completed.
Evacuation of residents
Evacuation. Leningraders boarding the ship. 1942
Evacuation of people from besieged Leningrad by truck along the “Road of Life.” 1941

From a girl's diary: December 28, 1941. Zhenya died at 12 o'clock in the morning. Grandmother died on January 25, 1942, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Leka died on March 17 at 5 am in 1942. Uncle Vasya died on April 13 at 2 am. Uncle Lyosha May 10 at 4 pm. Mom - May 13 at 730 am 1942. The Savichevs died. Everyone died. Tanya is the only one left.
Tanya Savicheva lived with a Leningrad family. The war began, then the blockade. Before Tanya’s eyes, her grandmother, two uncles, mother, brother and sister died. When the evacuation of children began, the girl was taken out along the “Road of Life” to “ Mainland" Doctors fought for her life, but medical care came too late. Tanya Savicheva died from exhaustion and illness.
Diary of Tanya Savicheva

In Leningrad there was the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing, which had and still has a gigantic seed fund. Of the entire breeding fund of the Leningrad Institute, which contained several tons of unique grain crops, not a single grain was touched. 28 employees of the institute died of hunger, but saved materials that could help post-war reconstruction agriculture.
Institute of Plant Science Foundation

The Pavlovsk Palace was destroyed and burned down, in the park of which about 70,000 trees were cut down. The famous Amber Room, gifted to Peter I by the King of Prussia, was taken away entirely by the Germans, and its fate remained unknown. The now restored Feodorovsky Sovereign Cathedral has been turned into ruins. Also, during the retreat of the Germans, the Great Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye Selo, in which the Germans had built an infirmary, burned down. The cemetery of the Holy Trinity Primorsky Men's Hermitage, considered one of the most beautiful in Europe, was almost completely destroyed, where many St. Petersburg residents were buried, whose names went down in the history of the state.
Damage to cultural monuments
Fedorovsky Sovereign Cathedral.
Grand Catherine Palace

On March 19, 1942, the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council adopted a regulation “On personal consumer gardens of workers and their associations,” providing for the development of personal consumer gardening both in the city itself and in the suburbs. In addition to individual gardening itself, subsidiary farms were created at enterprises.
Organization of subsidiary farms.
Harvesting cabbage near St. Isaac's Cathedral in Leningrad. 1942
In total, in the spring of 1942, 633 subsidiary farms and 1,468 associations of gardeners were created; the total gross harvest from state farms, individual gardening and subsidiary plots for 1942 amounted to 77 thousand tons.
Women cultivate the land for a vegetable garden on the square in front of St. Isaac's Cathedral in Leningrad.

Category of the population supplied (in grams) Category of the population supplied (in grams) Category of the population supplied (in grams) Category of the population supplied (in grams) Category of the population supplied (in grams)
Date of establishment of the standard Workers of hot shops Workers and technical personnel Employees Dependents Children under 12 years of age
July 16, 1941 1000 800 600 400 400
November 20, 1941 375 250 125 125 125
February 23, 1943 700 600 500 400 400
In September 1941, bread was prepared from a mixture of rye, oatmeal, barley, soy and malt flour, then flaxseed cake and bran, cotton cake, wallpaper dust, flour broom, and shakes from bags of corn and rye flour were added to this mixture at different times. To enrich the bread with vitamins and beneficial microelements, flour from pine bast, birch branches and wild herb seeds was added. At the beginning of 1942, hydrocellulose was added to the recipe, which was used to add volume.
Since February 11, 1942, impurities have almost disappeared from bread. But the main thing is that supplies have become regular, food rationing has begun to be issued on time and almost completely. On February 16, quality meat was even issued for the first time - frozen beef and lamb. There has been a turning point in the food situation in the city.
Blockade survivor's ration.

The beginning of the blockade is considered to be September 8, 1941, when the land connection between Leningrad and the entire country was interrupted. The situation was further complicated by the fact that since the beginning of the war, Leningrad was flooded with at least 300,000 refugees from the Baltic republics and neighboring Russian regions. July 17 introduction of food cards. September 12 – verification and accounting of all food supplies completed. September 1 – ban on free sale of products. September 15 – the first reduction in card issuance standards. October 1941 - city residents experienced a clear shortage of food. November 1941 a real famine began in Leningrad. At first, the first cases of loss of consciousness from hunger on the streets and at work, and the first cases of death from exhaustion were noted.
The actual start of the blockade

