Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov born October 10 (November 28), 1821 in Ukraine, near Vinnitsa, in the town of Nemirov. The boy was not even three years old when his father, a Yaroslavl landowner and retired officer, moved his family to the family estate Greshnevo. Here he spent his childhood - among the apple trees of a vast garden, near the Volga, which Nekrasov called the cradle, and next to the famous Sibirka, or Vladimirka, about which he recalled: “Everything that walked and traveled along it and was known, starting with postal troikas and ending with prisoners , chained, accompanied by guards, was the constant food of our childhood curiosity."

1832 – 1837 – studied at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Nekrasov is an average student, periodically conflicting with his superiors over his satirical poems.

In 1838, his literary life began, which lasted for forty years.

1838 - 1840 - Nikolai Nekrasov was a volunteer student at the Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg University. Having learned about this, his father deprives him of financial support. According to Nekrasov’s own recollections, he lived in poverty for about three years, surviving on small odd jobs. At the same time, the poet is part of the literary and journalistic circle of St. Petersburg.

Also in 1838, Nekrasov’s first publication took place. The poem “Thought” is published in the magazine “Son of the Fatherland”. Later, several poems appear in the “Library for Reading”, then in the “Literary Additions to the Russian Invalid”.
Nekrasov's poems appeared in print in 1838; in 1840, at his own expense, the first collection of poems, “Dreams and Sounds,” signed “N.N.”, was published. The collection was not successful even after criticism from V.G. Belinsky in Otechestvennye Zapiski was destroyed by Nekrasov and became a bibliographic rarity.

For the first time, his attitude to the living conditions of the poorest strata Russian population and open slavery is expressed in the poem “Talker” (1843). From this period, Nekrasov began to write poems with an actual social orientation, which a little later became interested in censorship. Such anti-serfdom poems appeared as “The Coachman’s Tale”, “Motherland”, “Before the Rain”, “Troika”, “The Gardener”. The poem “Motherland” was immediately banned by censorship, but was distributed in manuscripts and became especially popular in revolutionary circles. Belinsky rated this poem so highly that he was completely delighted.

Using the borrowed money, the poet, together with the writer Ivan Panaev, rented the Sovremennik magazine in the winter of 1846. Young progressive writers and all those who serfdom it was hateful. The first issue of the new Sovremennik took place in January 1847. It was the first magazine in Russia that expressed revolutionary democratic ideas and, most importantly, had a coherent and clear program of action. The very first issues included “The Thieving Magpie” and “Who’s to Blame?” Herzen, stories from “Notes of a Hunter” by Turgenev, articles by Belinsky and many other works of the same focus. Nekrasov published “Hound Hunt” from his works.

The influence of the magazine grew every year, until in 1862 the government suspended its publication and then completely banned the magazine.

In 1866, Sovremennik was closed. In 1868, Nekrasov acquired the right to publish the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, with which the last years of his life were associated. During his work at Otechestvennye zapiski, he created the poems “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (1866-1876), “Grandfather” (1870) ), “Russian Women” (1871-1872), wrote a series of satirical works, the pinnacle of which was the poem “Contemporaries” (1878).

The last years of the poet's life were filled with elegiac motifs associated with the loss of friends, awareness of loneliness, and serious illness. During this period the following works appeared: “Three Elegies” (1873), “Morning”, “Despondency”, “Elegy” (1874), “The Prophet” (1874), “To the Sowers” ​​(1876). In 1877, the cycle of poems “Last Songs” was created.

Nekrasov’s funeral at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg acquired the character of a socio-political manifestation. At the civil memorial service, speeches were made by Dostoevsky, P.V. Zasodimsky, G.V. Plekhanov and others. In 1881, a monument was erected at the grave (sculptor M.A. Chizhov).

