Transcript
1 The world around us 1st grade. What is the world around us Topic: What is the world around us Class: 1 Lesson duration: 35 minutes Form of organization of classes (type of lesson): lesson with elements of research and play activity. Lesson type: introductory lesson, lesson on introducing a new academic subject and multimedia resource. Pedagogical technologies used: traditional educational technology; information and communication technology; elements of organization technology research activities students and elements of a differentiated approach to learning. Materials and equipment: computer class equipped with OK “PRIMARY SCHOOL. The world around us. 1st, 2nd grades”, student workbooks, textbooks. Lesson objectives: Mastering initial ideas about the world around us, about objects of living and inanimate nature, about working tools of electronic educational resources of the educational kit (EER OK) “PRIMARY SCHOOL”: lesson control panels, slides, diagnostic panel, answer control levers, with a fabulous character Cosmic; formation and consolidation of computer skills, general educational and research skills: observation, comparison, systematization and classification, etc. Creating conditions for formation and development mental functions, abilities, motivational attitudes, creative research thinking through involvement in active educational research activities. Formation of moral and volitional qualities, the ability to control one’s behavior in educational situations. The main elements of the lesson content: The surrounding world, living and inanimate nature, the fairy-tale character Cosmic, emoticons, answer control levers, control panels, arrows, slides. Requirements for the level of training of students: Based on the results of the lesson, students should: Have ideas about the world around them, about objects of living and inanimate nature, give approximate answers to the question: “Why do you need to study the world around you?”, Know distinctive features objects of living and inanimate nature, multimedia resource management tools OK "PRIMARY SCHOOL": lesson control panel, slide control panel, answer control levers, be able to use a computer mouse, enter the OK "PRIMARY SCHOOL" program, make simple observations, compare objects living and inanimate nature, give answers in the form of a small sentence to simple questions from the teacher or fairy tale character, be able to follow the teacher’s instructions. Be able to communicate with friends in the simplest role playing games and conduct simple dialogues. PROGRESS OF THE LESSON I stage organizational and updating stage (5 minutes) The teacher greets the children, accepts their greetings with a smile and relieves possible tension with the help of a small breathing exercise. Prepares children for work. TEACHER. Good morning, children! Let's get ready for the lesson together by raising our hands up, taking a deep breath, holding our hands up for a few seconds, and then sharply lowering them down, bending slightly forward and exhaling deeply. And now everyone will sit in a way that is convenient for them to work in class. Children joyfully greet the teacher, do breathing exercise and take their seats at their work stations. At the same time, they take a comfortable but acceptable position for studying. 1
2 The teacher begins the lesson with updating, which he conducts in the form of a speech warm-up, involves students in dialogue, and makes a conversation with them. TEACHER. Guys! Today you and I unusual lesson lesson-acquaintance. Who or what do you think we will meet? Children begin to offer their own answers. STUDENTS. We will get to know you, each other, and the new students TEACHER. How many different assumptions you have! Let's do this: I'll tell you little tips, and you'll name our new acquaintances! Here’s the very first assistant: He’s smart, he’s also faithful. He’ll lie down on his desk for class. Look through it, he’ll tell you everything! STUDENTS. This is a textbook! TEACHER. Do you all agree, guys? Who agrees, raise the correct answer above your head! Students pick up their textbooks. TEACHER. Here is a nice second assistant, in charge of this office. There is a processor, a monitor, it looks at you point-blank! Have time to play with him, and don’t forget to go for a walk! Pupils guess what they are talking about we're talking about, and give the correct answers. STUDENTS. It's a computer! We love to play on the computer and it has a monitor. TEACHER. Okay guys, well done! Let's once again name our two assistants, with whom we will travel together through the land of knowledge. STUDENTS. This is a textbook and a computer. Stage II learning new material (22 minutes) TEACHER. Now, let's use our first assistant to open the textbook on the page. Let's look at the illustration carefully. The teacher reads a poem. TEACHER. Look around, my friend! You see a river, a forest, a meadow, flocks of birds, an airplane that has taken flight. Sky, wind, clouds, River again, meadow river! TEACHER. We are starting to learn something new academic subject"The world around us." Look at the picture again, look out the window, around, think and tell me, what is the world around us? What and who is part of the world around us? STUDENTS. The world around us is what surrounds us, what is around us. These are different creatures and objects, animals, sky, clouds, trees, houses, people. TEACHER. Okay guys! Well done! And I want you to learn to observe the world around you, study and explore it. So that you and I learn to listen to nature and be inquisitive! And to make it interesting for us to do this, one fabulous computer character, STUDENTS, will come to our aid. What kind of character is this? Do we already know him? TEACHER. You don’t know him yet, but we can meet! But for this we need to perform magical actions! Sit comfortably in front of your computer monitors, place your right hand on the computer mouse, so that your index finger rests on the left mouse button. The teacher gives instructions and shows the children what they need to do. In this case, using a multimedia projector, a picture from the teacher’s computer is shown on the screen. Children listen to the teacher's instructions and perform the necessary actions. The computers are either turned on in advance, or the laboratory assistant quietly turns on the computers before starting to study new material. Students follow the teacher's actions. Find the desired picture. TEACHER. Let's find such a picture label on the monitor, move the mouse cursor over this label and click the left mouse button with your index finger. A picture of a “user list” opened on our screen. Press the keyboard keys and type your names in the box. For example, Masha, Andrey, we have two Artems, let Ivanov type the name Tema, and Mikhailov Artem. If you don't know the letters very well yet, your comrades will help you! Ask your neighbor or neighbor who works nearby for help! Students type their names. The teacher walks around the desks and checks the children's actions. 2