“Death rules the city. People die and die. Today, when I walked down the street, a man walked in front of me. He could barely move his legs. Overtaking him, I involuntarily drew attention to the eerie blue face. I thought to myself: he will probably die soon. Here one could really say that the stamp of death lay on the man’s face. After a few steps, I turned around, stopped, and watched him. He sank onto the cabinet, his eyes rolled back, then he slowly began to slide to the ground. When I approached him, he was already dead. People were so weak from hunger that they could not
A victim of dystrophy, which became known as the “Leningrad disease.”
resist death. They die as if they were falling asleep. And the half-dead people around them do not pay any attention to them. Death has become a phenomenon observed at every step. They got used to it, complete indifference appeared: after all, not today - tomorrow such a fate awaits everyone. When you leave the house in the morning, you come across corpses lying in the gateway on the street. The corpses lie there for a long time because there is no one to clean them up.” E. A. Scriabina, Saturday, November 15, 1941

The road of life - during the Great Patriotic War the only transport route across Lake Ladoga. During periods of navigation - on water, in winter - on ice. Connected besieged Leningrad with the country from September 12, 1941 to March 1943.
The road of life.
GAZ-AA-Lortorka raised from the bottom of Lake Ladoga. The main vehicle for transportation along the “road of life.”
A tugboat guides a barge across Ladoga. September 1942
Trucks are transporting flour to the city over the newly hardened ice.

On January 18, 1943, troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts broke the blockade of Leningrad. Although the military success achieved was quite modest (the width of the corridor connecting the city with the country was only 8 - 11 kilometers), the political, material, economic and symbolic significance of breaking the blockade cannot be overestimated. IN as soon as possible the Polyany-Shlisselburg railway line, a highway and several bridges across the Neva were built, on February 7 the first train with “ big land" Already in mid-February, food supply standards established for other industrial centers of the country began to apply in Leningrad. All this radically improved the situation of the city residents and the troops of the Leningrad Front.
Operation "Spark".
Soviet soldiers are preparing to attack.

On January 14, 1944, troops of the Leningrad, Volkhov and 2nd Baltic fronts began the Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation. Already by January 20 Soviet troops achieved significant successes: formations of the Leningrad Front defeated the enemy's Krasnoselsko-Ropshin group, and units of the Volkhov Front liberated Novgorod.
On January 27, a salute of twenty-four artillery salvoes from three hundred and twenty-four guns was fired in Leningrad to commemorate the final liberation of the city from the siege, which lasted 872 days.
Complete lifting of the blockade of Leningrad.

During the years of the blockade, according to various sources, 600 thousand to 1.5 million people died. Only 3% of them died from bombing and shelling; the remaining 97% died of starvation. In 1943 alone, more than 1,400 city residents were killed and about 4,600 wounded as a result of artillery shelling.
Losses during the blockade.
Memorial sign "Trolley"

All participants in the defense of Leningrad were awarded - both military personnel and civilians.
The badge was awarded to those who lived at least four months in Leningrad during the blockade (from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944).
Sign “Resident of besieged Leningrad”
Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad"

By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of May 1, 1945, Leningrad, along with Stalingrad, Sevastopol and Odessa, was named a hero city for the heroism and courage shown by the city's residents during the siege. On May 8, 1965, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Hero City of Leningrad was awarded highest awards Soviet times with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
Leningrad is a hero city.
Medal "Gold Star".
Order of Lenin

Leningraders look at an unexploded German air bomb that was neutralized by sappers.
The first sleigh train departs for besieged Leningrad on the ice of Lake Ladoga. November 24, 1941
Children in a bomb shelter during an enemy air raid.
Soldiers of the Leningrad Komsomol fire-fighting regiment of Vasilyevsky Island on duty. 1942

The destroyer of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet "Stoikiy" is firing at Nazi positions. Leningrad. 1943
Residents of front-line villages at the construction of defensive structures. July 1941
Anti-aircraft battery on Universitetskaya embankment. 1942
At the water stand installed on the corner of Dzerzhinsky Street and Zagorodny Prospekt. 05.02.1942

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The only window connecting Leningrad with the mainland was Lake Ladoga. Crossing it was very risky, incredibly difficult, but there was no other way out. In late autumn Ladoga froze, and then a highway was built on the ice.

