Signs of living organisms biology 5. Properties of living organisms (grade 5)

Question 1. How do plants differ from animals?

Question 2. What signs are characteristic of living organisms?

Living organisms grow, eat, breathe, develop, reproduce, have irritability, and release products of their vital activity (metabolism and energy) into their environment. All living organisms are made up of cells (except viruses).

Question 1. What kingdoms of living organisms do you know?

There are four kingdoms: Bacteria, Fungi, Plants and Animals.

Question 2. What features distinguish living organisms from inanimate objects?

Living organisms differ from inanimate objects in the following features: growth, nutrition, respiration, development, reproduction, irritability, excretion, metabolism and energy, mobility. Inanimate objects do not have such features.

Question 3. What is the importance of the ability of organisms to reproduce for the existence of life on Earth?

If reproduction stops at any stage of organisms, all living things will gradually disappear. This speaks about the interconnection of living organisms. Reproduction carries out the transmission of hereditary information and the continuity of generations. Reproduction allows a population to exist, to continue its species.

Think

Consider Figure 9. What phenomenon is depicted in it and why is it called the “power circuit”? Make up your own food chain, characteristic of living organisms living in your area.

This figure depicts the "power circuit" phenomenon. It really looks like a chain of certain links that successively replace each other. Examples:

Sun →grass →hare →wolf;

Sun → tree foliage → caterpillar → bird (tit, oriole) → hawk or falcon;

Spruce → squirrel → marten;

Sun →grass →caterpillar →mouse →viper →hedgehog →fox.

Assignments. Outline your paragraph.

Paragraph outline

§3. Diversity of wildlife. Kingdoms of living organisms. Distinctive features alive.

Paragraph outline:

1. Kingdoms of living organisms;

2. Differences between living organisms and inanimate objects;

3. Main features of living organisms;

3.1. Cellular structure;

3.2. Chemical composition;

3.3. Metabolism;

3.4. Irritability;

3.6. Development;

The earth is inhabited by diverse living creatures that are not similar to each other. Despite their different structure and special way of life, they are united by the properties of living organisms. These properties distinguish living matter (all living creatures on the planet) from inanimate nature (mountains, rivers, stones).

Properties

The differences between living nature and inanimate matter are described in detail in the table of properties of a living organism.

*Sign*	*Description*
Cellular structure	Living things are made up of cells - the “building blocks of life”. This is the unit of all living things. Life is impossible outside a cell
	The energy necessary to maintain life is extracted from food. Plants are autotrophs and use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water with minerals as food. The process of creating nutrients inside the body using light is called photosynthesis. The rest of the creatures feed on ready-made substances, i.e. eat other creatures and are called heterotrophs
Metabolism	The scientific name is metabolism. It is the process of extracting useful, nutritious, vital substances from food that comes from external environment. Complex substances break down into simpler ones, from which each cell forms the substances necessary for the body, and also extracts energy and heat.
	It is part of metabolism. Organisms absorb oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide. Oxygen oxidizes, i.e. combines with other substances and participates in complex biochemical reactions
	Organisms are constantly growing. In multicellular organisms this occurs due to cell division
Irritability	The ability to respond to manifestations of the external environment. For example, flowers close when there is a lack of sunlight, and a person withdraws his hand when it comes into contact with a hot object
Reproduction	Organisms reproduce creatures similar to themselves. This is a complex process that can occur in different ways depending on the complexity of the organization of the body. For example, single-celled creatures divide, plants reproduce by seeds or parts of the body, for the reproduction of mammals two individuals are needed - male and female
	This natural process is the logical conclusion of life. All living beings, regardless of life expectancy, die and decompose, giving food to other organisms

Rice. 1. Cellular structure of organisms.

Living organisms do not live separately from inanimate nature, but actively interact with it. Water and oxygen are nonliving matter, but they are vital substances for living organisms. The interaction of living and nonliving nature through metabolism is called the cycle of substances.

Biological diversity

The general properties of living things are inherent in both unicellular organisms, consisting of just one cell, and complexly organized animals, such as humans. All biological diversity for ease of study divided into five kingdoms:

viruses;
bacteria;
plants;
mushrooms;
animals.

Rice. 2. Kingdoms of living nature.