3 TEACHER. Now we point the arrow cursor at the “Login” button, it is located at the very bottom of the picture that you opened. We click the key with our finger. In the “Password” window, let’s enter the number and letter of our class “1b”, move the cursor to the “OK” button and click on the mouse button. TEACHER. Where have we ended up? What is shown here? STUDENTS. We found ourselves in some city, there were eight houses and a park. TEACHER. Right! We have found ourselves in an amazing city of knowledge and are starting an interesting journey with you! Over time we will visit every house in this wonderful city. Now let's take a look. Where should we look first? A picture with a subject city opens in front of the students, they look at the picture and try to guess from which house the journey will begin? STUDENTS. We will first enter the very tall house! STUDENTS. No, the most beautiful! STUDENTS. To "Mathematics"! The teacher helps the children and asks a leading question. TEACHER. What class are we in and what subject did we start studying in this lesson? STUDENTS. Ah, I see! We are in 1st grade and have started studying “The World Around us”! STUDENTS. So, first we will look into the house called “The World Around us. 1st class"! Before the next stage of the lesson, the teacher does a physical warm-up with the children. TEACHER. And before we enter this house, let's take a little rest and do some physical exercise. Physical education warm-up TEACHER. Please stand up, leave your desks, stand between the rows so as not to interfere with each other. We look at me and repeat the words and exercises after me. We stood on our toes and raised our hands up. Students take the starting position, stand on their toes and raise their arms up. TEACHER. The wind is blowing in our faces. The tree swayed! The wind is quieter, quieter, quieter The tree is getting lower, lower The children repeat the teacher’s words and actions. The arms are raised up and the body sways from side to side. Children reduce the amplitude of bending, lower their legs to the entire foot, sit down and cover their heads with their hands. TEACHER. Let's repeat it one more time TEACHER with STUDENTS: The wind is blowing in our faces. The tree swayed! The wind is quieter, quieter, quieter The tree is getting lower, lower TEACHER. So, thanks guys! Take your seats and let's continue working. We put right hand on the mouse and in our magical city we choose a house called “The world around us. 1st class." Place the cursor on it and click on the left key with your finger. Students follow the teacher’s instructions and go to a slide with a list of lessons. TEACHER. Look, here we see a list of lessons. What lesson will we choose? STUDENTS. We have just begun the journey, let's choose the first lesson! TEACHER. Now let’s move the cursor to the first lesson and click on the left mouse button. Our entire lesson will consist of several pictures, each picture is called a slide. The teacher opens slide 2 of lesson 1 (Fig. 84) 3
4 Fig. 84. TEACHER. This is the second slide, let us look at it carefully. At the top of the picture we see two stripes and one at the bottom. These strips are called panels. Children move the cursor to the first lesson and open the second slide of lesson 1. Then they carefully look at the picture, follow the teacher’s story and follow his instructions. TEACHER. The topmost bar shows what kind of numeracy lesson we have now and what its topic is. The bar below the top one is the diagnostic panel. What's on it? Children find the top information panel, then the lesson control panel. STUDENTS. There are badges and balls on it. TEACHER. That's right, these balls are called emoticons, and the icons can tell us the features of some slides. By counting the number of icons and emoticons on this panel, we will find out how many picture slides this lesson consists of! Let's count out loud together! TEACHER. How many picture slides does this lesson consist of? Children, according to the teacher's instructions, count icons and emoticons on the control panel. STUDENTS. One, two, three eleven! STUDENTS. Out of eleven. TEACHER. If the smiley is blue, then we didn’t look at this slide; if it’s green, then we looked at the slide and completed the tasks that Cosmic suggested to us. And if a smiley or icon “lights up”, what does it mean? Which icon is currently “lit”? STUDENTS. The first icon is now lit. The icon of the slide we are currently working with is probably glowing! TEACHER. Well done, you guessed correctly! Now let's try moving the cursor over different emoticons and clicking the left mouse button with your finger. What's happening? By clicking on the emoticons, we open different slides with you. Children click on the emoticons one by one. TEACHER. Now let's look at the very bottom strip of the panel. In the left and right corners we see two arrows. The arrows in the left corner will help us move from lesson to lesson if we click on them, and the arrows in the right corner will help us move from slide to slide within the same lesson. Let's try it. Children look at the bottom panel and click on the arrows to move to different lessons and different slides. TEACHER. Now let's go back to lesson 1. Let's click on the second icon and take a look at slide 2. Here we see a fairy-tale computer character. Let's move the cursor over him and listen to what he tells us. Children return to the first lesson, go to slide 2 by clicking on the corresponding icon. Then they point the cursor at Cosmic, click the mouse and listen to his story. TEACHER. What is the name of this creature, where is it from and why did it end up here? STUDENTS. This creature is Cosmic, it is from outer space. Cosmic came to us to study earthly nature. TEACHER. That’s right, together with Cosmic we will reveal the secrets of nature. And nature is clouds and stars, plants and animals, stones and sand. What do you think is the difference between a stone and a sparrow? STUDENTS. The stone lies motionless, and the sparrow flies, jumps, chirps, pecks grains, and fights with other sparrows. STUDENTS. The sparrow is alive! TEACHER. Well done guys! It’s true, we can divide all objects found in nature into two large groups: objects of living nature and objects of inanimate nature. And in order for us to understand you better, let’s click on the second emoticon and listen to what Cosmic will tell us. 4
