Lomov biography. Boris Lomov - Mental regulation of activity

Boris Lomov

Mental regulation of activity. Selected works

Dedicated to the 35th anniversary of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Systematic study of the psyche in the concept of B. F. Lomov

The contribution of a scientist to science and his place in its history are determined by innovation in formulation and solution scientific problems, fundamental research, breadth and versatility of interests, reliance on spiritual values inherited from previous generations, the ability to quickly respond to the demands of life and bring scientific ideas to their concrete implementation, the mark that he left in the minds and hearts of his students. All these criteria are fully met by the activities of Boris Fedorovich Lomov, an outstanding psychologist, a talented organizer of science, and a highly humane personality.

A talented scientist and an outstanding organizer of science, a brilliant teacher and speaker, a wise and attentive mentor to young people, a wonderful, sensitive, spiritually rich person - this is how Boris Fedorovich is remembered by those to whom fate gave the happy opportunity to communicate with him and work under his leadership. B. F. Lomov’s formation as a scientist took place at the Leningrad School of Psychology, known for its rich scientific traditions and humanistic focus of research. His teacher was one of the founders of this scientific school, the outstanding Soviet psychologist B. G. Ananyev.

After graduating from the psychological department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Leningrad University, B. F. Lomov entered the graduate school of the Scientific Research Institute of Pedagogy, where, under the guidance of B. G. Ananyev, he studied the psychological problems of polytechnic education and in 1954 successfully defended his thesis on the topic “Psychological analysis of the relationship between drawing skills and drawing."

Since 1957 teaching and research activities Boris Fedorovich at Leningrad University, where he gave lecture courses on experimental psychology, labor psychology and engineering psychology, mathematical statistics. According to the reviews of the students who listened to him, Lomov the lecturer was distinguished by the depth and thoroughness of his coverage of the material, the originality of his judgments, the liveliness and intelligibility of his presentation of the most complex issues, and his fluency in the subject. The activity and initiative of the young scientist, his organizational talent lead to the fact that he becomes one of B. G. Ananyev’s closest associates and assistants in the work to create the Faculty of Psychology at Leningrad State University. And it was to Lomov, as the most promising scientist and leader, that Ananyev entrusted his brainchild, recommending him in 1966 for the post of first dean of the faculty. During the short period of time leading the faculty, Boris Fedorovich carries out a lot of scientific and organizational work, especially in terms of creating educational experimental laboratories. Under him, the faculty went through the most difficult, initial moment in its history, and found its identity.

Scientific interests of B. F. Lomov at the first stage of his research work associated with the development of general psychological problems. He studies the features of spatial representations and bimanual touch, conducts an experimental study of the interaction of hands in the process of palpation and theoretically substantiates the role of touch in the implementation of practical actions, considers the problem of the formation and dynamics of sensory images and graphic skills. The results of the scientific search are presented by Lomov in the work “Formation of graphic knowledge and skills in schoolchildren” (1959), awarded a prize from the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute of Pedagogy, as well as in the work prepared jointly with B. G. Ananyev, L. M. Wekker, A. V. Yarmolenko “Touch in the processes of cognition and labor” (1959), awarded the prize named after. K. D. Ushinsky.

The 1960s in our country were marked by serious shifts in the field of scientific and technological progress. The emergence of new complex technical devices and the development of production automation objectively put it on the agenda and made it urgent actual problem interaction between man and technology. Boris Fedorovich, having caught and realized this trend, became involved in the development of new complex and important problems, essentially becoming one of the creators of domestic engineering psychology. The subject of his study is the problems of information interaction between humans and technical devices; search for optimal forms and methods of controlling mechanisms and technological processes; study of patterns of reception, processing, storage and use of information; consideration of a person as a central link in the control system and a subject labor process. He defined the fundamental principles of Soviet engineering psychology, its program, tasks and development paths. Lomov’s works, such as “Man and Technology” (1966), which received the first prize from Leningrad State University, are devoted to these problems; "Man in the Control System" (1967); later - “Man and Automata” (1984), etc.

In 1963, Boris Fedorovich defended doctoral dissertation on problems of engineering psychology and receives the title of professor. In 1965, he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR, and in 1968, a corresponding member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR.