Many scientists attribute viruses to inanimate nature. They are on the border of the transition of substances into living form and have the properties of living and nonliving matter. For example, they are capable of reproduction, but do not grow or feed.

Bacteria are different from others single-celled organisms(plants and animals) by the absence of a nucleus - the part of the cell in which hereditary information is stored. Such primitive organisms reproduce by division and have all the signs of life.

TOP 4 articleswho are reading along with this

Plants, fungi and animals are eukaryotes. Their cells have a formed nucleus. Plants differ from fungi in the presence of leaves and the ability to photosynthesize. Mushrooms are not animals, because... They have a special structure and are not capable of active movement.

The animal kingdom is very vast and covers many creatures from single-celled protozoa (amoeba) to mammals (elephant, cat, squirrel), which includes humans.

Rice. 3. Diversity of animals.

All living organisms have the same chemical composition, because... consist of the same elements. Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen are important for life.

What have we learned?

From the 5th grade biology lesson we learned about the basic properties of living matter, as well as the diversity of life on Earth. The main signs of living things are reproduction, respiration, nutrition, growth. The basis of all living beings is the cell. The entire diversity of living nature is represented by five kingdoms - viruses, bacteria, plants, fungi, animals. Viruses are a transitional form from nonliving to living matter.

Test on the topic

Evaluation of the report

Average rating: 4.8. Total ratings received: 1979.

The lesson was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard in 2015. The lesson is intended for 5th grade biology. Educational and methodological complex"Spheres" in biology for the basic school "Biology. Living organism." Authors: Sukhorukova L.N., Kuchmenko B.C.

Download:

Preview:

The lesson was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard by a biology teacher

Municipal educational institution "Mednovskaya secondary school" Larionova I.M. in 2015.

The lesson is intended for 5th grade according to L.N. Sukhorukova, V.S. Kuchmenko,

AND I. Kolesnikova "Biology. Living organism"

Biology lesson in 5th grade

Lesson type: mastering new knowledge in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard.

Lesson format: lesson - research.

Method: combined, group work.

Training model:basic (5th grade – 1 hour per week).

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

to form initial ideas about the kingdoms of living nature, their distinctive features;
deepen the ideas gained in primary school, about the characteristics characteristic of living organisms;
to develop the ability to analyze, compare, and recognize representatives of the kingdoms being studied in tables, drawings, photographs, and other demonstration material.

Educational:

Identification of essential features of representatives of the kingdoms of living nature. Educators: develop the ability to consciously work towards a goal; cultivate a caring attitude towards optical instruments and equipment, accuracy.

Cognitive UUD:ability to highlight the main thing in the text, structure educational material, correctly formulate questions, work with various sources of information, prepare messages and presentations, present the results of the work to the class. Personal UUD: the ability to assess the level of danger of a situation to health, understanding the importance of maintaining health.

Regulatory UUD: ability to organize the implementation of teacher assignments. Development of self-assessment and self-analysis skills

Communication UUD:ability to work as part of creative teams

Equipment:

multimedia projector;
Working with COR Biology lessons Cyril and Methodius
Electronic presentation
Flash animations

Lesson structure:

Organizational stage.
Updating knowledge.
Setting a learning task.
Assimilation of new knowledge and primary consolidation.
Phys. just a minute.
Consolidation of the studied material.
Reflection on activity (summarizing the lesson).
Information about homework(commenting), grading for the lesson.

Lesson stage

Teacher activities

Student activities

Planned results of UUD

Evaluation of student performance results

1. Organizational moment, motivation to educational activities

(4 minutes)

Good afternoon, guys. Let's look at each other and smile. They say, “a smile is a kiss to the soul.”

Stand straight and beautiful.

The bell has already rung.

Sit quietly and quietly

And let's start the lesson soon.

Take your seats. I'm glad you have good mood, and I hope that you and I will work very friendly and actively today. I don't even doubt this.

Greets, checks readiness for the lesson, wishes success.

Getting into the business rhythm.

The students got up, got ready to work, checked on the tables for a textbook, notebook, workbook, diary, writing materials.

Personal:

Regulatory UUD:ability to organize the implementation of teacher assignments.

The goal is to create a friendly atmosphere, motivate students to study, and create a situation of success.

