Attention! Copyright! Reproduction is possible only with written permission. . Copyright infringers will be prosecuted in accordance with applicable law.

Tanya Marchant

Arkansas

In the original: Arkansas
Capital: Little Rock ( Little Rock)
Joined the United States: June 15, 1836
Square: 137.8 thousand sq. km
Population: 2.889 thousand people (July 2009)
Largest cities: Little Rock, Fort Smith, North Little Rock, Fayetteville, Jonesboro, Pine Bluff, Springdale, Conway, Rogers, Hot Springs.

Arkansas is one of the southwest central states as it borders the midwestern, western and southern states.

The southwestern lands of the state, with its cattle farms and sunflower fields, are located in the wild west prairie region. The dairy farms and orchards of northwest Arkansas are located in the so-called Corn Belt, its cotton plantations along the banks of the Mississippi River reminiscent of the Deep South.

Arkansas is rich in natural water resources, pristine forests and mineral resources, including oil, gas and many minerals.

As a separate, twenty-fifth state, Arkansas became part of the United States on June 15, 1836.

Before 1950, Arkansas was primarily an agricultural state. Its inhabitants were mainly engaged in farming, but this occupation did not bring huge incomes, and many left it, rushing to other lands in search of better life. Over time, Arkansas began to systematically develop its manufacturing industry and transportation.

At the end of 1950, the number of factories in the state exceeded the number of farms, so the manufacturing industry began to dominate the economy over agriculture. In 1990, Arkansas was rightfully considered a state dominated by manufacturing (light industry) and various services.

In addition, one of the most important sectors of the economy is tourism.

Arkansas' strong economic balance and favorable business opportunities in the state have given Arkansas its official name as the "Land of Opportunity." Arkansas is also called the Kingdom of Nature because its beautiful landscapes, forests, rivers and lakes attract many tourists every year.

State name history

Many of the names and place names of the state came from the languages ​​of travelers and explorers of these lands - from the languages ​​of the native Indians, Spanish, French and American settlers, who gave their names to the mountains, forests, rivers and cities of the state.

So Arkan-sa (ARkan-SAW) or Ar-kansas? (Ar-KANSAS)?

The word "Arkansas" comes from the days of French settlers.

At the time of the first exploration of these lands, Quapah Indians lived in the west of the Mississippi River and north of the Arkansas River. The Kwapa or U-gakw-pa (OO-GAQ-PA) were also called UGAKHOPAG, which meant "people living in the lower reaches of the stream."

The Indians who lived in the Ohio Valley, speaking the language of the Algonquin tribe, called them "Arkansas lands" or "south wind".

Therefore, the name of the state was pronounced differently in different historical times. In the Journal of 1673 the Indian word was written as AKANSEA. On the map of LaSalle, a few years later, the same word was changed to ACANSA. This map was based on the voyages of La Harpe in 1718-1722, who explored the Arkansas River and the LES AKANSAS Indians who lived along its shores. In 1811, Captain Zebulon Pike named the area ARKANSAW in his exploration report.

During the first days of Arkansas statehood, U.S. senators were divided on the correct pronunciation of the state's name. Some senators introduced themselves to the Senate as "Senator from Arkans" ("ARkanSAW"), others as "Senator from Arkansas" ("Ar-KANSAS").

In 1881, the General Assembly of States passed a resolution that decided that the name of this state should be written as "Arkansas" but pronounced as "Arkansaw".

Thus, the pronunciation of the name of this state was supposed to forever cement the memory of the Indians who were the original owners of these lands, as well as perpetuate the memory of the first French explorers of Arkansas.

Arkansas Rice Fields

Arkansas produces 2/5 of the US rice crop.

The state's humid climate and well-fertilized soils provide excellent sources of rich harvests. There are rich, extensive rice fields here.

Cuajita Mountains

In western Arkansas lie the Ouachita Mountains, covered with pine forests. Guests of the state - tourists, traveling through the Cuajita mountains, see beautiful mountain streams and picturesque waterfalls, one of which is Cedar Falls.

In 1951, construction was completed on the Bull Shoals Dam, which was built on the White River in the Ozark Mountains.