5 Children click on the smiley face. TEACHER. How can we get Cosmic to talk? STUDENTS. You need to hover the cursor over Cosmic and click on the left mouse button. Children click on Cosmic, listen and follow its instructions. They complete tasks, and then, by pressing the orange lever, listen to Cosmic's assessment. In case of an incorrect answer, children repeat completing the task and entering the answer. TEACHER. Fine! Listen to Cosmic and do what he asks you to do! Once you do what Cosmic asked, in the lower right corner you will see two levers, blue and orange, they will help you enter the answer so that Cosmic can see it. When you are ready, press the orange lever, if Cosmic doesn’t quite like your answer, then press the blue lever and try to answer again, and then press the orange lever again. The teacher walks the rows, corrects the students’ actions, and helps them. Physical exercise for the eyes and hands. TEACHER. We did a good job with you and your eyes and hands deserve a little rest. We got up from our jobs, came out from behind our desks, raised our hands up, put them down. We repeat three times. Now let's try to rotate our arms: forward, backward. We stretched our arms to the side, bent them at the elbows and rotate them: back and forth, now we spread our arms to the sides and rotate our hands: back and forth. Now we lower our hands down and shake our hands a little. Close your eyes, imagine that you are on the shore of a gentle warm sea, put your hands in warm water, took your hands out of the water and are trying to shake off the drops. Well done! Now let's look carefully out the window at the large tree in the school yard, fix our gaze on the tree, and count to 10 out loud. Fine! Now let’s close our eyes and count to 10 again. Children follow the teacher’s instructions: rotate their arms, rotate their arms bent at the elbows, rotate and shake their hands, close their eyes. TEACHER. Well done! You can start working again. Let's click on the fourth emoticon and get acquainted with slide 4 (Fig. 85). Children go to slide 4 by clicking on the corresponding emoticon. Rice. 85. TEACHER. Let's remember what academic subject we will study? What is the name of your textbook? STUDENTS. The world around us TEACHER. What is the world around us? STUDENTS. This is what surrounds us. TEACHER. Fine. What do we see on the slide? What is shown here? STUDENTS. On the slide we see a forest, trees, animals. TEACHER. As we have already learned, all natural objects are classified as living or inanimate nature. This slide depicts living things, plants and animals. What animals do we see here? STUDENTS. Wolves, deer, otters, squirrels, bears! TEACHER. Let's complete the task that Cosmic asks us to complete. How to do this? Don't forget how to enter your answer correctly and remove inaccurate answers! STUDENTS. Place the cursor on Cosmic, click the mouse and listen to the task. Do what Cosmic asks. 5
6 Students follow the instructions of the teacher and Cosmic. The teacher walks between the rows and corrects the students’ activities. TEACHER. Well done, everyone completed the task! Role play. The teacher organizes creative role play. TEACHER. Let's get into pairs and try to compose short story on the topic: “Conversation between an adult animal and a baby.” Since we have an equal number of boys and girls in our class, each pair will have a boy and a girl. Girls will act as adult animals, and boys as cubs. Then vice versa. You choose which animals they will be, looking at slide 4 (Fig. 85). Children, under the guidance of the teacher, are divided into pairs, choose a pair of animals, an adult and a cub, and try to build a dialogue, looking at the actions of the animals on the slide. Sample dialogue: - I am an otter mother and today I will teach you how to fish. You need to sit quietly on the shore and look into the water. If you see a fish, catch it! - How to catch it? I don't have a spinning rod or fishing rod! - You little otter! You don't need a fishing rod! Grab the fish with sharp teeth, hold it with your paws and drag it to the shore. - Why go to the shore? - It’s easier to keep fish there! On the shore it will not go anywhere and is convenient to eat. Stage III consolidation of new material and initial control (6 minutes) TEACHER. Now, guys, let's summarize the lesson. What subject did we start studying? STUDENTS. The world around us TEACHER. What two parts can all natural objects be divided into? Give examples. STUDENTS. Objects of living and inanimate nature. Objects of living nature: animals, plants, people. TEACHER. What are the names of the pictures that make up the lesson? STUDENTS. Slides. TEACHER. Now let's move on to slide 6. What are two ways to do this? Students move to slide 6 by clicking on the desired emoji or the arrows in the lower right corner of the slide. TEACHER. How can I enter the answer to Cosmic's tasks? How to remove an incorrect answer? STUDENTS. You can enter your answer by hovering over and clicking on the orange lever in the lower right corner of the slide. Remove the wrong answer by clicking on the blue lever. Stage IV homework(2 minutes) At home, on a landscape sheet, draw three objects: in the middle is Cosmic, on the right is living nature, to the left of Cosmic are three objects of inanimate nature. We will place your works at the exhibition, and the most interesting ones on the website. Guys! I thank you for your work! Goodbye! 6
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The world around us is one of the most interesting and fascinating lessons in elementary school. This is the world around us, these are animals and plants, this is space, the whole universe is in the palm of our hands. The child begins to understand the peculiarities of its functioning and learns how everything happens in this world. The world around us in primary school, grades 1, 2, 3, 4, is a preparation for a child’s understanding of such subjects as biology, physics, chemistry, astronomy, and physics. This is a necessary knowledge base. To accumulate a good base, you need to read a lot, and parents need to work with their child. They will help you in your studies methodological manuals, which you can download and print for free from our website.
What is the world around us? It would seem a simple question that even a child in first grade can answer. However, if you dig a little deeper, it turns out that in reality everything is much more complicated. And the older and more educated person, the more complicated his version of the answer is.