Teacher's oral assessment

2. Update

knowledge, communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson

(6 minutes)

Today we will start our lesson with riddles.

Little boy

In a gray army jacket

Snooping around the yard

Collects crumbs. (Sparrow)

Small, remote

Passed through the earth

I found Little Red Riding Hood. (Mushroom)

Green, not a meadow, henbane, not snow,

Kudryava, not a person. (Birch).

Combine all these words into one general term. Who is this?

Students are organisms.

Do living organisms differ from inanimate bodies?

Students - by certain signs.

Can you tell me these signs?

Students name signs that are familiar to them.

Lesson topic message.

Lesson topic: Signs of living organisms. Kingdoms of Wildlife

Puts forward a problem, communicates the topic of the lesson.

When solving a problem, they make assumptions about the topic of the lesson.

Personal

Regulatory UUD:

Ability to organize the implementation of teacher assignments.

Communication UUD:ability to perceive information by ear, answer teacher’s questions

Teacher's oral assessment

3. Setting a learning goal

(4 minutes)

- So, what is the topic of our lesson today? See the textbook on page 14.

- Open your notebooks, write down the date and topic of the lesson.

Goal setting

Based on the topic of the lesson, formulate its main goal by answering the question:

What should we learn in class today?

General characteristics of living organisms.
Kingdoms of living nature.
Signs characteristic of each kingdom of living nature.

That's right, at the end of this lesson we should:

name the kingdoms of living nature, illustrate them with examples;
define concepts on the topic of the lesson;
describe the main characteristics of living organisms;
disclose characteristic features representatives of the kingdoms of living nature;
recognize representatives of kingdoms in tables, drawings, photographs, and other demonstration material.

Discussion of difficulties (why difficulties arose, what we do not yet know).

Planned results

Students write down the numbers and topics of the lesson.

Students specify the purpose of the lesson

Regulatory UUD: independent formulation of goals and objectives, planning, forecasting

GOAL - to create problematic situation, predict upcoming activities.

Oral assessment by the teacher, individual assessment of the project.

4. Assimilation of new knowledge 4 minutes

4.1. Planning

4.2. Discovery of new knowledge

Organisms

Signs of the Kingdom

The teacher poses a problematic question.

Prove that a car is an inanimate object?

Find and describe the main characteristics of living organisms

Checking the answer to the question and the diagram.

Organisms
Signs	Kingdoms

Defined new concepts on the topic of the lesson

Cellular structure, individual development, reproduction, irritability

All living organisms are divided into kingdoms:

Bacteria

Mushrooms

Plants

Animals

Students work in a group

Given individual assignment, limiting its execution time

Solving a problematic issue.

The pairs are given an individual task, limiting the time it takes to complete it.

Individual tasks are given to groups, limiting the time for its completion.

Working with the textbook. Students read paragraph No. 3 of the textbook - the article on p. 14 “The most important signs of living organisms” and fill out the diagram in their notebook.

Fill out the second column of the table, remembering the elementary school material.

Each group receives a task about a certain kingdom, using the information from the textbook, determines the characteristics characteristic of this kingdom and writes them down in a general diagram.

Personal : The ability to maintain discipline in the classroom, treat the teacher and classmates with respect.

Regulatory UUD:

Communication UUD:

Cognitive UUD: the ability to structure educational material, highlight the main thing in it.

Teacher's oral assessment

4.3. Primary consolidation of knowledge.

4.4. Checking completed work.

Group 1 – Microbiologists-bacteria researchers: reveal the characteristic features of representatives of the kingdom of bacteria and fill out the diagram;

Group 2 – Mycologists– mushroom researchers:reveal the characteristic features of representatives of the kingdom of mushrooms and fill in the diagram.

Group 3 – Botanists– plant researchers: reveal the characteristic features of representatives of the plant kingdom and fill out the diagram.

Group 4 – Zoologists– animal researchers: reveal the characteristic features of representatives of the animal kingdom and fill out the diagram.

Group 1 – Microbiologists

Bacteria:

3.5 million

Small sizes

In all environments of life

Group 2 – Mycologists

Mushrooms:

motionless

Constantly growing

They feed on ready-made organic matter

Group 3 – Botanists

Plants:

motionless

Grow all your life

Create organic matter from inorganic substances.