Hydroelectric power accounts for only a small portion of Arkansas' energy facilities. Among Arkansas' energy facilities, coal-burning plants and nuclear power plants are the state's predominant sources of electricity.

Bull Shoals Lake

In northern Arkansas rises the Ozark Plateau, an area of ​​steep, rugged mountains, hills and valleys rich in farming.

After the construction of the Bull Shoals dam, a lake arose, which was named: it arose Bull Shoals Lake. Here, on a lake in the Ozak Mountains, tourists and Arkansas residents relax in their river “houses on the water.”

Mississippi River

The Mississippi River, which is the eastern border of the state, intertwines with many of the rivers of Arkansas itself.

In the past, early colonists used this river as transport route much more often than railways and land roads. It was only by the end of 1800 that railways finally prevailed over water travel routes.

However, Arkansas waterways are still an integral part of the US transportation system.

Pea Ridge National Military Park

Pea Ridge National Military Park is located in northwest Arkansas. It was founded on the site of the first battle of the American Civil War.

In 1862, Union troops defeated the Confederate army and then quickly marched south and captured the city of Little Rock. After which the Confederation established new capital in the city of Washington, located in southwest Arkansas. Thus, Arkansas had two governments on its territory until the very end of the war in 1865 - Union and Confederate.

National Park-the museum tells about the times Civil War In the states, the park is based on the site of the first military hospital, established at the Elkhorn Tavern during the Battle of Pea Ridge.

State Capitol

The government building, the Arkansas State Capitol, was built in 1911 in the state capital of Little Rock.

The administrative authorities of Arkansas received the greatest attention and respect in 1992, when the former governor of the state, Bill Clinton, was elected President of the United States of America.

Smith Art Center

Smith Art Center - historical museum and the Commonwealth Arts Theater - is part of the Fort Smith National Historic Site. Located in western Arkansas.

The historical complex contains many interesting documents of the history of the city of Fort Smith, founded in 1817.

Popular new products, discounts, promotions

Reprinting or publication of articles on websites, forums, blogs, contact groups and mailing lists is NOT allowed

Capital of Arkansas: Little Rock
Official name: State of Arkansas(AR)
Largest city: Little Rock
Other major cities:
Harrison, Fort Smith, Fayetteville, Springdale, Jonesboro, North Little Rock, Pine Bluff, Conway, Rogers, Hot Springs
State nicknames: Natural State, Miracle State
State motto: The people rule
State formation date: 1836 (25th in order)


The name of the state of Arkansas comes from the language of the Indians who lived in what is now Arkansas when European settlers arrived here.
The word "Arkansas" came to English language from the French "Arcansas". In turn, the French, who founded the first settlements on the lands of Arkansas, borrowed the word “akakaze” from the language of the Quapaw Indians, which means “land of the people living down the river.”
According to another version, the name of the state of Arkansas comes from the word “Akakaze” (“people of the south wind”) in the language of the Sioux Indians.
Arkansas is bordered by Louisiana to the south, Texas and Oklahoma to the west, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, and Missouri to the north. The eastern part of the state is occupied by the Mississippi River lowlands, the northern part is occupied by the Ouachita Mountains and the hilly Ozark Plateau. The climate in the state is subtropical, moderately humid. Winters are quite mild with plenty of snow.

State Population

Population 2,937,979 people (32nd among US states; 2011 data).
Arkansas experienced significant population growth in the 1940s.

Ethnic composition

• “Americans” - 15.9%,
• African-Americans - 15.7%,
• Irish - 9.5%,
• Germans - 9.3%,
• English - 7.9%.

