Course work: modern methods and means of assessing students in life sciences lessons. Assessment criteria for life safety assessment Criteria for assessment of testing for life safety

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Characteristics of control and measuring materials,

used in assessing the level of students' preparation.

Testing and assessment of knowledge takes place during ongoing classes in oral or written form. Written work is carried out on significant issues of the topic or section of the life safety course. Written tests are carried out after studying sections of the life safety course program at the end of the quarter and academic year. In the life safety course, a credit form of knowledge testing can be used.

Teaching life safety, as well as other subjects, provides for individual thematic control of students’ knowledge. Moreover, when checking the level of mastery of the material for each, it is enough big topic It is mandatory to evaluate two main elements: theoretical knowledge and the ability to apply them when choosing practical ones.

To control knowledge on life safety are used various types works (tests, express surveys, independent, testing, control, practical, situational tasks).

Evaluation criteria

Evaluation of students' oral responses.

Rating "5" is given if the student shows a correct understanding of the issues under consideration, gives precise formulations and interpretation of basic concepts, constructs an answer according to his own plan, provides examples with the story, and is able to apply knowledge in a new situation when performing practical tasks; can establish a connection between the material being studied and previously studied in the life safety course, as well as with the material learned in the study of other subjects.

Rating "4" is given if the student’s answer satisfies the basic requirements for an answer with a grade of “5”, but is given without using his own plan, new examples, without applying knowledge in a new situation, without using connections with previously studied material and material learned in the study of other subjects; if the student has made one mistake or no more than two shortcomings and can correct them independently or with a little help from the teacher.

Rating "3" is given if the student correctly understands the essence of the question under consideration, but the answer contains some gaps in the assimilation of the life safety course questions that do not interfere with further assimilation of the program material; knows how to apply acquired knowledge when solving simple problems using stereotypical solutions, but finds it difficult to solve problems that require deeper approaches to assessing phenomena and events; made no more than one gross error and two omissions, no more than one gross and one minor error, no more than two or three minor errors, one minor error and three omissions; made four or five mistakes.

Rating "2" is given if the student has not mastered basic knowledge and skills in accordance with the requirements of the program and has made more errors and omissions than necessary for a grade of 3.

When assessing students’ oral responses, it is advisable to conduct an element-by-element analysis of the answer based on software requirements to the basic knowledge and skills of students, as well as the structural elements of certain types of knowledge and skills, the acquisition of which is advisable to consider mandatory results training.

Evaluation of written tests.

Rating "5" awarded for work completed completely without errors or omissions.

Rating "4" awarded for work completed in full, but if it contains no more than one minor error and one defect, or no more than three defects.

Rating "3" is given if the student correctly completed at least 2/3 of the entire work or made no more than one gross error and two defects, no more than one gross and one minor error, no more than three minor errors, one minor error and three defects, in the presence of four five shortcomings.

Rating "2" is given if the number of errors and shortcomings exceeds the norm for a rating of 3 or less than 2/3 of the entire work is completed correctly.

Evaluation of practical work.

Rating "5" is given if the student completes practical work in full compliance with the required sequence of actions, independently and correctly selects the necessary equipment; conducts all techniques under conditions and modes that ensure correct results and conclusions are obtained; complies with safety regulations.

Rating "4" is given if the requirements for a rating of 5 are met, but two or three shortcomings were made, no more than one minor error and one shortcoming.

Rating "3" put if the work is not completed completely, but the volume of the completed part is such that it allows you to obtain the correct result and conclusion; if errors were made during the reception.

Rating "2" placed if the work has not been completed completely and the volume of the completed part of the work does not allow correct conclusions to be drawn; if the techniques were performed incorrectly.

In all cases, the grade is reduced if the student did not follow safety rules.

Test materials are compiled in accordance with the requirements state standard in life safety, the level of students’ training. Test work consists of questions and tasks that meet the requirements of the basic level both in volume and depth.

“A system for assessing the achievements of students in life safety in the light of the Federal State Educational Standard.”

Federal state educational standards main general education aimed at personal and cognitive development student in the education system through the formation of educational actions, which are the invariant basis of educational and educational processes. Students' mastery of universal learning activities creates the opportunity to independently acquire new knowledge, skills and competencies.

The main types of universal learning activities (hereinafter - UUD) include:

Personal - (self-determination, meaning formation and the action of moral and ethical assessment);

Regulatory - (goal setting, planning, control and correction, assessment, forecasting);

Cognitive - (general educational, logical, sign-symbolic);

Communication – (communication and interaction, group work).