Boris Fedorovich went down in the history of psychology as the creator of our country's first laboratory of engineering psychology, which he organized in 1959 on the basis of Leningrad University. Here, under his leadership, many subsequently famous scientists began their journey in science, gained experience in conducting engineering and psychological research, and developed forms of interaction with practice. Moreover, it was not just about creating a new field of knowledge - engineering psychology and the formation of an original new scientific school; the result was much larger-scale and had a deep historical meaning. Psychology was at a crossroads in the 1950s and 1960s. The brutal repressions of the 1930s that struck psychology were still remembered, and the consequences of the Pavlovsk session of 1950 were extremely painfully and acutely experienced. And in these conditions, the emergence of a new generation of talented youth, who declared their readiness and ability to solve the most complex and pressing problems of life, was an important step towards destroying the status of psychology as a science, artificially created through the efforts of ideology, with an extremely narrow zone of practical application. During these years, that feature of Boris Fedorovich’s scientific thinking that distinguished him favorably and allowed him to become one of the leaders of Russian psychology was especially clearly manifested - his high sensitivity to the demands of life, the ability to reformulate practical problems in the language of science, to bring scientific ideas to their concrete implementation. Not every scientist is given this gift. Boris Fedorovich possessed it to the fullest. He subtly felt life, its pain points, and considered psychology not as abstract armchair knowledge, but as that sphere of science that should study a living real person in his concrete life activity. This orientation, intensifying over the years, turned into his scientific credo and took shape in the principle of the unity of theory, experiment and practice.

And although there were people who reproached Lomov for his desire to ground psychology, to technocratize it, it seems that these statements were determined by a lack of understanding of the fruitfulness and innovation of his approach, and a reluctance to part with the usual forms of organization scientific work, and most importantly - with fear to imagine your scientific results to an impartial and objective court of practice. All the more groundless were the reproaches addressed to Boris Fedorovich himself that he was a narrowly oriented applied scientist. The point is that Boris Fedorovich amazingly combined the abilities of a profound theorist, methodologist of psychology, a subtle experimental scientist, and a brave, inventive practical psychologist. And it was this excellent combination of abilities that largely determined his appointment as director of the country’s first psychological institute in the system of the Academy of Sciences, created by decree of the Presidium of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR on December 16, 1971.

Based on the principles of system methodology and the experience of his predecessors and teachers in the field of developing problems of complex human knowledge - V. M. Bekhterev, B. G. Ananyev, V. N. Myasishchev and other scientists - Lomov justified the scientific development strategy of the Institute, including a holistic approach in the study of mental reality, a combination of fundamental and applied research, the use of a variety of conceptual foundations in the development of current theoretical and practical problems psychology. This scientific ideology was embodied in organizational structure Institute: its laboratories cover all levels of the psyche with their problems - from its natural neuro-physiological foundation to the highest general psychological and socio-psychological levels. Under Lomov's leadership, the Institute became a reputable, productive center for scientific and practical psychological research.

Plan:

1 Biography
2 Scientific activities
- 2.1 Systematic approach in psychology
- 2.2 The doctrine of psychological laws
- 2.3 The concept of levels of study of man and his psyche
- 2.4 General psychological problems
- 2.5 Engineering psychology
- 2.6 Research results
3 Main works
4 Other
5 Awards and titles
6 Memory

Introduction

Boris Fedorovich Lomov(January 28, 1927, Nizhny Novgorod - July 11, 1989, Moscow) - Soviet psychologist, specialist in the field of general, engineering and educational psychology, as well as the psychology of cognitive processes. One of the initiators of the development of engineering psychology in the USSR. Corresponding Member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (1967), Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from December 23, 1976 in the Department of Philosophy and Law (Psychology).