Group 4 – Zoologists

Animals:

Growth is limited

Move in space

Organs function without replacement.

They feed on ready-made organic matter.

Individual tasks are given to groups, limiting the time it takes to complete them.

Students complete assignments in groups, prepare a summary of the material, and draw conclusions about the work done.

Personal: The ability to maintain discipline in class and treat the teacher and classmates with respect.

Regulatory UUD:

Ability to organize the implementation of teacher assignments and draw conclusions based on the results of the work

Communication UUD:ability to perceive information by ear and answer teacher’s questions.

Cognitive UUD:the ability to structure educational material and highlight the main thing in it.

Teacher's oral assessment

5. Physical education minute (relaxation pause)

1 minute

We became students

We follow the regime ourselves:

In the morning, when we woke up,

They smiled and stretched.

For health, mood

We do exercises:

Hands up and hands down

We stood up on our toes.

They sat down and bent over

And they smiled again.

And then we washed ourselves,

Dressed neatly

We ate breakfast slowly

To school, to knowledge, striving.

6. Consolidation of the studied material

Purpose of the stage: students’ self-assessment of the results of their educational activities

Practicing training actions

Choose the correct statements

Living organisms have cellular structure
Living organisms grow, feed, and reproduce.
All living organisms form the hydrosphere.
All living organisms are divided into 4 kingdoms: bacteria, fungi, plants, animals.
Bacteria are the most ancient living organisms.
Many bacteria are pathogens.
All living organisms are capable of moving in space.
Animals and plants feed on ready-made organic substances.
Plants are capable of creating organic substances from inorganic ones.
Animals grow throughout their lives.

Peer review.

Answers: 1,2,4,5,6,9.

The teacher shows flash animations.

Hands out the test.

Students work individually.

Self-test.

Personal : The ability to maintain discipline in the classroom, treat the teacher and classmates with respect. the need for fair assessment of one's own work and the work of classmates

Regulatory UUD:

Ability to organize the implementation of teacher assignments, draw conclusions based on the results of the work

Communication UUD:ability to perceive information by ear.

Cognitive UUD: the ability to structure educational material, highlight the main thing in it. Acquiring basic skills in working with instruments.

Teacher's oral assessment

7. Reflection of activity

3 minutes

The purpose of the stage: students’ awareness of their educational activities, self-assessment of the results of their own and the entire class’s activities.

Based on the results of the lesson, fill out the table and evaluate the level of your work in the lesson using a scale, put a cross at the level you have achieved

Students fill out the table and scale

Personal UUD:

Self-esteem based on success

Adequate understanding of the reasons for success/failure in educational activities

Communication UUD:Ability to express your thoughts

Cognitive UUD: Reflection.

Monitoring and evaluation of the process and performance results

8. Valuation activities

Assignments on every desk.

Students fill out the sheet individual achievements(LEAD) with tasks.

9. Information about homework (commenting), grading for the lesson.

§3.

Individual task to choose from:

a) prepare a presentation “In the kingdom of mushrooms”;

b) oral communication“Bacteria in animal life”4

c) a message about my favorite plant;

d) what kind of animal would I like to be?

Literature and Internet resources:

1.Biology. Bacteria, fungi, plants. 6th grade: Thematic and lesson planning for the textbook by V.V. Pasechnik

2"Biology. Bacteria, fungi, plants": A manual for teachers / N.V. Dubinina, V.V.Pasechnik.-M: Bustard, 2002.

3. Ponamareva I.N., Solomin V.P., Sidelnikova G.D. General methodology for teaching biology. - M.: Academy, 2002.

4. Kalinova G.S. Educational cards. Plants. Bacteria. Fungi. Lichens. 6th grade.-M.: Shkola-Press, 2001

5Biology lessons with ICT 6th grade S.N. Lebedev.

6. Elena Mikhailovna Benuzh. Biology tests. 6th grade

Internet resources:

http://vospitatel.com.ua/zaniatia/zagadki/zagadki-o-gribah.htm

www. Wikipedia.org - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Multimedia learning tools

1. Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius. LLC "Cyril and Methodius", 2006.