The basis for the development of UUD is the cultural-historical system-activity approach, which reveals the main psychological conditions and mechanisms for assimilation of knowledge, formation of a picture of the world, general structure educational activities. The leading position of the system-activity approach is the position that a person’s psychological abilities are the result of the transformation of higher objective activity into internal mental activity through successive changes leading to neoplasms. Therefore, the development of a student is determined by the nature of the organization of their various activities, primarily educational ones.

The system-activity approach changes the paradigm of education, which is determined by new quality characteristics:

The purpose of school education is the ability to learn;

Teaching is a process of education and the generation of meanings;

The student’s educational activity is as a strategy of purposeful organization and systematic formation;

Educational cooperation is the main form in achieving learning goals.

It is necessary that knowledge is not transferred in a ready-made form, but is obtained by the students themselves in the process cognitive activity. Therefore, it is necessary to move from training as the transfer of a knowledge system to active work students in the process of cognitive activity, and also move on to active work of students on tasks directly related to problems real life. The system-activity approach assumes:

Education and development of personality traits that meet the requirements of the information society, innovation economy, the tasks of building a Russian civil society based on the principles of tolerance, dialogue of cultures and respect for its multinational, multicultural and multi-religious composition;

Focus on achieving the goal and main result of education;

    development based on the formation of educational learning, knowledge and mastery of the world of the student’s personality, his active educational and cognitive activity, the formation of his readiness for self-development and continuous education.

System for assessing the achievement of planned results of mastering the main in general educational program basic general education in life safety.

The system for assessing the achievement of the planned results of mastering the main educational program of basic general education in life safety is one of the tools for implementing the requirements of the Standard for the results of mastering the main educational program of basic general education, aimed at ensuring the quality of education, which presupposes the involvement of both teachers and students in assessment activities . The assessment system is designed to help maintain the unity of the entire education system and ensure continuity in the system of lifelong education. Its main functions are the orientation of the educational process towards achieving the planned results of mastering the basic educational program of basic general education and providing effective feedback that allows for managing the educational process.

The system for assessing planned results is based on the integration of the following educational technologies:

Technologies based on level differentiation of training,

Technologies based on creation problem situations,

Implementation-based technologies project activities,

Information and communication technologies for learning.

The main object, content and criterion basis for the final assessment of the training of graduates at the level of basic general education are the planned results.

Main content of the assessment personal results at the level of basic general education is built around assessment:

the formation of the student’s internal position, which is reflected in the student’s emotionally positive attitude towards the educational institution, orientation towards the meaningful aspects of the educational process - lessons, learning new things, mastering skills and new competencies, the nature of educational cooperation with the teacher and classmates, and orientation towards a model of behavior “ good student»as an example to follow;

the formation of the foundations of civic identity - a sense of pride and personal responsibility, love for one’s Fatherland, faith in Russia, respect for nature, history, culture of Russia, national characteristics, traditions and way of life of Russian and other peoples, tolerance;

the formation of self-esteem, including awareness of one’s capabilities in learning, the ability to adequately judge the reasons for one’s success/failure in learning; the ability to see one’s strengths and weaknesses, respect oneself and believe in success;

the formation of motivation for educational activities, including social, educational-cognitive and external motives, curiosity and interest in new content and ways of solving problems, acquiring new knowledge and skills, motivation to achieve results, desire to improve one’s abilities;

knowledge of moral norms and the formation of moral and ethical judgments, the ability to solve moral problems based on decentration (coordination of different points of view on solving a moral dilemma); the ability to evaluate one’s actions and the actions of other people from the point of view of compliance with/violation of moral norms.

Grade meta-subject results.

The main content of the meta assessment subject results at the level of basic general education is built around the ability to learn, i.e. that set of methods of action, which, in fact, ensures the ability of students to independently assimilate new knowledge and skills that represent the content and object of assessment of meta-subject results, can be qualitatively assessed and measured in the following basic forms:

1) the student’s involvement in educational process, his initiative, activity;

2) keeping records of the student’s participation in olympiads of all levels, conferences, etc. scientific activity;

3) test tasks requiring collaboration students for the overall result, allow you to assess the formation of communicative educational actions;

4) test tasks, the successful completion of which requires the development of skills in working with information.

Assessment of meta-subject results is an assessment of the achievement of the planned results of mastering the basic educational program in life safety - these are regulatory universal learning activities, communicative universal learning activities and cognitive universal learning activities, as well as the planned results of interdisciplinary educational programs.

Grade subject results.