During the years of the blockade, Olga Berggolts was in Leningrad, besieged by the Nazis. In November 1941, she and her seriously ill husband were supposed to be evacuated from Leningrad, but Nikolai Stepanovich Molchanov died and Olga Fedorovna remained in the city. “V. Ketlinskaya, who headed the Leningrad branch of the Writers’ Union in 1941, recalled how in the first days of the war Olga Berggolts came to her, Olenka, as everyone called her then, looking like a very young, pure, trusting creature, with shining eyes,” a charming fusion of femininity and sweep, a sharp mind and childish naivety

But now - excited, collected. She asked where and how she could be useful. Ketlinskaya sent Olga Berggolts to the literary and dramatic editorial office of Leningrad radio. After a very short time, the quiet voice of Olga Berggolts became the voice of a long-awaited friend in the frozen and dark besieged Leningrad houses, became the voice of Leningrad itself.

“More civilians died in the siege of Leningrad than in the hell of Hamburg, Dresden, Tokyo, Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined.” Most of the Leningrad residents who died during the siege were buried at the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, located in the Kalininsky district. The area of the cemetery is 26 hectares, the length of the walls is 150 m with a height of 4.5 m. The lines of the writer Olga Berggolts, who survived the siege, are carved on the stones. In a long row of graves lie the victims of the siege, the number of whom in this cemetery alone is approximately 500 thousand people.

640 thousand people died from hunger. From combat operations - 235 thousand people. January 27, 1944 The blockade of the city was finally broken. By this time, there were 560 thousand residents left in the city, which is 5 times less than at the beginning of the blockade. The siege of Leningrad turned out to be the bloodiest siege in human history.

“On this day, people shouted with joy...” Victoria Rabotnova magazine “After the blockade was broken, we were sent to logging - it was necessary to provide the city with fuel. Well, on January 27, 1944 we met in Leningrad. Words cannot express how we felt then. People on the streets shouted with joy, hugged, kissed, exchanged addresses.” Memories

By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of May 1, 1945... On May 8, 1945, Leningrad, together with Moscow, Stalingrad, Sevastopol and Odessa, was named a hero city for the heroism and courage shown by the city residents during the siege... On May 8, 1965, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR The hero city Leningrad was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

During the breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad, Zaika's company fought continuously for seven days, repelling massive counterattacks by enemy infantry and tank units. On January 19, 1943, the company captured fortified enemy positions and reached the Sinyavino-8th Hydroelectric Power Station highway. Zaika personally participated in all battles, destroying 11 enemy soldiers and officers, was wounded four times, but continued to fight. For “exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism displayed,” senior lieutenant Grigory Zaika was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

On December 17, 1941, over Lake Ladoga, during a single flight to cover transport aircraft from besieged Leningrad, Captain Pilyutov encountered 6 enemy fighters against six Heinkel 113s. In an unequal air battle, he shot down 2 enemy aircraft and, despite being wounded, managed to land his downed aircraft . By this time he had flown 170 combat missions. The doctors who operated on the pilot counted 21 wounds on his body. After some time, he returned to duty and in one of the first battles in January 1942, he shot down his former offender, the German ace, the German pilot, commander of the 1st squadron of the 54th fighter squadron, Hauptmann Franz Eckerle. In air battles, he personally shot down 6 and 4 enemy aircraft as part of a group.

He commanded the 136th Rifle Division, which took part in breaking the siege of Leningrad. Advancing on the main direction of the front, the division was the first to link up with the troops of the Volkhov Front. For the courage and heroism of the division's soldiers in these battles, it was transformed into the 63rd Guards Rifle Division, and Simonyak himself was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. From March 1943 to October 1944, commander of the 30th Guards Rifle Corps, which participated in the Krasnoselsko-Ropshinskaya offensive operation, the Sinyavinskaya operation, the liberation of the city of Narva, the Vyborg offensive operation, and the Tallinn offensive operation. Participated in the liberation of the Baltic states and the defeat of the enemy’s Courland group.

summary of presentations

Leningrad 1941-1944

Slides: 24 Words: 720 Sounds: 0 Effects: 5

Siege of Leningrad September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944. Encirclement of Leningrad. The city during the Siege. A.E.Badaeva. From October 1, workers and engineers began to receive 400 g of bread per day, everyone else - 200. November came and Ladoga began to gradually become covered in ice. By November 17, the ice thickness reached 100 mm, which was not enough to open traffic. Everyone was waiting for frost... Horse-drawn carts came out onto the ice... It was Kosygin who organized the movement on the “Road of Life” and resolved disagreements between civil and military authorities. K.E. Voroshilov. G.K. Zhukov. A.N.Kosygin. Removing the blockade. - Leningrad 1941-1944.pptx