1. Biography

Graduated from the psychological department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Leningrad State University (1951). Student of B. G. Ananyev, A. N. Leontiev and B. M. Teplov. He started publishing while still studying at the university. In 1954 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on psychological problems psychology polytechnic education, in 1963 – doctoral dissertation on engineering psychology. Professor. Member of the CPSU since 1956. In 1959 he organized at Leningrad State University the first laboratory of engineering psychology in the USSR, in which empirical studies. He worked at the Institute of Pedagogy of the Leningrad branch of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR. Founder (together with B. G. Ananyev) and first dean of the Faculty of Psychology of Leningrad State University (1966–1968). Since 1967 - head of the science department of the Ministry of Education of the USSR and the laboratory of sensory processes at the Research Institute of General and Pedagogical Psychology of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR. The first head of the department of sociology and management psychology of the Academy of National Economy under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. First director of the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow (1972–1989). President of the Society of Psychologists of the USSR (1968–1983). For many years he was chairman expert council in Pedagogy and Psychology of the USSR Higher Attestation Commission. In 1972 and 1980 he was elected a member of the executive committee of the International Union of Psychological Science and vice-president of this union (1976–1988).

2. Scientific activities

2.1. Systematic approach in psychology

B.F. Lomov developed a number of methodological and theoretical problems of psychological science, in particular the principles of systematicity and systems approach in psychology as the main tools of psychological cognition. He viewed mental processes as systemic in nature, organically inscribed in the universal interconnection of phenomena and processes of the material world and themselves expressing the organic unity of unique qualities. According to B.F. Lomov, the psychic can be understood only as a result of its analysis in a variety of external and internal relationships, in which it is an integral system.

In substantiating this idea, the researcher proceeded from the fact that the psyche acts as a reflection of reality and a relationship to it, as natural and social, conscious and unconscious. The psyche, according to B.F. Lomov, is a multidimensional, hierarchically organized, dynamic whole, i.e. system. This implied the polysystemic nature of human existence and the integrity of his mental properties.

The core of the systems approach is formed by six basic principles:

1) Mental phenomena are perceived from several sides: as a certain qualitative unit, as an internal condition for the relationship and interaction of an object with the environment, as a set of qualities acquired by an individual, and as a result of the activity of microsystems of the body. A holistic description of a phenomenon requires a combination of all research plans.

2) Mental phenomena are multidimensional, and therefore must be considered in different measurement systems. If their study is approached from one side, then the phenomenon will never be studied in its entirety.

3) System psychic phenomena consists of many levels, the psyche as a whole is divided into cognitive, communicative, regulatory, each of which is also divided into levels.

4) The properties of a person are organized into a single whole, whose structure resembles a pyramid: at the top there are the main mental properties, at the base there are the properties that reveal them, and the edges symbolize various categories of properties. Thus, when considering a system, it is necessary to take into account a set of properties of various orders.

5) Holistic knowledge of a mental phenomenon implies taking into account the multiplicity of its determinants. These include cause-and-effect relationships, general and special prerequisites for mental phenomena, mediating links, as well as external and internal factors. The same determinants can act as prerequisites in some conditions, and in others - as, for example, a factor or a mediating link.

6) Mental phenomena should be studied in their dynamics and development. The integrity and differentiation of mental phenomena arise, are formed or destroyed during the development of the individual, which acts as a multisystem process. Thus, mental development an individual can be represented as constant movement, emergence, formation and transformation of basic properties and qualities.

2.2. The doctrine of psychological laws

B. F. Lomov saw the main task of psychological science in studying the nature of the psyche, its mechanisms and laws operating in this environment. Psychological laws are associated with the hierarchy of mental levels, revealing its various dimensions. Each group of laws fixes significant and stable connections of the psyche in any particular plane. Manifold current laws, their different directions, according to B.F. Lomov, are the source of variability in mental phenomena.

2.3. The concept of levels of study of man and his psyche

Actually high level a person was considered by B.F. Lomov in the system of human relations and studied as a person. The subject of research in this case is personality development and socio-psychological phenomena. At the next level, personality is considered from the point of view of its own properties and structure, in the context of its activities and direct behavior. At an even lower level, human processes and states, his perception, thinking, and memory are studied. (This level connects psychology with physics and mathematics, and the next one with neurophysiology and biological sciences). Lowest level is in the field of research into neurodynamics and physiological support of mental processes. This diagram shows the connection between psychology and other sciences, and in addition, provides a basis for systematizing the data obtained in psychology.