Assessment of subject results is an assessment of the student’s achievement of planned results.

The system of subject knowledge is the most important component of subject results. It can distinguish basic knowledge (knowledge, the assimilation of which is fundamentally necessary for current and subsequent successful learning: key concepts, facts, phenomena) and knowledge that complements, expands or deepens the basic system of knowledge, and also serves as propaedeutics for subsequent study of the course on the fundamentals of life safety .

When assessing subject results, the main value is not the mastery of the system itself. background knowledge and the ability to reproduce them in standard educational situations, and the ability to use this knowledge in solving educational-cognitive and educational-practical problems. In other words, the object of assessment of subject results is the actions performed by students with subject content. In life safety lessons, such actions include: modeling situations; comparison, grouping and classification of objects; forecast; actions of analysis, synthesis and generalization; establishing connections (including cause-and-effect) and analogies; searching, transforming, presenting and interpreting information, reasoning, etc.

Assessment of the achievement of these subject results is carried out both during the current and intermediate assessment, and during the implementation of the final verification work. In this case, the final assessment is limited to monitoring the success of mastering actions performed by students with subject content that reflects the supporting knowledge system of this training course.

The system for assessing the achievements of planned results within the framework of current and thematic monitoring of knowledge in life safety includes:

1. Initial diagnostics (consists of checking the level of general readiness at the beginning of the school year): carried out in the form of a test, defense of summer projects based on previous material.

2. Current control: consists of checking homework in the form of a frontal survey, working with cards, mutual checking, checking written homework.

3. Thematic control: (control at the end of studying a topic, chapter) is carried out in the form of a test, independent or control work.

System for assessing the achievements of planned results within intermediate certification, final assessment, assessment of project activities in life safety includes:

1. Intermediate control (control at the end of the quarter): carried out in the form of lightweight tests, independent work, in the form of games (lesson-game “Lucky Chance”), brain-rings, quizzes.

2. Final control (control at the end of the academic year): carried out in the form of a test, a final test.

3. Design protection individual work on a topic agreed upon with the teacher.

Sources of information for assessing achievements educational results, the process of their formation and measures of each student’s awareness of the features of the development of his own learning process, as well as for assessing the progress of learning, serve:

Student work performed during the course of training (homework, projects and presentations, formalized written assignments - various texts, collections of information materials, studying and compiling reports on statistical materials, as well as various initiative creative works- posters, crafts, etc.);

Individual and joint activities of students during work;

Statistical data based on clearly defined indicators and obtained through targeted observations or mini-studies;

Test results (results of oral and written tests).

The criteria for assessing student performance require assessments for oral responses and written work. Additional grades in the subject of basic life safety are awarded to students for individual creative work at extracurricular and extracurricular events, for example, competitions and quizzes, olympiads in the subject, excursions, circle work, as well as “Health Days”, “decades of life safety”, “Children’s Days”, etc.

Evaluation of students' oral responses.

The answer is graded “5” if the student:

fully disclosed the content of the material to the extent provided for by the program and textbook;

presented the material in literate language in a certain logical sequence, specified it with examples, brought new objects and phenomena under general concepts, explained their features;

demonstrated the ability to illustrate theoretical concepts with specific examples and apply them in a new situation when performing a practical task;

demonstrated the assimilation of previously studied related issues, the formation and stability of the skills and abilities used during training;

answered independently without leading questions from the teacher. There may be one or two inaccuracies in the coverage of secondary issues or in calculations, which the student easily corrected based on the teacher’s remark.

An answer is graded “4” if it largely satisfies the requirements for a “5” grade, but has one of the following shortcomings:

there are small gaps in the presentation that do not distort the content of the answer;

one or two shortcomings were made when covering the main content of the answer, corrected according to the teacher’s comment;

an error or more than two shortcomings were made when covering secondary issues or in calculations, which were easily corrected based on the teacher’s remark.

Mark “3” is placed in the following cases:

the content of the material is incompletely or inconsistently disclosed, but a general understanding of the issue is shown and skills sufficient for further assimilation of the program material are demonstrated;

there were difficulties or mistakes were made in defining concepts, the student was unable to apply the theory in a new situation when performing a practical task, but completed tasks of the required level of difficulty on this topic;

knowledge of theoretical material revealed insufficient development of basic skills and abilities.

Mark “2” is placed in the following cases:

main content not disclosed educational material;

the student’s ignorance or misunderstanding of the largest or most important part of the educational material is detected;

mistakes were made in defining concepts, features, patterns, conclusions were not given, errors were not corrected after several leading questions from the teacher.