The reason for this is the great intellectual leap that humanity has made on the path of its evolution. Many religious movements, philosophical schools and scientific theories gave us the opportunity to change the interpretation of the answer to this question at our own discretion. Therefore, let's try to find out for ourselves what the world around us really is.
The truth is in simplicity
First, let's look at this question based on logic. common man, without delving into the subtle matters of the universe. So, the surrounding world is the space that surrounds us. And it is precisely at this moment that the first controversial statements appear.
If you look at it, it is quite difficult to outline the boundaries separating one space from another. After all, there are no specific standards that can organize all this knowledge in the heads of billions of people. In this regard, if you ask the usual question about what the world around us is, we will get different answers.
For example, for some it may be the space that directly surrounds them. For others, everything is much more complicated, and by this concept they mean our entire planet or even the Universe.
The world around us: wildlife
However, despite all the variety of answers, there are those that can be separated into a separate group. This is because, despite the minor differences, they still share some similarities that lead to a common idea.
In particular, many believe that the world around us is all living things around us. The same forests, fields, rivers and deserts. Animals and plants are also included here, as they are an integral part of this world.
What is the world around us through the eyes of philosophers?
Philosophers and theologians consider this issue more deeply. After all, for them our world is part of a more complex reality. For clarity, let us consider the main features of their views on the current order of things.
According to religion, our reality is a place where people live only part of the path prepared for them. That is, the world around us is just a screen, hiding from view a more beautiful place - paradise.
As for philosophers, they formulate the answer to this question more vaguely. Depending on the school, a thinker may define the concept of the surrounding world differently. For some it is a material place, for others it is a spiritual place, and for others it is a combination of the two previous ones.
The world around us 1st grade.
What is the surrounding world?
Lesson #1.
Topic: What is the world around us.
Form of organization of classes (type of lesson): lesson with elements of research and gaming activities.
Lesson type: introductory lesson, lesson on introducing a new subject.
Lesson objectives:
Mastering initial ideas about the educational subject “The World Around us”, about objects of living and inanimate nature.
Creating conditions for the formation and development of mental functions, abilities, motivational attitudes, creative research thinking through involvement in active educational and research activities
Formation of moral and volitional qualities, the ability to control one’s behavior in educational situations.
Basic concepts: the world around us: the world of nature, the world of things, the world of people.
Metasubject connections: the world around us, art.
Resources: student workbooks, textbooks, colored pencils, 3 pictures of the city, underwater world and girls by the pond; trailers and objects of nature, things, people.
Planned learning outcome, incl. formation of UUD:
Have ideas about the world around us, about objects of living and inanimate nature, give approximate answers to the question: “Why is it necessary to study the world around us?”
Know the distinctive features of living and inanimate objects.
Be able to make simple observations, compare objects of living and inanimate nature, give answers in the form of a small sentence to simple questions from a teacher or a fairy-tale character, be able to follow the teacher’s instructions.
Be able to cooperate with friends in simple role-playing games and conduct simple dialogues.
1. Personal UUD: developing interest in a new subject, determining the need to study the world in which you live;
2.Regulatory UUD: organization of the workplace according to the teacher’s instructions; If possible, evaluate your own work and the work of a friend; determine a plan for completing the task under the guidance of the teacher.
3. Cognitive learning tools: navigate the textbook and workbook; compare objects, objects: find commonalities and differences; group items based on essential features; reproduce what you listened to, determine the topic of the lesson; draw conclusions under the guidance of the teacher.
4.Communicative UUD: participate in dialogue in the lesson, answer the teacher’s questions, formulate a question on an issue of interest; listen and understand the speech of others.
7. Reflection. Personal UUD
Formed UUD
Teacher activities
Student activity
1.Organizational moment
Communicative UUD
The teacher greets the children, accepts their greetings with a smile and, with the help of a small breathing exercise, relieves possible tension. Prepares children
TEACHER. Good morning, children! Let's get ready for the lesson together - raise our hands up, take a deep breath, hold our hands up for a few seconds, and then sharply lower them down, bend forward a little and exhale deeply. And now everyone will sit in a way that is convenient for them to work in class.
Children joyfully greet the teacher, do a breathing exercise and sit down at their work stations. At the same time, they take a comfortable but acceptable position for studying
2.Updating basic knowledge.
Personal UUD
Speech warm-up. The teacher engages students in dialogue.
-Who do you think will be your assistant in class?
Riddle-hint.
Here is the very first assistant:
He's smart and he's loyal
Will lie on the desk for class
Look through it, he'll tell you everything!
-What is the name of our textbook?
This is the name of the subject we will study.
Introduction to the workbook.
.
Teacher, comrade, at home, mother.
This is a textbook!
The world around us.
Children take it in their hands and look at the cover.
3. Goal setting and motivation.
Regulatory UUD
-Let's talk about what we will talk about in our first lesson about the world around us.
-What is the world around us?
-Why do you suddenly need to study it?
4.Discovery of new knowledge by children
Cognitive UUD
Personal UUD
TEACHER. Now, let's use our first assistant - open the textbook on the page. Let's look at the illustration carefully.
The teacher reads a poem.
TEACHER.
Look around, my friend!
You see a river, a forest, a meadow,
Bird flocks, plane,
That he went on a flight.
Sky, wind, clouds,
A river again, a meadow river!
TEACHER. We are starting to study a new academic subject - “The World Around us”. Look at the picture again, look out the window, around, think and tell me, what is the world around us? What and who is part of the world around us?