2.4. General psychological problems

Some of B. F. Lomov’s works were devoted to the analysis of general psychological problems (experimental study of the characteristics of spatial representations and visual perception, identification of the role of touch in the implementation of practical actions, the use of experiments in psychophysical research, consideration of the features of the formation and transformation of sensory images, research of memory and imagination). He showed the role of anticipation in the structure of activity and developed the concept of levels of anticipation processes. He considered the problem of the image in relation to the characteristics of specific types of activity, and also revealed the role and functions of the mental image in the regulation of activity. B.F. Lomov paid considerable attention to the communicative functions of the psyche, problems of communication, management psychology and personality psychology; explored the relationships between cognition and communication, communication and activity. In particular, he conducted psychological analysis activities of pilots and cosmonauts.

B. F. Lomov explored the categorical apparatus of psychological science, showed the place and role of psychology in the system of other sciences, the internal unity psychological knowledge. His works contain analysis current state and the development of psychology, the ways of constructing its theory are determined, the relationships between theory, experiment and practice in psychology are revealed. IN recent years paid great attention to the history of Russian psychology, trying to collect together and preserve everything valuable that was created in Russian and Soviet psychological science.

2.5. Engineering psychology

B.F. Lomov is the creator of a scientific school in engineering psychology. Since the late 1950s, he has been dealing with the problems of applying psychological laws in the production sphere of people's lives. He was one of the first to begin developing psychological problems of management national economy, proposed a number of methods for increasing labor productivity, substantiated the need to maintain a friendly and cozy atmosphere at the enterprise as a condition for maintaining the health of workers. B.F. Lomov studied issues of information interaction between humans and technical devices, the search for means of displaying information and optimal (from a human perspective) forms and methods of controlling mechanisms and technological processes. Also investigated a number of theoretical and practical problems psychological assessment and design of modern technology.

2.6. Research results

The theoretical, experimental and applied works of B. F. Lomov influenced the emergence of new areas of psychological research that meet the interests of related scientific disciplines. He developed and delivered original courses of lectures on general and experimental psychology, engineering psychology and occupational psychology.

Under the leadership of B.F. Lomov, about 60 candidate and 10 doctoral dissertations were completed and defended.

3. Basic work

“Formation of production skills among schoolchildren” (1959),
“Formation of graphic knowledge and skills in students” (1959),
“Touch in the processes of cognition and labor” (1959, in collaboration with B. G. Ananyev),
"Man and Technology: Essays in Engineering Psychology" (1963, 2nd ed. 1966),
"Man in Control Systems" (1968),
“Legal and socio-psychological aspects of management” (1972, co-authored with V.V. Laptev, V.M. Shepel and V.G. Shorin),
"Psychological Science and Social Practice" (1973),
"ABOUT systematic approach in psychology" ("Questions in Psychology", 1975, No. 2),
“Fundamentals of constructing display equipment in automated systems"(1975, co-author);
“Methodological problems of engineering psychology” (1977),
“Experimental psychological research in aviation and astronautics” (1978, in collaboration with G. T. Beregov, N. D. Zavalova and V. A. Ponomarenko),
“Scientific foundations for the formation of graphic knowledge, abilities and skills of schoolchildren” (1979, in co-authorship with A. D. Botvinnikov),
“Anticipation in the structure of activity” (1980, in collaboration with E. N. Surkov),
"Man and Automata" (1984),
“Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology” (1984),
“Image in the system of mental regulation of activity” (1986, co-author),
"Verbal coding in cognitive processes"(1986, in collaboration with A.V. Belyaeva and V.N. Nosulenko),
“Fundamentals of Engineering Psychology: Textbook” (1986, co-author);
“Systematics in psychology” (1996; see), etc.

4. Other

He was known as an active promoter of psychological science, giving lectures in the USSR and abroad to students, teachers, engineers, and production organizers. Author of a number of popular scientific works on psychology, editor of the periodical collection “Problems of Engineering Psychology”. Organizer and editor-in-chief"Psychological Journal", member of the editorial board of the journal "Questions of Psychology".

Initiator of the publication of the first Soviet “Psychological Encyclopedia”.

Organizer and director of all-Union forums on engineering psychology in Moscow (1964, 1967).