Evaluation of students' written work.

Mark “5” is given if:

the work was completed in full, conclusions were drawn, carefully;

there are no gaps or errors in the logical reasoning and justification of the answer (one inaccuracy or typo is possible, which is not a consequence of ignorance or misunderstanding of the educational material);

When performing tests in the GIA format, 3-5 errors are allowed.

Mark “4” is placed if:

the work has been completed in full, but the substantiation of the conclusions is insufficient and sloppy;

one mistake or two or three shortcomings in the conclusions were made;

When performing tests in the GIA format, 6-8 errors are allowed.

Mark “3” is placed if:

more than one mistake or more than two or three shortcomings were made, but the student has the required skills on the topic being tested, there are no conclusions;

When performing tests in the GIA format, 9-11 errors are allowed.

Mark “2” is placed if:

significant errors were made that showed that the student does not master the studied material, it was completed incorrectly;

when performing tests in the GIA format, 12-17 are allowed.

Mark “1” is placed if:

the work showed the student’s complete lack of required knowledge and skills on the topic being tested, or a significant part of the work was not completed independently.

The system of intra-school monitoring of educational achievements and a portfolio of achievements as tools for the dynamics of educational achievements.

The indicator of the dynamics of educational achievements is one of the main indicators in assessing educational achievements. Positive dynamics of educational achievements are the most important basis for deciding effectiveness educational process, the work of a teacher or educational institution, the education system as a whole. The system of in-school monitoring of educational achievements (personal, meta-subject and subject), the main components of which are materials of initial diagnostics and materials recording current and intermediate educational and personal achievements, allows for a fairly complete and comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of the formation of individual personal qualities, and the dynamics of mastering meta-subject actions and subject content.

In-school monitoring of educational achievements should be carried out by each subject teacher and recorded using assessment sheets, class registers, student diaries on paper or electronic media.

Individual elements from the intra-school monitoring system can be included in a portfolio of student achievements. It is a specially organized selection of works. Which demonstrate effort. The student's progress and achievements in areas of interest. The portfolio of achievements may include results achieved by the student not only during educational activities, but also in other forms of activity: creative, social, communicative, physical education, labor activity, taking place both within the framework of everyday school practice and beyond, including the results of participation in olympiads, competitions, shows, exhibitions, concerts, sporting events, various creative works, crafts, etc.

The decision to use a portfolio of achievements within the internal assessment system is made by educational institution. The selection of works for the portfolio of achievements is carried out by the student himself, together with class teacher and with family participation. The inclusion of any materials in the portfolio of achievements without the consent of the student is not permitted.

System of control and assessment of the quality of knowledge in life safety lessons.

For the teacher-organizer of life safety at school, the problem of assessing the quality of students’ knowledge is relevant because there are no clearly defined criteria for this subject. Eat general requirements to students’ oral responses, requirements for checking written work.

However, the specificity of the life safety course is that if there is a lack of hours, and this is exactly the case, the question arises of introducing express control methods, such as tests, dictations and others.

When conducting quality control of knowledge in life safety lessons, I use various shapes control:

    preliminary;

    auxiliary;

    current;

    thematic

    final

Preliminary control– allows you to identify the knowledge that will be emphasized in the future when presenting new material

Auxiliary control- carried out by the teacher to determine the most difficult to understand elements of the lesson.

Current control– is carried out upon completion of each individual topic and covers knowledge of previous ones. to secure the material.

Thematic control– carried out to check the assimilation of the section material

Final control– by completing a course consisting of several sections or the entire course as a whole.

When conducting quality control of knowledge, I use various methods.

    Oral control

    student's monologue answer in question-and-answer form

requirements for this species control is asking a question correctly, listening to the answer to the end.

It can be carried out as a current one in an individual, frontal or combined form.

When conducting this type of control, various survey techniques can be used, the choice of which depends on the level of preparedness of students, the degree of proficiency in their monologue speech, psychological characteristics every child.

I use oral questioning when the question does not require time spent on long thinking; in this way, only knowledge of the first (reproductive) level is verified.

    cards with questions (conducted in the case when it takes time to think about a question, as a rule, these are questions of all levels; preparation for such a survey technique may or may not be given time to think about the answer; it is better to use it when it is necessary to establish causally investigative connections of the second and higher order)

    work with reference notes (used when testing knowledge based on a previously given reference note with the restoration of its individual parts or full/partial retelling, used for children with well-developed visual memory and for consolidating visual images and signs)

    documents with their analysis (used as a survey of the second and third levels of complexity, while developing the ability to highlight the main thing based on the knowledge already acquired)

    ticket system (most often used when conducting exams and tests, requires well-developed monologue speech, and is carried out upon completion of a large section, or the entire course as a whole; when compiling a ticket survey form, the topic of each of them should cover all topics in one ticket)

The main disadvantage of oral questioning is the subjective attitude of the teacher towards the student.