STUDENTS. The world around us is what surrounds us, what is around us. These are different creatures and objects, animals, the sky, clouds, trees, houses, people.
TEACHER. Okay guys! Well done! And I want you to learn to observe the world around you, study and explore it.
In the lesson about the world around us, we will learn why day follows night? How many days are there in a year? Why do the seasons change? How diverse is the plant and fauna Earth? Why is it very important for a person to live in a family? What miracles can human hands create?
The game is a journey.
Row 1 goes into the forest.
Row 2 goes to the underwater world.
3rd row for a walk around our city.
-List the natural objects you saw there?
-One, two, three – we returned from the trip. You guys turned out to be very observant, so you named a lot of objects in the surrounding world.
Let's sum up the first result.
-What does the subject “The World around us” study?
Students open their textbooks and look at the pictures.
The world around us is what surrounds us, what is around us. These are different creatures and objects, animals, sky, clouds, trees, houses, people
Students can list several objects around them.
1st row: girl, pond, duck with ducklings, trees, grass.
2nd row: starfish, vegetation, corals, bottom, water.
3rd row: building, square, flowers, trees.
The subject of the surrounding world studies the natural world, the world of things, the world of people.
5.Primary consolidation.
Regulatory UUD
Communicative UUD
WORK according to the textbook on p. 5Z
Assignment: Divide the drawings into two groups. Explain your decision. You can use a hint.
-List the items in the picture.
-Which two groups would you divide them into? Why?
-Let’s try to explain the full answer to the question: What is the world around us?
Option 1: living and inanimate nature.
Option 2: the natural world, the world of people, the world of things.
According to the textbook: the world around us is what is around us: nature, people and everything that is created by man.
The answers of children who can more accurately reproduce this definition are assessed.
6.Independent work.
Communicative UUD
Cognitive UUD
Personal UUD
WORK in workbooks on pp. 4-5
Task 1 on p.4.
-Color what is related to living nature.
PHYSICAL MINUTE for eyes and hands.
TEACHER. We did a good job with you and your eyes and hands deserve a little rest. We got up from our jobs, came out from behind our desks, raised our hands up, put them down. We repeat three times. Now let's try to rotate our arms: forward, backward. We stretched our arms to the side, bent them at the elbows and rotate them: back and forth, now we spread our arms to the sides and rotate our hands: back and forth. Now we lower our hands down and shake our hands a little. Close your eyes, imagine that you are on the shore of a gentle warm sea, put your hands in warm water, took your hands out of the water and are trying to shake off the drops. Well done! Now let's look carefully out the window at the large tree in the school yard, fix our gaze on the tree, and count to 10 out loud. Fine! Now close your eyes and count to 10 again.
Children follow the teacher’s instructions: rotate their arms, rotate their arms bent at the elbows, rotate and shake their hands, close their eyes.
WORK on page 5. notebooks.
-Combine the pictures into two groups. Explain your choice.
GAME “Attach carriages to the trains.”
Living and inanimate nature.
I call two train students to the board. Children show their picture from the seat, and the trains assemble the trailers.
TEACHER. Well done guys! It’s true, we can divide all objects found in nature into two large groups - objects of living nature and objects of inanimate nature.
Flowers, butterfly, spruce, mushrooms.
Work in pairs: “Take advice from your neighbor.”
Dishes are inanimate nature, other objects are living nature.
They conduct active independent activities.
Control themselves and their comrades during the game.
Control based on the model on the board.
Communicative UUD -What new did you learn in the lesson?
–Who found it difficult? Interesting? Evaluating your work.
What is the world around us? Look out the window... What do you see around you now? What did you see when you came here? What did you see in the places where you vacationed in the summer? And in winter? What did you see when you looked at the sky late at night? We can say that the world around us is nature, man, his work and the result of his work, the society in which he lives... Why study it? Don't we already know him? After all, you can see it, hear it, smell it, touch it... But remember the fairy-tale heroes who, because of their ignorance, found themselves in various difficult situations: What didn’t Pinocchio know when he buried money in the ground and waited for it to grow? What didn’t the wolf know when, in winter, on the advice of the fox, he caught fish in the hole with his tail? What did Kolobok not know when he believed the fox’s flattering speeches? What did Nuf-Nuf and Nif-Nif not know when they built their houses, and what did Naf-Naf know? Why does Dunno constantly get into trouble? So you, answering these questions, realized that you already know a lot, but not everything. The world around us is rich and diverse. It contains many secrets and mysteries. I propose to solve some of them by studying the sections: “NATURE” “MAN” “SOCIETY” Lesson 1. NATURE. THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURE FOR PEOPLE. Look, my dear friend, what is around? The sky is light blue, the sun is shining golden, the wind is playing with the leaves, a cloud is floating in the sky. Field, river and grass, Mountains, air and foliage, Birds, animals and forests, Thunder, fog and dew. Man and the season - It's all around... NATURE!!! In this lesson you will become familiar with the diversity of nature and its classification; You will consider the relationships in nature, the meaning of nature for humans, and think about your relationship to nature. NATURE is everything that surrounds us and is not made by human hands. Nature is classified or divided into groups into living and nonliving according to the following characteristics: living beings or organisms breathe, feed, grow, develop, bear offspring, and die. Task 1 Think about which of the things depicted here can be attributed to nature, and which are created by man. List objects created by man. Task 2 Distribute the remaining objects into two groups (draw lines with a pencil): 1. Wildlife. 