Streets were named after Nekrasov: in St. Petersburg in 1918 (former Basseynaya, see Nekrasova Street), in Rybatskoye, Pargolovo. His name was given to Library No. 9 of the Smolninsky District and Pedagogical School No. 1. In 1971, a monument to Nekrasov was unveiled on the corner of Nekrasov Street and Grechesky Avenue (sculptor L. Yu. Eidlin, architect V. S. Vasilkovsky).

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich, (1821-1877) Russian poet

Born in the town of Nemirovo (Podolsk province) in the family of a small nobleman. My childhood years were spent in the village of Greshnev on the family estate of my father, an extremely despotic man. At the age of 10 he was sent to the Yaroslavl gymnasium.

At the age of 17 he moved to St. Petersburg, but, refusing to devote himself military career, as his father insisted, was deprived of material support. In order not to die of hunger, he began to write poetry commissioned by booksellers. During this time he met V. Belinsky.

In 1847, Nekrasov and Panaev acquired the Sovremennik magazine, founded by A.S. Pushkin. The influence of the magazine grew every year, until in 1862 the government suspended its publication and then completely banned the magazine.

While working on Sovremennik, Nekrasov published several collections of poems, including “Peddlers” (1856) and “Peasant Children” (1856), which brought him fame as a poet.

In 1869, Nekrasov acquired the right to publish the journal Otechestvennye zapiski and published it. During his work at Otechestvennye zapiski, he created the poems “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (1866-1876), “Grandfather” (1870), “Russian Women” (1871-1872), wrote a series of satirical works, the pinnacle of which was the poem “ Contemporaries" (1875).

At the beginning of 1875, Nekrasov became seriously ill; neither the famous surgeon nor the operation could stop the rapidly developing rectal cancer. At this time, he began work on the cycle “Last Songs” (1877), a kind of poetic testament dedicated to Fekla Anisimovna Viktorova (in the work of Nekrasov Zinaida), last love poet. Nekrasov died at the age of 56.

Nikolay Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet, writer and publicist. His works have become classics of Russian literature. He was one of the first poets who began to pay great attention to peasant life.

Biography of Nekrasov

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on November 28, 1821 in Nemirov, Podolsk province Russian Empire. He had 13 brothers and sisters, 10 of whom died in childhood.

Nekrasov's father, Alexey Sergeevich, was a despotic and harsh man. While working as an ispravnik (head of the police), he often had to forcefully extort arrears from the peasants.

Childhood and youth

Father often took little Kolya with him when he worked on the road. As a result of such forced business trips, the future writer was an involuntary witness to many terrible pictures.

He often saw how peasants who were unable to pay taxes were beaten to death, and their relatives were subjected to all kinds of human humiliation.

In addition, the father repeatedly organized orgies with serf girls, who had to obey their master.

One of these mistresses was Nekrasov’s mother, who suffered cruel treatment from the police officer.

All these events affected Nekrasov’s biography and influenced the development of his personality.

Education

At the age of 11, Nikolai began studying at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. His academic performance was not very good due to the fact that he free time wrote.

After studying at the gymnasium for 5 years, he graduated in 1837, the year he tragically died. Since the father wanted to make his son a military man, in 1838 he enrolled him in the Konstantinovsky Artillery School, located in.

However, the future writer was not very interested in military affairs, as a result of which he decided to enter St. Petersburg University.

This decision infuriated my father. He threatened his son to stop material support, if he goes to university.

Interestingly, this did not frighten Nekrasov at all, as a result of which he began to actively prepare for passing the exams. But he failed to pass them, so he became a volunteer student at the Faculty of Philology.

Difficult years

Due to the fact that the father stopped sending money to his son, Nikolai found himself in dire need. He often went hungry, and often he simply had nowhere to sleep. For some time he lived on the street, eking out a miserable existence.

One day, a beggar passing by took pity on him and took him to one of the slums, where he could at least have a roof over his head.

These years will become the most difficult in Nekrasov’s biography, although they tempered his youth.

Literary activity

A few years later, Nekrasov managed to adapt to the conditions in which he lived. Soon he began writing short articles and publishing in various publications. In addition, he periodically gave lessons, thanks to which he had additional income.