2. Electronic atlas for schoolchildren “botany. 6-7th grade” - “New Disc”, 2004.

3. Biology lessons “Cyril and Methodius”, 6-7 grades. - Cyril and Methodius LLC, 2001.

4.Electronic library visual aids» Biology. 6-9 grades. "- LLC" Cyril and Methodius", 2002

Individual Achievement Sheet

when studying the topic: “Characteristics of living organisms. Kingdoms of Living Nature"

Define concepts on the topic of the lesson.

Describe main characteristics of living organisms.

Disclose characteristic features of representatives of the kingdoms of living nature.

Recognize representatives of the kingdoms on tables, drawings, photographs, and other demonstration material.

Reflection

It was difficult for me

I can praise myself

What else do I want to know?

Information sheet

Basic terms and concepts tested in exam paper : homeostasis, unity of living and inanimate nature, variability, heredity, metabolism.

– cellular structure . All organisms existing on Earth are made up of cells. The exception is viruses, which exhibit living properties only in other organisms.

Metabolism – a set of biochemical transformations occurring in the body and other biosystems.

Self-regulation – maintaining a constant internal environment of the body (homeostasis). Persistent disruption of homeostasis leads to the death of the organism.

Irritability – the body’s ability to respond to external and internal stimuli (reflexes in animals and tropisms, taxis and nasties in plants).

Variability – the ability of organisms to acquire new characteristics and properties as a result of the influence of the external environment and changes in the hereditary apparatus – DNA molecules.

Heredity – the ability of an organism to transmit its characteristics from generation to generation.

Reproduction or self-reproduction – the ability of living systems to reproduce their own kind. Reproduction is based on the process of doubling DNA molecules followed by cell division.

Growth and development – all organisms grow during their lives; Development is understood as both the individual development of an organism and the historical development of living nature.

System openness – a property of all living systems associated with the constant supply of energy from the outside and the removal of waste products. In other words, the organism is alive as long as it exchanges substances and energy with the environment.

Ability to adapt - in progress historical development and under the influence natural selection organisms acquire adaptations to conditions environment(adaptations). Organisms that do not have the necessary adaptations die out.

Community chemical composition . The main features of the chemical composition of a cell and a multicellular organism are carbon compounds - proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids. These compounds are not formed in inanimate nature.

The commonality of the chemical composition of living systems and inanimate nature speaks of the unity and connection of living and inanimate matter. The whole world is a system based on individual atoms. Atoms interact with each other to form molecules. Rock crystals, stars, planets, and the universe are formed from molecules in nonliving systems. From the molecules that make up organisms, living systems are formed - cells, tissues, organisms. The interrelation of living and nonliving systems is clearly manifested at the level of biogeocenoses and the biosphere.

Main levels of organization of living nature: cellular, organismal, population-species, biogeocenotic

Basic terms and concepts tested in exam papers: standard of living, biological systems studied at this level, molecular genetic, cellular, organismal, population-species, biogeocenotic, biosphere.

Levels of organization living systems reflect the subordination and hierarchy of the structural organization of life. Levels of life differ from each other in the complexity of the organization of the system. A cell is simpler compared to a multicellular organism or population.

The standard of living is the form and method of its existence. For example, a virus exists in the form of a DNA or RNA molecule enclosed in a protein shell. This is the form of existence of the virus. However, the virus exhibits the properties of a living system only when it enters the cell of another organism. There it reproduces. This is his way of existence.

Molecular genetic level represented by individual biopolymers (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and other compounds); at this level of life, phenomena related to changes (mutations) and reproduction are studied genetic material, metabolism.

Cellular - the level at which life exists in the form of a cell - the structural and functional unit of life. At this level, processes such as metabolism and energy, information exchange, reproduction, photosynthesis, nerve impulse transmission and many others are studied.

Organismal - this is the independent existence of an individual - a unicellular or multicellular organism.

Population-species – level, which is represented by a group of individuals of the same species – a population; It is in the population that elementary evolutionary processes take place - the accumulation, manifestation and selection of mutations.

Biogeocenotic – represented by ecosystems consisting of different populations and their habitats.

Biosphere – a level representing the totality of all biogeocenoses. In the biosphere there is a circulation of substances and the transformation of energy with the participation of organisms. The waste products of organisms participate in the process of evolution of the Earth.