Member of a number of scientific councils of the USSR Academy of Sciences and interdepartmental councils for humanities. Chairman of the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the comprehensive study of man (1986-1989).

5. Awards and titles

Honorary member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences (GDR). Was awarded the Order“Badge of Honor” and medals, in particular the gold medal of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (Czechoslovakia) and the medal “Outstanding Foreign Scientist” (USA, Human Factors Society).

6. Memory

In memory of B.F. Lomov, a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/16/11 12:19:14
Similar abstracts: Boris Fedorovich,

(b. 08/30/1948) - full member (academician) of the Russian Academy of Education, academician-secretary of the Department of General Secondary Education of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, professor.

In 1980 he graduated from the art and graphic department of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. V.I. Lenin. In 1986 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on issues of aesthetic education of schoolchildren, and in 2000 - his doctoral thesis on the problems of didactics of the sociocultural block academic disciplines in the educational space of the school and the specific features of professional ethnopedagogical training of teachers of art and folk artistic culture.

Start labor activity Lomov is associated with creative work and pedagogical activity. For more than 10 years he worked as a drawing and drawing teacher in secondary schools ah of Moscow and was actively involved in scientific activities. Lomov made a great contribution to the development of national pedagogical science, culture and art. He developed the concept of a network of in-depth artistic classes in the general education school system and defined, tested and widely implemented a strategy for the development of the educational field “Art”.

From 1982 to 1987 Lomov, working as an inspector of universities of the Ministry of Education of the CCCP, led the system of art and graphic faculties and cultural departments of the country's pedagogical universities. With his direct participation, new art and graphic departments and faculties were opened, a package of educational and methodological documentation was improved and modernized (curricula, programs, methodological recommendations, teaching aids and textbooks).

From 1991 to 2007 Lomov led the work to create a fundamentally new type of university department at the Moscow State Regional University - Faculty fine arts and folk crafts. It was here that the ethnopedagogy of fine arts developed in practice, where folk arts and crafts became the didactic tools of the educational process.

In 2007, S. P. Lomov headed the Pedagogical Academy as rector postgraduate education, where special attention was paid to modernizing the retraining system and improving the qualifications of teachers. And in 2009, he was elected to the position of Academician-Secretary of the Russian Academy of Education, where he currently works.

Lomov made a great contribution to the development of national pedagogical science as the author of serious scientific works, teaching aids and books on methods of teaching fine arts and professional teacher education. His monographs, textbooks, manuals for pupils and students: “Ethnopedagogy of Russian fine arts”, “Features of graphic training of students in a pedagogical university”, “Aesthetic education at school”, “Ethnopedagogy and folk crafts”, “The concept of the educational field of art in 12-year-old school”, “Painting”, “Methods of teaching fine arts”, “Ornamental composition”, “Russian painters of the 18th-19th centuries”, “ Information Technology and art”, “Fundamentals of color science”, “Didactics of art education”, “Education, art and culture in the context of globalization” and others, are widely used in the educational process of various vocational educational institutions, schools, lyceums, gymnasiums.

Lomov S.P. is a famous author of textbooks on fine arts for secondary schools of lyceums and gymnasiums. Continuing the line of activity psychology in the harmonious development of schoolchildren, where creativity is given a large role, he builds educational material on the best examples of classical art. All his activities are inextricably linked with pedagogical science, art and education.

Today Lomov S.P., working at the Russian Academy of Education, supervises critical issues reforming and updating the comprehensive school, development and implementation of new educational standards in all subject areas, fundamental and applied research in pedagogical science, problematic aspects construction of the “New School” and the prospects for its development.

Lomov S.P. does a lot of public work - he is a member of many scientific, methodological, artistic councils and commissions:
- Chairman of the scientific and methodological commission on artistic and graphic disciplines of the educational and methodological association at Moscow State Pedagogical University;
- Chairman of the dissertation council for the defense of doctoral and candidate dissertations in pedagogical sciences and art education at Moscow State Pedagogical University;
- member International Association UNESCO schools since 1991;
- Member of the Board of the Creative Union of Artists of Russia;
- expert of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation in psychological and pedagogical disciplines.