Leningrad during the war

Slides: 23 Words: 1818 Sounds: 0 Effects: 140

The whole country, young and old, stood up to defend the Motherland. Millions of people rushed to the front to fight their enemies. Yesterday's schoolchildren, students, workers - everyone went to the front. Hitler's army was rushing towards Moscow, sweeping away everything in its path. All Leningraders rose to defend the city. All Leningraders firmly believed that they would win. Olga Bergolts wrote a poem. Dystrophy spread in the city, people fainted from hunger. They tried to leave even a small piece of bread for a long time. The saleswoman was selling bread. Two fingers did not meet on the counter: the guys kept a line. People were buried in mass graves. - Leningrad during the war.ppt

Years of the siege of Leningrad

Slides: 23 Words: 1184 Sounds: 4 Effects: 4

Siege of Leningrad. Education of patriotism. Contents of the lesson. Leningrad. People lived their own lives. The war has begun. The shells flew. Ominous flames. Fascists. Street side. Residents defended their hometown. Breasts to defend Leningrad. Start date of the siege of Leningrad. Blockade. The hunger of the blockade. Death overtook people everywhere. Diary. Creation. Olga Fedorovna Berggolts. The road of life. Front road. Children. Day of military glory. - Years of the siege of Leningrad.ppt

Time of the siege of Leningrad

Slides: 19 Words: 536 Sounds: 5 Effects: 58

Time of the siege of Leningrad. Your homeland is proud of you. Time of the siege of Leningrad. Air raid warning cleared. Starvation. The most terrible siege of a city in the military history of mankind. Siege of Leningrad. The city lived and fought. 2 million 544 thousand people. Many children survived. In January 1943, the blockade was broken by Soviet troops. Breaking the blockade. Operation. Time of the siege of Leningrad. Through the centuries, through the years - remember. Welcome the vibrant spring, people of the Earth. Carry your dream through the years and fill it with life. About those who will never come again, I conjure, remember. Piskarevskoe cemetery. - Time of the siege of Leningrad.pptx

Children during the siege of Leningrad

Slides: 29 Words: 1481 Sounds: 2 Effects: 63

Children of besieged Leningrad. Dedicated to the young defenders of the city on the Neva. Goals. All this is called a blockade. Children during the siege of Leningrad. Diary of Tatyana Savicheva. Children during the siege of Leningrad. Twelve-year-old Leningrad resident Tanya Savicheva began keeping her diary. When you read this, you freeze. Children during the siege of Leningrad. The Savichevs planned to spend the summer of 1941 in a village near Gdov. Sister Zhenya died right at the factory. The girl was evacuated to the Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod) region. Children during the siege of Leningrad. Today, on the road of life there is a monument “Flower of Life”. Birches whisper along the road of life. - Children during the siege of Leningrad.ppt

Diary of Tanya Savicheva

Slides: 20 Words: 824 Sounds: 0 Effects: 1

Siege diary of Tanya Savicheva. Notebook. Tanya Savicheva. Older sister Zhenya. Writing with the letter "zh". Grandmother Evdokia. Entry starting with the letter "b". Brother Leonid (Leka). Writing with the letter "l". Entry starting with the letter "v". Mother. Writing with the letter "m". Tanya is the only one left. Well, what about Tanya? Tanya Savicheva's grave. A monument was built. Granite monument with bronze bas-relief. Original document. Diary of Tanya Savicheva. Myths about Tanya Savicheva. - Diary of Tanya Savicheva.pptx

St. Petersburg - hero city

Slides: 22 Words: 745 Sounds: 0 Effects: 33

Leningrad is a hero city. Why was Leningrad awarded the title of hero city? Heroic defense of Leningrad. Leningrad as one of the first targets of attack. St. Petersburg is a hero city. Fierce fighting on the outskirts of Leningrad. Hitler's troops were forced to stop offensive operations. Almost 900 days. The inhabitants of this city must, had to die. During the blockade, people experienced terrible hunger. St. Petersburg is a hero city. They worked in different ways. A few months after the blockade began, people began to die. Leningrad poetess Olga Berggolts. Leningrad not only withstood the siege, but also won. -

Marina Shablaeva
Presentation “Siege of Leningrad”

I present to your attention presentation"Siege of Leningrad", created for children of the preparatory group.

Today we will talk about a significant date for our city - January 27 - the day of complete liberation from fascist blockade of our city.