The fastest growing ethnic group is Asians

Racial composition of the state of Arkansas

• White - 77%
• Black (African-American) - 15.4%
• Asians - 1.2%
• Native Americans (Indians or Alaskan Eskimos) - 0.8%
• Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander - 0.2%
• Other races - 3.4%
• Two or more races - 2.0%
• Hispanic or Latino (any race) - 6.4%

State history

Before the arrival of Europeans, Arkansas was inhabited by the Cherokee, Osage, Caddo, Quapaw, and Choctaw tribes. The first European to explore Arkansas was the Spaniard Hernando de Soto in the 16th century. The expedition he led passed in 1539-40 through the territory of modern Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi, and in 1541 - through the lands of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana and Texas. De Soto declared the lands he explored to be Spanish possessions.
For several centuries, the state's territory passed from France to Spain and vice versa, until the United States bought it at the beginning of the 19th century. Arkansas entered the state as one of the main slave-owning regions. Many slaves worked on cotton plantations. Therefore, the wealthy population could not come to terms with the abolition of slavery, and for many years tried in every possible way to oppress the black population.
IN mid-19th century century, Arkansas experienced rapid growth, and the leading sector of the Arkansas economy was agriculture, and the basis agriculture- growing cotton on the fertile lands of the Arkansas Delta of the Mississippi River.
Arkansas is famous for an incident that happened in 1959. When racist state leadership prevented black children from going to school. Therefore, the US President had to lead troops who escorted black students to school. This incident is considered a symbol of the black struggle for freedom. civil rights. In honor of this event, the Little Rock Nine monument was built.

State attractions

Hot Springs National Park Arkansas

Translated, the park “Hot springs” means “Hot Springs”

Blanchard Caverns near Mountain View

Blanchard Caverns Arkansas

The Diamond Crater near Murfreesboro is the only place in the United States where diamonds are mined.

National reserve river Buffalo National River

The Arkansas State Capitol in Little Rock is a smaller copy of the Capitol in Washington.

Capital of Arkansas

The Smith Art Center, a historic museum and community arts theater, is part of the Fort Smith National Historic Site.

Arkansas tornado

■ Traces of the most ancient human sites in the United States have been found in Arkansas.
■ De Soto's expedition destroyed local Indian tribes. When the French came to the lands of the future Arkansas in 1673, they met very few people - most of the Indians died out from viruses brought by the Spaniards a century and a half earlier.
■ In 1957, Arkansas Governor Orville Faubus refused to allow white and black children to be educated together. To restore the rule of law, President Dwight Eisenhower had to send troops into Little Rock.
■ Arkansas was the birthplace of General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), who took office in 1945. the surrender of Japan, and former US President Bill Clinton (1946).

Funny State Laws

■ The law establishes that wages will not increase by school teachers who cut their hair too short.
■ Prohibits “anyone, under any pretext, from coming within 50 feet of any polling station windows or doors” on Election Day and during vote counting, making all voters in the state criminals.
■ A man has the right to beat his wife, but not more than once a month.
■ You cannot keep a crocodile in the bathtub.
■ The Arkansas River is not allowed to rise above the level of the Little Rock Bridge.
■ Oral sex is considered a manifestation of pederasty.
■ The word “Arkansas” should be pronounced “Arkanso.”
■ It is illegal to kill “any living thing” in Fayetteville.
■ In Little Rock, you can't walk a cow on Main Street after 1 p.m. on Sunday.
■ In the city of Little Rock, dogs are prohibited from barking after 6 p.m.
■ In Little Rock, flirting between a man and a woman on the street could easily result in 30 days in prison.

Arkansas (Arkansas) is a state in the southern United States, belongs to the group of states of the Southwestern Center.
The state's area is 137,002 sq. km (29th place in the USA).
Arkansas was formed on June 15, 1836 (25 in the United States).

The state's population is more than 2,900 million people (32nd among US states).
The capital and largest city is Little Rock.
The state abbreviation for Arkansas is AR.

The motto of the state of Arkansas is “The people rule” (Latin: Regnat populus - The people rule).
Arkansas nicknames - "Natural State", "Land of Opportunity", "Wonder State", "Hot Water State", "Bear State" ).

Arkansas state name

The name of the state of Arkansas comes from the language of the Indians who lived in what is now Arkansas when European settlers arrived here.

The word "Arkansas" came into English from the French "Arcansas". In turn, the French, who founded the first settlements on the lands of Arkansas, borrowed the word “akakaze” from the language of the Quapaw Indians, which means “land of the people living down the river.”

According to another version, the name of the state of Arkansas comes from the word "Akakaze" ("people of the south wind") in the language of the Sioux Indians.