2. Inanimate nature. Cheat sheet Task 3 Indicate objects of living nature. NATURE LIVING NON-LIVING Task 4 Knowing the signs of living and inanimate nature, determine what nature a person belongs to? (Highlight in color). NATURE plants animals LIVING NON-LIVING fungi bacteria??? Task 5 Using a pencil, distribute the objects of living nature into kingdoms. In nature, everything is interconnected. Heat and light from the sun, air, and water are necessary for the life of a tree. Thanks to these conditions, the tree lives and grows. And mushrooms grow under the trees. If you dig up the soil a little, you can see thin threads that extend from the stem of the mushroom - this is a mycelium. It is connected to the roots of the tree, entwines them and the fungus receives nutrients from the tree. A squirrel lives on the same tree and feeds on mushrooms and nuts. We found out that plants serve as food for animals. Mushrooms receive nutrients from trees, and trees from mushrooms receive water with salts dissolved in it. The sun, air, water are inanimate nature. Trees, mushrooms, squirrels are living nature. Conclusion: living and inanimate nature are connected to each other. Task Recover by filling in the blanks. the relationship between objects of living nature 6, TREE MUSHROOMS SQUIRREL NUTS MAN SQUIRREL MAN Task 7 Determine which objects of living nature are depicted in the pictures. Click on their image with the cursor. The owner of the squirrel was collecting nuts in the forest. She knew every branch and every bush in the forest. One day a nasty guy came into the forest with a big knapsack. He carelessly knocked down a mushroom with his foot and swore loudly. He began to bend a nut - he broke it, pinched the branches under his arm. He found one nut - he picked it, picked a second and a third... He threw the bush aside and, like a bear, went away satisfied. And it was painful for the poor squirrel to look at it. 1. If a person comes to the forest with goods and does not damage the tree trunk or its roots, then the mushrooms will not die, the animals will have something to eat, and the person himself will not return from the forest with an empty basket today, and tomorrow, and in a year. 2. If a person comes into the forest with evil, breaks branches or damages the trunk of a tree, then the tree will die, there will be no mushrooms, and the squirrel will have nothing to eat. It will be worse for humans, since plants clean the air of dust, and humans, like plants and animals, need it for breathing. Nature conservation is of great importance to humans. What is nature for humans? The first and most important meaning of nature for humans is the source of that without which there is no life on earth - air, food and water. Look at the river, lake, sea. Do you want to take a swim? By bathing and swimming, you improve your health and develop your muscles. This means nature is the source of health. Look at flowering meadow. How does it make you feel? Beautiful, really. So nature is the source of beauty. Artists, architects, fashion designers use natural things in their best works. Nature evokes various feelings: delight, surprise, joy, and sometimes sadness. Would you harm nature? I think not. Love for nature and care for it make a person kinder. Nature is a source of kindness. By observing nature, we learn from it. A man saw a flying bird, thought about it and invented an airplane... He watched the autumn leaves curled into a tube and began to build strong bridges. Nature is the source of knowledge. Nature helped ancient people to dress and helps us now; it gave man the first tool of labor - a stone. Nature is a source of materials for economic activities. 1. One fire warms the whole world. Do you like solving riddles? Then go ahead!!! And remember, sometimes they can have several answers... 2. I was walking along a path through a meadow, I saw the sun on a blade of grass. But the sun's white rays are not at all hot. 3. Who, as soon as it gets hot, will pull the fur coat over his shoulders, and when the evil cold comes, will throw the fur coat off his shoulders? 4. The ribbon trembles a little in the breeze in the open space, The narrow tip is in the spring, And the wide one is in the sea. 5. It cheers in the spring, cools in the summer, nourishes in the fall, warms in the winter. 6. Green, not a meadow, White, not snow, Curly, not a head. 7. Winter and summer in one color. 9. On Earth he is stronger than everyone, Because he is smarter than everyone else. 9. He sleeps in winter and makes noise in summer. Assignment: Can the last riddle be the answer: “bear”? What about “forest”? What about “river”? Test your knowledge: 1. Can we say that living and inanimate nature and the world around us are one and the same? Yes No I don’t know 2. Are butterflies, dragonflies, wind objects of nature? Yes No I don’t know 3. Are a pot of flowers the objects of the world around us? Yes No I don’t know 4. Can nature be a teacher? Yes No I don’t know Think about what you could learn from nature. 5. Will moles be able to exist on earth if the sun disappears? Yes No 6. Choose the correct statement: Nature is people and the environment in which they live. Mountains, seas, rivers, sky, earth - this is nature. Everything that surrounds us is nature. What living object can become nature's best friend or enemy? Are you having trouble? You can find the clue in the crossword puzzle. Solve the crossword puzzle: 1. Who lowers his proboscis into every flower he meets, And then rushes into the hive like a bullet And hides something in the corner? 2. Who is the biggest in the forest? Who is rich and wears fur? Who is in the den until spring, day and night, dreaming? 3. Hump-nosed, long-legged, branch-horned giant. Eats grass, shoots of bushes, It is difficult to compete with him in running. If you happen to meet something like this, know that it is…….. bee 2 bear 3 elk elephant 5 wolf 6 swan 7 kangaroo 1 4 He's probably ugly... Instead of a nose there's a fire hose, His ears seem to be fanned, He's as tall as a tower. 5. The gray robber was brave and angry, He almost ate a goat yesterday. Fortunately, Tuzik and Trezorka watch the flock vigilantly. I barely dragged my legs away from the dogs……… 6. Through the summer twilight of the park Along the edge of artificial waters, A beautiful wild bird, Swims like a white wonder. 