2 slide June 22, 1941 Nazi Germany without advertisements war attacked our homeland. The Great Patriotic War began.

The regiments are concentrated against us,

The enemy attacked a peaceful country.

White night, the whitest night

Started this black war!

Whether he wants it or not,

And he will get his from the war:

Soon even days, not just nights,

They will become, will become black for him!

(V. Shefner, 1941, June 23, Leningrad) © http://otmetim.info/stixi-o-vojne/

Slide 3 Thousands of volunteers went to the Red Army, partisan detachments, and people's militia. There was not a single family that did not send a father, husband, or son to the front.

(include recording of song "Holy War" music A. Alexandrova, lyrics. V. Lebedeva – Kumach)

Slide 4 In August 1941, German troops began a powerful attack on Leningrad. On September 8, the city was surrounded and the blockade, which lasted 900 days. All approaches to our city on land were captured by the Germans. 900 days, 900 nights city Leningrad was in the enemy ring.

Cutting off the city from the country,

Squeezed in a ring of fire blockade

The enemies wanted to destroy, trample

All that Leningraders loved it so much.

The enemies wanted Destroy Leningrad,

Raze this city from the ground.

But to capture and break through the defenses

The Nazis couldn't do it.

5 slide It was ordered to protect Leningrad until the last person. People stood shoulder to shoulder to defend their hometown.

Slide 6 Enemy shells destroyed houses, people, Leningrad streets, architectural monuments, food warehouses. On the streets where shells exploded more often they were hung signs: Citizens! During shelling, this side of the street is the most dangerous!

7 slide B Leningrad had about 2.5 million people, among them about 400 thousand children

Slide 8 The Nazis decided to kill the population is starving. Ration cards were introduced. The bread quota of 125 g for the whole day was so small that residents still died from exhaustion and hunger.

Everyone knows the price of bread Leningrader.

Small piece – 125 grams.

Doesn't give up Leningrad. The city survives

He gives us a lesson in courage and bravery.

https://schoolfiles.net/1908889

Slide 9 To feed the residents Leningrad was organized"Road of Life", which was laid on the ice of Lake Ladoga. The Nazis mercilessly bombed the road along which people in bread was brought to the besieged city. Legends were made about the exploits of drivers on the ice road. They told about a driver who, while taking emaciated children out of the city, saw that they were freezing in the back of his car. Then he took off all his warm clothes and covered the kids with them. And in the bitter cold he sat in the cabin half-naked.

Tanya Savicheva – Leningradskaya schoolgirl in conditions during the siege I kept a diary.

In besieged Leningrad

This girl lived.

She kept her diary in her student notebook.

Tanya died during the war,

Tanya is still alive in my memory:

Holding my breath for a moment,

The world hears her words.

http://historicaldis.ru/blog/43885801898/

This diary has only 9 pages and on 6 of them six of them record the dates of death of loved ones. In front of the girl's eyes died: sister, grandmother, 2 uncles, mother and brother.

11 slide The city was bombed more and more often, but Leningraders continued to live and work. Little children helped adults.

Children blockade cities helped grandfathers and fathers,

With no effort and no rest, they barely reached the machine!

They worked, sparing no effort, their hands were black from the oil,

Everyone worked like adults, tired of this war!

12 slide On January 14, 1944, our troops moved to offensive and on January 27 they broke through blockade ring and released Leningrad from the Nazi blockade. On this day in Leningrad fireworks were given.

After volley volley. Fireworks go off.

Rockets in hot air

They bloom with variegated flowers.

A Leningraders are crying quietly.

Don't calm down yet

There is no need to console people.

Their joy is too great -

Fireworks thunder over Leningrad!

Their joy is great, but their pain

She spoke and broke through:

To the fireworks with you

Floor- Leningrad did not rise.

People are crying and singing,

And they don’t hide their crying faces.

Today there are fireworks in the city!

Today Leningraders

Slide 13 900 days blockade. 900 days of people's courage! Surrounded by enemies Leningrad survived the battle with the enemy. We are proud of you Leningrad!

Defense Medal Leningrad -

Not just our memory of the war.

Its metal is forged in days blockade

And tempered in unprecedented fire. (V. Suslov)

Slide 15 At the site of the breakthrough blockade a memorial complex has been installed "Road of Life"- "Broken Ring"

Slide 16 In memory of the harsh blockade Recently, Birch Alley was opened in St. Petersburg. 900 days blockade-900 birches. There is such a tradition - on January 27, pioneer ties are tied to birch trees in memory of the pioneers who died during siege of Leningrad who, like adults, worked in factories and helped in hospitals.