Nikolai Alekseevich plunged headlong into literature, reading works by Russian and foreign authors. After this, he began to hone his skills in writing poetry and vaudeville, and also worked hard on prose.

As a result, he earned the amount of money needed to publish his first collection of poems, Dreams and Sounds (1840).

An interesting fact is that Nekrasov was very upset by criticism of his works, since by nature he was a very emotional person.

Something similar was done before him, who bought and burned Hanz Küchelgarten.

However, despite the criticism, Nikolai Nekrasov did not give up, but rather continued to work on himself. Soon he began collaborating with the famous St. Petersburg publication Otechestvennye zapiski.

Every year his work became better and better, and pretty soon warm and friendly relations developed between Nekrasov and Belinsky.

During this period, Nekrasov’s biography and works began to be actively published and received positive reviews from critics, including Belinsky himself.

The writer also did not experience any difficulties financially. In 1846, he, together with like-minded people, acquired the magazine Sovremennik, in which many writers later began to publish:, etc.

Due to the fact that the publication was under tsarist censorship, most of the works were of an adventure nature, but this in no way affected the popularity of the magazine.

In the mid-50s, a serious problem occurred in Nekrasov’s biography. He falls ill with a throat disease, as a result of which he has to go to Italy for treatment.

After staying there for some time, he recovered and returned to his homeland again. Meanwhile, his works began to be considered among the best, and Dobrolyubov was among his loyal friends and assistants.

In 1866, Sovremennik was closed, as a result of which Nekrasov had to look for new ways to continue his activities.

Soon he rented the publication Otechestvennye Zapiski, in which he began to successfully publish his own works, as well as collaborate with other writers.

The most famous work in Nekrasov’s biography is the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” which was completed in 1876.

It told the story of the journey of 7 simple men looking for a happy person.

After it, from the poet’s pen many poems came out that had positive reviews from both critics and ordinary readers.

Love in the life of a poet

In Nekrasov’s biography there were 3 women who differed from each other both in character and social status.

His first love was Avdotya Panaeva, whom Nekrasov first saw in 1842. Soon they began a whirlwind romance, as a result of which they began to live together.

And although they were not officially married, they managed to live together for more than 15 years. Avdotya was a literate and beautiful woman.

An interesting fact is that Fyodor Dostoevsky was in love with her, who, however, was never able to achieve reciprocity (see).

Nekrasov's next girlfriend was the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, who was distinguished by her easy character and simplicity.

Their close relationship developed over several years, but it never came to marriage.

The third and last woman in Nekrasov’s biography was Fekla Viktorova.

She lived all her life in the village, and was a very simple and good-natured person.

Despite the fact that she had a meager education, Nikolai Alekseevich fell madly in love with her.

The couple got married six months before the poet’s death, unable to fully enjoy their married life.

Death

In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. The illness caused a lot of suffering, which did not allow him to fully engage in writing.

However, after he began to receive letters from devoted readers, he perked up and took up the pen again.

Sick Nekrasov continues to work in bed

In the last years of his life, he managed to write the satirical poem “Contemporaries”, and also composed a number of poems “Last Songs”.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov died on December 27, 1877 at the age of 56 years. Despite the severe December frosts, thousands of people came to say goodbye to the Russian poet.

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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian writer and poet who made the whole world admire with his works.

Origin

Nikolay Nekrasov was born into a noble family, which at that time had quite a large fortune. The poet’s birthplace is considered to be the city of Nemirov, located in the Podolsk province.

The writer's father, Alexey Sergeevich Nekrasov, was a military officer and a wealthy landowner who was very fond of gambling and cards.

N. Nekrasov's mother, Elena Zakrevskaya, came from a wealthy family, the head of which was a respected man. Elena had a broad outlook and impressive beauty, so Zakrevskaya’s parents were against marriage with Alexei, but the wedding took place against the will of the parents.