From the same roots as the name Arkansas comes the names of the river and the state of Kansas.

Story

Before the arrival of Europeans, Arkansas was inhabited by the Cherokee, Osage, Caddo, Quapaw, and Choctaw tribes. The first European to explore Arkansas was the Spaniard Hernando de Soto in the 16th century. The expedition he led passed in 1539-40 through the territory of modern Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi, and in 1541 - through the lands of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana and Texas. De Soto declared the lands he explored to be Spanish possessions.

In 1686, the French, under the leadership of Henry de Tonti, founded the first European settlement in Arkansas near a strategically important point - the confluence of the Arkansas and Mississippi rivers - Arkansas Post.

In 1722, the French founded a trading post, which later became the capital and largest city of Arkansas - Little Rock. Spain and France disputed each other's rights to American lands, including Arkansas, but in fact Indians lived here, and only a few European traders and hunters visited.

In 1803, the United States bought its American colonies from France. Arkansas lands became part of the newly formed Louisiana Territory, and later the Missouri Territory. The Arkansas Territory was created in 1819, and in 1836 Arkansas became the twenty-fifth state of the United States.

Arkansas played a very large role during the Texas War of Independence from Mexico and later during the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848. It was in Arkansas that many volunteer units that participated in military conflicts with Mexico were formed.

In the mid-19th century, Arkansas experienced rapid growth, with the leading sector of the Arkansas economy being agriculture, and the basis of agriculture was the cultivation of cotton in the fertile lands of the Arkansas Mississippi River Delta.

Slave labor was widely used on cotton plantations. By 1860, a quarter of Arkansas's population were slaves, and one in five white Arkansans was a slave owner. True, most of these slave owners had few slaves; only twelve percent of them owned more than twenty people. But it was these few planters who were the richest people in Arkansas and practically determined the politics of the state. From then on, and for a long time, life in Arkansas was largely determined and dependent on problems of race relations.

During the American Civil War, Arkansas joined the Confederacy. During the war, thousands of state residents died, black and white, fighting on the side of the Confederacy or northerners.

After the end of the American Civil War, Arkansas went through a difficult period of reconstruction. During the war, the economy and social structures the state was destroyed, almost by the time hostilities ended, there was no government in the state and anarchy reigned.

The result of the victory of the US federal government was the abolition of slavery, and it was on the labor of slaves that the "cotton" agriculture of Arkansas was based. Rich planters were not going to lose their influence and in every possible way prevented the implementation of reforms. As in other southern states of the United States, the Ku Klux Klan was growing in strength in Arkansas.

Soon, African Americans not only gained the right to vote, but even several black citizens of Arkansas were elected to the state legislature.

Traditionally, Arkansas's main transportation arteries have been rivers, the most important of which is the Mississippi. Mostly cotton plantations were located in the valley of this greatest river USA. With the advent railways, which provided quick and convenient access to various regions of Arkansas, another boom in the state's economy began.

Now in Arkansas they grew not only cotton, but also strawberries, peaches, apples, and vegetables. The timber industry, production of lumber, furniture, and other wood products developed rapidly. Minerals began to be mined in Arkansas, mainly coal.

At the beginning of the 20th century, many immigrants from Europe came to Arkansas, mainly Germans, Irish, and Slovaks.
At the same time, in the first decades of the 20th century, Arkansas, like other states of the US South, was affected by the Great Migration. Many black residents of the state moved to the north, where they could count on getting well-paid jobs in factories in the US industrial belt. Moreover, in the northern states they actually had the same rights.

The issue of civil rights and racial discrimination remained relevant for Arkansas for a long time. The population of this largely rural state was very conservative, especially in matters of religion and race. Traditionally, the Ku Klux Klan had a strong position in Arkansas, and the Ku Klux Klansmen named not only blacks, but also Jews, Catholics and foreigners as their targets.

The years of the Great Depression were complicated by natural disasters in Arkansas. In 1927, Arkansas was hit hard by the Great Mississippi Flood, with 14% of the state flooded. Droughts followed the floods.