    Written control

The student’s written response, which most fully reveals the essence of the question in a logical sequence, can be carried out both in an individual and frontal form. The main requirement for a written survey is sufficient time to write a response, which depends on individual characteristics students.

Written survey techniques:

    survey using cards ( test), this survey technique is carried out, as a rule, to identify knowledge in two directions of deep assimilation of a separately covered topic or as a control section for the assimilation of individual concepts of an entire section; cards can contain questions of all levels,

    dictation is a technique in which express diagnostics of the assimilation of the material covered is possible. The peculiarity is that the number of answer options is quite limited, usually no more than 5, and does not give a full assessment of the depth of acquired knowledge; in addition, dictation sentences should be composed of no more than 9 words, which is due to the psychological characteristics of the person; requirements for the composition of the question itself, which should not be composed in the form of a complex or, even more so, complexly subordinated sentence; when using this type of survey, the maximum level of questions is the second. The most primitive dictation is a dictation with answers yes no

    test when using this control technique, it is necessary to fulfill the following requirements: reliability - that the test will show the same results repeatedly under similar conditions, and validity - that the test detects and measures the level of mastery of exactly the knowledge that the teacher wants to test. The advantage of tests is that they can include questions of different levels, and the ease of processing the results, and the possibility of subjective assessment of the student’s knowledge disappears. At the same time, the test itself must have several more requirements. This is a clear formulation of questions, truly verified unambiguous answers, falling by their nature into one category, can be used when testing knowledge as a separate topic, a section of the final control. When assessing the correctness of the answers and the tasks themselves, the level of complexity of the questions should be taken into account, of which there are 3:

reproductive level 1 – questions that require a definite answer, either a definite answer, or simple reproduction of material already covered

work according to the algorithm level 2 - application of the acquired knowledge when solving the question posed according to an already known algorithm of actions.

Creative level 3 - independent search, use of previously acquired knowledge when solving non-algorithmic problems using knowledge not only in the section and topic being studied, but also in other subjects, the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships, patterns.

    Abstract The peculiarity of this type of work is that the student partially performs search work when working with several primary sources, highlighting the main generalization of the materials being studied, applying already acquired knowledge when covering this issue, the advantage is that as a result independent work The chosen topic for the abstract is studied most fully and deeply. Often, an abstract is confused with reports on a topic, despite the fact that they are subject to fairly stringent requirements, which are as follows: for school abstracts, the scope of the student’s own conclusions and conclusions. The analysis of the issue being disclosed must be no less than 20% of the entire volume of the abstract; when writing the abstract, primary sources that are not textbooks, educational/methodological aids must be used, in the worst case it is popular scientific literature. However, when checking abstracts, the difficulty is that the teacher, in principle, must know almost all the literature that can be used when writing an abstract. As a rule, an abstract is a work that must satisfy level 3 of complexity.

The criteria for assessing work in all literature when checking the quality of students' knowledge are based on the following criteria.

5 – fully proficient, subject to solving problems of all levels of complexity and obtaining over 80% reliable (correct)

information in the presence of tasks of all levels or 95% when completing tasks of level 1, respectively, the percentage of correct answers will vary depending on the complexity of the tasks; in the presence of tasks of levels 1 and 2, the number of correct answers, respectively, will be from 87 to 90%

provided that in tasks containing three levels the ratio between levels is 50:30:20, the first and second levels are 60/65:40/35, during an oral survey the answer is exhaustive and complete, not requiring additions or clarifications from the teacher

4 – sufficiently proficient, given on the condition of solving problems of levels 1 and 2 in a three-level task and receiving from 65 to 70% of correct information or 75% when solving problems of level 1; during an oral survey, the answer contains small omissions, which are corrected by the student with leading questions teachers in small quantities.

3 - insufficiently proficient, given on the condition that tasks of the first level in multi-level tasks are solved in an amount of at least 75% or with 505 correct answers to the questions of a single-level task. An oral answer contains factual errors that are corrected with additional questions from the teacher, an incomplete answer, illogical construction of the answer, an unrelated story, weak monologue speech, an answer with the help of the teacher.