Nikolay Nekrasov loved his mother very much which can be seen in the works “Last Songs”, “Mother” and in other poems and poems. It is the mother who is the main positive person in the writer’s world.

The poet's childhood and education

The writer spent his childhood with his brothers and sisters on the Greshnevo estate, which belonged to his family.

Young the poet saw how ordinary people suffered under the yoke of the landowners. This served as the idea for his future works.

When the boy turned 11 years old, he was sent to a gymnasium, where he studied until the 5th grade. Nekrasov was a weak student, but his first poems already filled the pages of notebooks.

A serious step. The beginning of creativity

N. Nekrasov's next step was to move to St. Petersburg, where he expressed a desire to attend lectures at the university.

The writer's father was a strict and principled man who wanted his son to become a military man. Son went against my father's wishes depriving yourself of financial support and respect from your family.

In a new city to survive I had to earn money by writing articles. This is how the aspiring poet met the famous critic Belinsky. A couple of years later, Nekrasov becomes the owner of the famous literary publication Sovremennik, which had great influence, but soon censorship closes the magazine.

Active work of the writer. Contribution to literature

Having earned a significant amount of money, Nekrasov decides to publish his first collection of poems “Dreams and Sounds”. The people did not like the collection, so it was a complete failure, but the poet did not get upset and began writing prose works.

The Sovremennik magazine, in which Nikolai Nekrasov edited and wrote texts, greatly influenced the life of the writer. At the same time, the poet created several collections of personal poems. For the first time big Nekrasov’s works “Peasant Children” and “Peddlers” brought fame to Nekrasov.

The Sovremennik magazine showed the world such talented people as I. Goncharov and other writers and poets. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoevsky became known to the whole world thanks to Nikolai Nekrasov, who decided to publish them on the pages of the magazine.

In the 40s of the 19th century, another publication, “Notes of the Fatherland,” began to collaborate with Nikolai Nekrasov.

Young Nekrasov saw how difficult it was for a simple peasant, so this did not go unnoticed in the writer’s works. A striking feature of Nekrasov’s work is use of colloquial speech in works: poems and stories.

Nekrasov for ten recent years life releases a lot famous works about the Decembrists and the common people: “Who is happy in Rus'”, “Grandfather”, “Russian women” and others.

Death of a Writer

In 1875, N. Nekrasov was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. The poet dedicates his last collection, “Last Songs,” created in terrible agony, to Zinaida Nikolaevna, his wife.

On December 27, 1877, Nikolai Nekrasov was overcome by illness. The grave of the writer, who made a huge contribution to literary life, is located in St. Petersburg.

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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on November 28 (December 10), 1821 in the city of Nemirov, Podolsk province, into a wealthy landowner family. The writer spent his childhood years in the Yaroslavl province, the village of Greshnevo, on a family estate. The family was large - the future poet had 13 sisters and brothers.

At the age of 11, he entered the gymnasium, where he studied until the 5th grade. Young Nekrasov’s studies were not going well. It was during this period that Nekrasov began to write his first satirical poems and write them down in a notebook.

Education and the beginning of a creative path

The poet's father was cruel and despotic. He deprived Nekrasov financial assistance when he didn’t want to enroll military service. In 1838, Nekrasov’s biography included a move to St. Petersburg, where he entered the university’s Faculty of Philology as a volunteer student. In order not to die of hunger, experiencing a great need for money, he finds part-time work, gives lessons and writes poetry to order.

During this period, he met the critic Belinsky, who would later have a strong ideological influence on the writer. At the age of 26, Nekrasov, together with the writer Panaev, bought the Sovremennik magazine. The magazine quickly became popular and had significant influence in society. In 1862, the government banned its publication.