7. Someone carries matches in a bag, Someone carries important things, Someone carries books and a game, And the kids - ………… If you carefully studied the previous section, then you can call yourself a NATURE EXPERT CONGRATULATIONS!!! Now you know that man is also a part of living nature, since he has all its characteristics. But it is different from all its other objects; it was even separated into a separate kingdom. How is it different? Interesting? Then forward to the next section “MAN”. But first... You, man, love nature, At least sometimes feel sorry for it, On pleasure trips, Do not trample its fields, Here in the distant bustle of the century, You hasten to appreciate it. She is your long-time, kind healer, She is the ally of the soul. Don’t burn it recklessly, And don’t exhaust it to the bottom, And remember the simple truth, There are many of us, but she is one! To the main menu MAN Man is a rational being. A person is a living being with the gift of thinking and speech, the ability to create tools and use them in the process of labor (Dictionary by S. I. Ozhegova). Yes, there are also many smart animals among them, for example, dolphins and dogs, but only humans have permanent intelligence. Thanks to this, people created a special world - they built cities, roads, factories and factories - everything that does not belong to nature). Where is the mind? Your thoughts, movements, and feelings are controlled by the brain, the most important organ of the body. In some animals, such as fish, it is no larger than a small grain. It is much greater in cats, dogs, and monkeys. In humans, this is a large and complex “apparatus” that allows us to perceive the world around us, perform movements, and retain in memory everything that we saw and did. He controls our speech, our thoughts, gives orders and controls their implementation. Each part of the brain does its own job: one part “manages” the work of the hands, another – sleep, the third – mood, the fourth – the work of thought. “Every person is complex and deep as the sea” F.M. Dostoevsky Every person is individual, unique. Each person has his own inner world, which is studied by the science of psychology. Imaginations, dreams Character Inner world of a person Knowledge, thinking Memory Feelings, perception But knowledge is not given to a person from birth. Throughout his life he learns about the world. How does a person acquire knowledge? Cognition begins with the senses. They send information about the world around them to the brain. Humans have five senses: vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch. All the senses tell us information about the world around us. This information travels through the nerves to our brain. When one sense organ is damaged, others begin to work more intensely and take over its role. For example, blind people have heightened senses of hearing and touch. The brain does a lot of work with the information it receives. He sorts it, selects what is important, stores it in memory, establishes connections between individual phenomena, draws conclusions and dictates our behavior to us, that is, he goes through certain stages of knowledge. Steps of knowledge perception memory thinking imagination Task No. 1 Guess the riddles: (SENSE ORGANS) Two friends live, They look in two circles. I'm growing on your face, I can smell it a mile away. (NOSE) (MAN) One speaks, two look, two listen. If it weren't for him, I wouldn't say anything. (LANGUAGE) On Earth he is stronger than everyone, Because he is smarter than everyone else. (EYES) Task No. 2 Which sense organs perceive information in the following situations? (Connect with lines) Opening a bottle of perfume Looking out the window Listening to music Watching TV Tasting juice Touching a battery The eye is the organ of vision. The ear is the organ of hearing. The nose is the organ of smell. The tongue is an organ of taste. Skin is an organ of touch. in Task No. 3 There is a glass of tea in front of you. Which sense organs work: You were told that there is tea in a glass. It is a dark brown liquid. The glass is hot. Sweet tea. Fragrant tea. The eye is the organ of vision. The ear is the organ of hearing. The nose is the organ of smell. The tongue is an organ of taste. Skin is an organ of touch. Task No. 4 Blind people read books written in Braille font, consisting of combinations of dots. Explain what sense makes it possible for your fingers to perceive dots on the page of a book. Are your eyes tired? Then, close them, and then open them sharply. Repeat this exercise 5 times. Do you like solving crosswords? This is a very exciting activity. When completing it, your cognition goes through all the steps: Perception - you read the task. Memory - you remember whether it is familiar to you, whether you have met it before. Thinking - you begin to think, reason, using familiar, known information. Imagination - you try to imagine, correlate, you begin to think creatively. Crossword 1. These mushrooms live on trees or stumps. They live in large groups. Sometimes you can collect a whole basket from one tree or stump. 2. He was hidden deeply, one-two-three and came out. And he stands in plain sight, white, I will find you. 3. Herbaceous plant with oblong edible sour leaves. 4. Touch the trunk of this tree in the summer - it is cool even in the sun. Only one tree in the world can have this: after all, it is the only tree with white bark that does not heat up in the sun. 5. These mushrooms have caps of very different colors - blue, red, yellow, and purple, but the name is the same. 6. Even those who have never been in the forest are familiar with the smell of this plant. After all, some sweets have such a pleasant taste and smell thanks to this plant. 7. It happens that a tree is injured, the bark is torn off. The trunk under the bark of a tree is usually white, but in this tree it quickly begins to turn red. 8. living creature possessing the gift of thinking and speech, the ability to create tools and use them in the labor process. 8CH O 1 PYAT A 4B BSHCH 2 3 E O A R R V Y O E Z V L A Y K 6 M I 5 C T H A R O E J K I E 7ILVO AVEK 1. Find the extra word. 2. Find a keyword. 