U.S. involvement in World War II accelerated the industrialization of Arkansas. Defense industry enterprises were created in the state, and a significant number of military orders were placed, paid for by the US federal government. Many Arkansans moved from rural areas to cities. Also, several military facilities were based in the state: arsenals, training units, airfields.

At the same time, the division of people along racial lines remained; even soldiers of the same unit with different skin colors going on leave were forced to rest separately. During the war, several camps were created in Arkansas for internment of American citizens - ethnic Japanese, as well as for prisoners of war of Germans and Italians.

Modern Arkansas is a state fully integrated into the US economy, which, however, still remains largely agricultural and very conservative. The problems of the very difficult desegregation process in Arkansas are becoming less and less felt. More and more state residents are moving to cities, increasing general level education of the population and its income.

Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States, was born in Arkansas. Before his presidency, Clinton served as the 40th and 42nd governor of Arkansas, a total of nearly twelve years in office.

Arkansas Sights

The main attraction of the state of Arkansas is nature - rivers, lakes, reservoirs, mountains, numerous nature reserves and parks - 6 that are part of the US National Park system, and 47 state parks. Arkansas, especially its northern border, is one of the largest mineral hot springs in the world. The pearl among them is Hot Springs National Park. For more than 200 years, people have been using the healing properties of its hot springs for therapeutic purposes. Not only Americans, but also residents of other countries come here for treatment.

Among the state's attractions it is worth noting:

■ Hot Springs National Park;
■ National historical complex Fort Smith;
■ Eureka Springs Resort;
■ Blanchard Caverns near Mountain View;
■ Diamond Crater near Murfreesboro is the only place in the United States where diamonds are mined;
■ National Nature Reserve Buffalo (Buffalo National River);
■Mid-America Museum;
■ Ozark Folk Center;
■ Arkansas State Capitol in Little Rock - a smaller copy of the Capitol in Washington.

Arkansas State University

Arkansas State University was founded in 1909 and is the region's only public university. The university is located in Jonesboro, an hour's drive from Memphis and a few hours' drive from Little Rock, St. Louis and Nashville.

The university was founded in 1909 as a regional agricultural school. In 1918 it began offering two-year college-level programs, and in 1925 it became the "First District College of Agriculture and Mechanization." Four-year programs began in 1930, and in 1933 the College of Agriculture and Mechanization became state college Arkansas. Legislature Arkansas State upgraded the college to university status, and in 1967 it received the name State University State of Arkansas.

Arkansas State University is accredited by the Commission on Higher education Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association. In addition, the university has more than 20 different accreditations. Arkansas State University offers over 250 academic programs, associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. More than 85% teaching staff universities have highest degree according to your specialization.

To date, Arkansas State University has graduated more than 61,000 students.

Interesting facts

■ Traces of the most ancient human sites in the United States have been found in Arkansas.
■ De Soto's expedition destroyed local Indian tribes. When the French came to the lands of the future Arkansas in 1673, they met very few people - most of the Indians died out from viruses brought by the Spaniards a century and a half earlier.
■ In 1957, Arkansas Governor Orville Faubus refused to allow white and black children to be educated together. To restore the rule of law, President Dwight Eisenhower had to send troops into Little Rock.
■ General Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964), who accepted the surrender of Japan in 1945, and former US President Bill Clinton (1946) were born in Arkansas.

State symbols

■Arkansas State Flower - Apple Blossom (Malus domestica)
■Arkansas state tree - lodgepole pine (Pinus taeda)
■ Arkansas State Animal - White-tailed (Virginian) Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
■ Arkansas state bird - the polyglot mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
■ Arkansas state butterfly - Speyeria diana
■ Arkansas State Insect - Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
■ Arkansas state mineral - quartz
■ Arkansas State Gem - Diamond
■ Arkansas State Drink - Milk
■ Arkansas State Product - Tomato