Literary activity

Having accumulated enough funds, Nekrasov published his debut collection of poems, “Dreams and Sounds” (1840), which failed. Vasily Zhukovsky advised that most of the poems in this collection should be published without the name of the author. After this, Nikolai Nekrasov decides to move away from poetry and take up prose, writing novellas and short stories. The writer is also engaged in the publication of some almanacs, in one of which Fyodor Dostoevsky made his debut. The most successful almanac was the “Petersburg Collection” (1846).

From 1847 to 1866 he was the publisher and editor of the Sovremennik magazine, which employed the best writers of that time. The magazine was a hotbed of revolutionary democracy. While working at Sovremennik, Nekrasov published several collections of his poems. His works “Peasant Children” and “Peddlers” brought him wide fame.

On the pages of the Sovremennik magazine, such talents as Ivan Turgenev, Ivan Goncharov, Alexander Herzen, Dmitry Grigorovich and others were discovered. The already famous Alexander Ostrovsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Gleb Uspensky were published in it. Thanks to Nikolai Nekrasov and his magazine, Russian literature learned the names of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy.

In the 1840s, Nekrasov collaborated with the magazine Otechestvennye zapiski, and in 1868, after the closure of the Sovremennik magazine, he rented it from the publisher Kraevsky. The last ten years of the writer’s life were associated with this magazine. At this time, Nekrasov wrote the epic poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (1866-1876), as well as “Russian Women” (1871-1872), “Grandfather” (1870) - poems about the Decembrists and their wives, and some more satirical works, the pinnacle of which was the poem “Contemporaries” (1875).

Nekrasov wrote about the suffering and grief of the Russian people, about difficult life peasantry. He also introduced a lot of new things into Russian literature, in particular, he used simple Russian in his works colloquial speech. This undoubtedly showed the richness of the Russian language, which came from the people. In his poems, he first began to combine satire, lyricism and elegiac motifs. Briefly speaking, the poet’s work made an invaluable contribution to the development of Russian classical poetry and literature in general.

Personal life

The poet had several love affairs in his life: with the owner of the literary salon Avdotya Panaeva, the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, and the village girl Fyokla Viktorova.

One of the most beautiful women in St. Petersburg and the wife of the writer Ivan Panaev, Avdotya Panaeva, was liked by many men, and the young Nekrasov had to make a lot of effort to win her attention. Finally, they confess their love to each other and begin to live together. After the early death of their common son, Avdotya leaves Nekrasov. And he leaves for Paris with the French theater actress Selina Lefren, whom he had known since 1863. She remains in Paris, and Nekrasov returns to Russia. However, their romance continues at a distance. Later, he meets a simple and uneducated girl from the village - Fyokla (Nekrasov gives her the name Zina), with whom they later got married.

Nekrasov had many affairs, but the main woman in Nikolai Nekrasov’s biography was not his legal wife, but Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva, whom he loved all his life.

Last years of life

In 1875, the poet was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. In the painful years before his death, he wrote “Last Songs” - a cycle of poems that the poet dedicated to his wife and last love, Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova. The writer died on December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878) and was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Chronological table

• The writer did not like some of his own works, and he asked not to include them in collections. But friends and publishers urged Nekrasov not to exclude any of them. Perhaps this is why the attitude towards his work among critics is very contradictory - not everyone considered his works to be brilliant.
• Nekrasov was fond of playing cards, and quite often he was lucky in this matter. Once, while playing for money with A. Chuzhbinsky, Nikolai Alekseevich lost a large sum of money to him. As it turned out later, the cards were marked with the enemy's long fingernail. After this incident, Nekrasov decided to no longer play with people who have long nails.
• Another passionate hobby of the writer was hunting. Nekrasov loved to go bear hunting and hunt game. This hobby found a response in some of his works (“Peddlers”, “Dog Hunt”, etc.) One day, Nekrasov’s wife, Zina, accidentally shot his beloved dog during a hunt. At the same time, Nikolai Alekseevich’s passion for hunting came to an end.
• A huge number of people gathered at Nekrasov’s funeral. In his speech, Dostoevsky awarded Nekrasov third place in Russian poetry after