3. Think about the relationship between the extra and the keyword. You can find the answer in the next section “SOCIETY”. SOCIETY In this section you will learn about the people inhabiting planet Earth; you will understand how important it is to show friendship and respect for any nation, how important it is to treat people with care, and to remember and love your small homeland. To the main menu Society is a collection of people united by historically determined forms of joint life and activity. A person lives among his own kind, among people, in society. Being part of nature, he is also part of society. When they want to talk about all the people of our planet Earth, they say: human society or humanity. A part of society is the people to which you belong. Part of society is your school class. Part of society is your family. Family is a very important part of society; it unites people closest to each other. Every child, growing up, begins to be interested in his ancestry. So you, probably, asked your parents about your great-grandparents. Likewise, humanity as a whole constantly asks itself questions about its own ancestral roots. Our ancestors... How did people appear on Earth? Humanity has long sought to find out its origins. When scientific knowledge did not exist, people made up legends. Now there are up to 5 thousand different peoples on Earth. Peoples differ in language, culture, national character, religion, traditions, etc.) State Peoples are united into states. There are about 200 states on Earth. Every person is a citizen of some country. The state is the main political organization of society, exercising its governance and protecting its economic and social structure. What is a country? It is a territory under the authority of one government. A country can be very large or very small. Countries agree on the boundaries of their possessions, otherwise this often leads to disputes (wars). Countries whose people govern independently are called independent. But if a country is dependent on another state, then it is called a colony. Sometimes several countries unite, and then a new nation is formed, and sometimes a large country breaks up into smaller states. Why does the state need flags? Flags fly from the roofs of buildings and from the masts of ships, with clear, brightly colored patterns. The flag is a symbol of the country, as well as its regions, districts, and states. The details of the designs on the flag can tell a lot about the country and its history. The flag of Kenya features the traditional shield and spears, while the flag of Lebanon features the cedar tree, which in ancient times brought prosperity to the region. What are national anthems? These are solemn melodies. They represent the country and are performed on special occasions, such as the Olympic Games. Who runs the state? The head of state is the most important person in the country. This could be a king, queen or elected president. Parliament is the institution in which new laws are discussed and adopted. The world's oldest parliament, the Althing, is in Iceland. It was founded by Viking settlers in 930. Which country is the largest in the world? The huge Russian Federation covers an area of more than 17 million square meters. km. It extends across 11 time zones in two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. How long does it take to cross the whole of Russia? It depends on the mode of travel. Previously, trains of the famous Trans-Siberian Railway (built in 1905) delivered passengers from the Pacific coast to Moscow in 8 days. Which state is smaller than a city? The smallest state in the world is located in Rome, the capital of Italy. It is called the Vatican City State and is the center of the Roman Catholic Church. The population of the Vatican is about 1 thousand people (almost like an average city school). What do they have in common? different nations ? People, no matter where they live, are basically alike. They may speak their own languages and have different beliefs, wear special clothes and prefer different foods. From his parents, a person inherits dark or light skin and hair, blue or brown eyes. But at the end of the day, all people have the same needs, desires, hopes and fears. We should not waste time on discord, because we are all members of one big family. Signs of the state (country) Territory State border Capital People State language Head of state Symbols of the state (flag, coat of arms, anthem) Laws Economy Education Science Culture Determine the most numerous people Place People 5 Brazilians 149 Brazil 3 Americans 194 USA Russians 146 Russia 2 Hindus 244 India 4 Bengalis 190 India, Bangladesh 7 Japanese 126 Japan 1 Chinese 1220 China 6 Number (millions of people) Country of residence Check yourself The words are given: territory joint farming native language 1. Underline in red the words that relate to the characteristics of the state. life under one roof 2. Underline in blue the words, state borders that relate to the characteristics of the people. national costume capital national dances state language caring for each other 3. Underline in green the words that relate to the characteristics of the family. You and I don’t know where this person lives; how old is he; what nationality is he? Think about what character qualities a person living on planet Earth should have? If you find it difficult to answer yourself, we will tell you: kind, smart, brave, strong, smiling, loyal, honest, ... If people have all these qualities, then wars and quarrels will disappear on Earth. People will not suffer, hate each other, regardless of nationality and skin color. Highlight in color those qualities that, in your opinion, prevent a person from living in society and getting along with all people: Justice Egoism Idleness Mercy Talkativeness Simplicity Truthfulness Tactlessness Sincerity Respect Boastfulness Honor Conscience Greed Restraint Self-control Honesty Shyness Cruelty Courage Modesty Cunning Tactfulness Arrogance Cowardice Envy Cowardice Read once again the quality that you have chosen for yourself. I hope you left the best. And as a farewell, I would like to suggest drawing a self-portrait, “My portrait in the rays of the sun.” Print out the next page and write your name in the center of the solar circle, draw your portrait or paste in your photo. Then, along the rays, write all the good things that you know about yourself, and that helps you live in peace with nature, with humanity, with yourself. If necessary, add rays. “My portrait in the rays of the sun” Remember fairy tale hero, who was isolated from humanity, and how difficult it was for him to get used to life among people. Why should we hate each other? After all, we are all a big crew of one ship called EARTH! WORLD ROUND DANCE S.Ya. Marshak Poems for children of all nations and countries. For the Abyssinians and the English, For Spanish children and for Russians, Swedish, German, Turkish, French, Peoples whose homeland is the African coast; For the redskins of both Americas. For the yellow-skinned people who need to get up when we go to bed. For the Eskimos, who in the cold and snow climb into a fur bag for the night. For children from tropical countries, where there are countless monkeys in the trees. For children, dressed and naked, Those who live in cities or villages... Let all these noisy, playful people gather in one round dance. Let the North of the planet meet the South, the West meet the East, and the children meet each other!!!