Funny State Laws

■ The law stipulates that the salaries of school teachers who cut their hair too short will not be increased.
■ It is prohibited for “anyone, under any pretext, to come within 50 feet of any polling station windows or doors” on Election Day and during the counting of votes, making all voters in the state criminals.
■ A man has the right to beat his wife, but not more than once a month.
■ You cannot keep a crocodile in the bathtub.
■ The Arkansas River is not allowed to rise above the level of the Little Rock Bridge.
■ Oral sex is considered a manifestation of pederasty.
■ The word "Arkansas" should be pronounced "Arkanso."
■ It is illegal to kill “any living thing” in Fayetteville.
■ In Little Rock, you can't walk a cow on Main Street after 1 p.m. on Sunday.
■ In the city of Little Rock, dogs are prohibited from barking after 6 p.m.
■ In Little Rock, flirting between a man and a woman on the street could easily result in 30 days in prison.

Arkansas (English Arkansas) is a state in the southern United States, belongs to the group of states of the Southwestern Center. Population 2.673 million people (33rd among US states; data 2000). The capital and largest city is Little Rock. Others major cities No.

The official nickname is “Natural State”.

Year of formation: 1836 (25th in order)
State slogan: The people rule
Formal name: State of Arkansas
Most big city state: Little Rock
State capital: Little Rock
Population: more than 2.6 million people (33rd place in the country).
Area: 137.7 thousand sq. km. (29th place in the country.)
More big cities in the state: Fort Smith, Fayetteville, Springdale, Jonesboro, North Little Rock, Pine Bluff, Conway, Rogers, Hot Springs

Geography and climate of Arkansas

The area of ​​Arkansas is 137.8 thousand km² (29th place among states). The state is bordered by Louisiana in the south, Texas and Oklahoma in the west, Tennessee and Mississippi in the east, and Missouri in the north.

In the east of the state is the Mississippi River lowland, in the north are the Ouachita Mountains and the hilly Ozark Plateau. The climate is subtropical, moderately humid. Winters are mild and snowy. Precipitation exceeds 1000 mm per year. The average temperature in January is +2…+15°C, in July -+27°C. In summer the heat can reach +40°C.

History of Arkansas

The first Europeans to explore Arkansas were members of the Hernando De Soto expedition (1541). The first settlers in the state were the French, later the British and Germans. From XVI to early XIX centuries, the territory of Arkansas was disputed between Spain and France.

State, USA. Named after the Arkansas River. Hydronym from the Indian Akenzea with unknown value. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001. Arkansas... Geographical encyclopedia

State in the southern USA. 138 thousand km². Population 2.4 million people (1993). Adm. c. Little Rock... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

I (Arkansas), a river in the USA, a right tributary of the Mississippi. 2410 km, basin area 416 thousand km2. Average water flow is about 1300 m3/s. Navigable 1000 km from the mouth. There is a large reservoir in the Arkansas basin. II state in the southern USA. 138 thousand km2.… … Encyclopedic Dictionary

The stone on which compass pins are sharpened. Samoilov K. I. Marine dictionary. M.L.: State Naval Publishing House NKVMF USSR, 1941 ... Marine Dictionary

- [by the name of the state of North America] – white fine-grained stone; used as sharpening stones Big dictionary foreign words. Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Noun, number of synonyms: 3 stone (192) river (2073) state (133) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin... Dictionary of synonyms

I Arkansas (Arkansas) river in the USA, right, second largest (after Missouri) tributary of the Mississippi. Length 2410 km. The basin area is 470 thousand km2. It originates in the Rocky Mountains, in the upper reaches it flows through narrow, deep gorges (Royal... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

One of southern states North American Union, between 33° and 36° 30 north. w. and 89° 30 and 94° 30 z. d. (from Green.), bordered on the E. by the Mississippi River and the state of Missouri, on the N. Missouri, on the W. by Indian Territory and Texas, on the S. Louisiana and occupies ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Arkansas- state, USA. Named after the Arkansas River. Hydronym from the Indian Akenzea with unknown meaning... Toponymic dictionary

Arkansas- arkansas ace, a (mineral) ... Russian spelling dictionary

Books

• Garden of earthly joys
• The Garden of Earthly Delights, Joyce Carol Oates. The novel takes place in Arkansas. The Carlton family, in search of seasonal work, is forced to travel a long distance through dusty and hot terrain. Physical suffering and deprivation...