Slide 17 A monument to heroic defenders was erected on Victory Square Leningrad, a monument to the feat of the townspeople in tragic days blockade.

...Glory to you who are in battle

The banks of the Neva were defended.

Leningrad, who knew no defeat,

You have illuminated with a new light.

Glory to you, great city,

Merged front and rear into one.

In unprecedented difficulties which

He survived. Fought. Won.

(Vera Inber, 1944)

For children about the siege of Leningrad The city of Petra is the pride and glory of Russia, Having withstood a previously unheard-of battle, the third order was pinned on you by the power, on your khaki-colored tunic. This is not the first siege in history, Not the first famine, cold and conflagration of smoke; Now everyone knows what the people of Leningrad went through - it was beyond their control. Again the war, again the blockade, - Or maybe we should forget about them? I sometimes hear: “No need, no need to reopen the wounds. It’s true that we are tired of stories about the war... “Many days have passed since then, but Leningraders remember very well each of the 900 days of the siege, since every day was a battle for life. The Nazis decided to destroy the city, wipe it off the face of the earth, and destroy the Leningraders. By the end of September the city was blocked by fascist troops. Having failed to capture the city, the enemy decided to break our city with a blockade and air bombing. People sheltered monuments from bombing in order to preserve them. During the blockade, the Nazis fired 150 thousand shells into the city and dropped 5 thousand bombs. 3,174 buildings were destroyed and burned by shells and bombs. Our city is covered in snow, buried to the waist. And if you look at the city from the rooftops, the streets look like trenches, which death has already visited. The moon glides across the sky alone, Like a cold tear running down your cheek. And dark houses stand without glass, Like people who have lost their eyes. But don’t believe that our city has died! Despair and fear will not bend us... And if the enemy breaks into Leningrad, We will tear: The last of the sheets, Only into bandages, But not into a white flag! Schools were still open for some time. We sat in coats and hats in an unheated classroom, hungry. There was no electricity anymore, smokehouses were burning in the apartments - jars with flammable liquid into which a small wick was inserted. The supply of food and water was very difficult. From November 20, 1941, bread standards became very low: workers received 250 grams of bread per day, and children and employees received 125 grams of bread. Leningraders lived on such rations for more than a month. Famine was coming! People learned to make crumpets from mustard, soup from yeast, cutlets from horseradish, jelly from wood glue. The bread contained all sorts of rubbish and only a little flour. The piece of bread was so small that its weight was not even felt in the hand. There was no running water or sewage system in the city, no electricity, no fuel, and transport was at a standstill. Line for bread Residents, exhausted from hunger, exhausted, lived in cold apartments with broken windows, and in winter it was 41 degrees, they went to the Neva River for water. The ice route along Lake Ladoga began operating on November 21, 1941. Cars walked day and night on the ice of the lake and delivered tons of food, weapons, and ammunition to the city. The highway was called the “road of life.” It allowed not only the import of food into the city, but also the removal of the sick and children from the city. Bread came to us along the road of life, along the road of friendship from many to many. They do not yet know on earth the most terrible and joyful road. Trucks walked on ice under constant bombing, so this route was nicknamed “Death Road.” Sixteen thousand mothers will receive rations at dawn - One hundred and twenty-five blockade grams, With fire and blood in half. In besieged Leningrad, Dmitry Shostakovich created the Seventh Symphony, called the Leningrad Symphony. Leningraders planted vegetable gardens so that they could somehow survive. On January 12, 1943, troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts went on the offensive. After 6 days of fierce fighting, the blockade ring was broken. And yet the city still remained front-line, the Enemy stood at its walls. Enemy aircraft were still shelling residential buildings. A year later, on January 27, 1944, in honor of the defeat of fascist troops near Leningrad; A ceremonial salute sounded over the Neva: 24 salvoes from 324 guns. The battle for Leningrad is over. For 900 days, Leningraders fought and defended their city. Neither hunger and cold, nor aviation, nor artillery shelling broke the glorious defenders of the city. During the harsh days of the blockade, more than 600 thousand people died of hunger. Many of them are buried at the Piskarevskoye memorial cemetery. Leningraders lie here. Here the townspeople are men, women, children. Next to them are soldiers - Red Army soldiers. With all their lives they defended you, Leningrad, the Cradle of the Revolution. Olga Bergolts.