Being the head of a large scientific school, at the origins of which were such outstanding artists as: I. V. Kramskoy, I. E. Repin, P. P. Chistyakov, D. N. Kardovsiy, D. D. Zhilinsky, and scientists - A. I. Sapozhnikov, A. V. Bakushinsky, L. S. Vygotsky, V. V. Vanslov, N. N. Rostovtsev, B. F. Lomov, V. S. Kuzin, E. V. Shorokhov, Stanislav Petrovich, continuing their traditions, carries out extensive scientific, pedagogical and organizational work. He has published over 150 scientific papers, and is the author of a number of well-known books and textbooks for schools and universities on methods of teaching fine arts. Lomov actively works with graduate students and applicants. Under his leadership, over 40 people defended their candidate dissertations, 7 people defended their doctoral dissertations, more than 20 students became members of the Creative Union of Artists of Russia, 9 of them received international recognition and were awarded certificates of honor and diplomas.

Free from scientific activity Lomov S.P. is actively involved in creativity. As a painter he is known to a wide range of viewers. His watercolors and easel paintings are made in the classical manner of realistic art. They are simple in their manner of execution, attractive in genre, where landscape motifs evoke feelings of joy and pride for their “small” homeland. He regularly exhibits his paintings both in Russia and abroad.

Lomov S.P. has government awards, certificates of honor, gratitude and diplomas: honorary worker of higher school of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation (2001), certificate of honor of the Ministry of Education of the Moscow Region (2000); Medal "Worthy" of the Russian Academy of Arts (1999); silver medal of the Creative Union of Artists of Russia (2003); gold medal of the Creative Union of Artists of Russia (2006); Diploma of the Russian Academy of Arts for participation in the exhibition " golden ring Russia" (2004); international diplomas for organizing exhibitions in Germany (Munich, Walzheim, Oldenburg, Schrobenhausen), France (Dijon), Italy (Milan), Iceland (Reykjavik), Cyprus (Nicosia), Luxembourg, etc.

Also Lomov S.P. has a number of awards and commendations from public and scientific organizations, educational institutions, both in Russia and abroad.

Scientific field: Place of work: Academic degree: Academic title: Alma mater: Scientific supervisor: Notable students: Known as: Awards and prizes:

B.F. Lomov explored the categorical apparatus of psychological science, showed the place and role of psychology in the system of other sciences, and the internal unity of psychological knowledge. His works contain an analysis of the current state and development of psychology, define ways to build its theory, and reveal the relationships between theory, experiment and practice in psychology. In recent years, he has paid much attention to the history of Russian psychology, trying to collect together and preserve everything valuable that was created in Russian and Soviet psychological science.

Engineering psychology

B.F. Lomov is the creator of a scientific school in engineering psychology. Since the late 1950s, he has been dealing with the problems of applying psychological laws in the production sphere of people's lives. He was one of the first to begin developing psychological problems in managing the national economy, proposed a number of methods for increasing labor productivity, and substantiated the need to maintain a friendly and cozy atmosphere at the enterprise as a condition for preserving the health of workers. B.F. Lomov studied issues of information interaction between humans and technical devices, the search for means of displaying information and optimal (from a human perspective) forms and methods of controlling mechanisms and technological processes. He also studied a number of theoretical and practical problems of psychological assessment and design of modern technology.

Research results

Under the leadership of B.F. Lomov, about 60 candidate and 10 doctoral dissertations were completed and defended.

Main works

“Formation of production skills among schoolchildren” (1959),
“Formation of graphic knowledge and skills in students” (1959),
“Touch in the processes of cognition and labor” (1959, in collaboration with B. G. Ananyev),
"Man and Technology: Essays in Engineering Psychology" (1963, 2nd ed. 1966),
"Man in Control Systems" (1968),
“Legal and socio-psychological aspects of management” (1972, co-authored with V.V. Laptev, V.M. Shepel and V.G. Shorin),
"Psychological Science and Social Practice" (1973),
“On the systems approach in psychology” (“Questions of Psychology”, 1975, No. 2),
“Fundamentals of constructing display equipment in automated systems” (1975, co-author);
“Methodological problems of engineering psychology” (1977),
“Experimental psychological research in aviation and astronautics” (1978, in collaboration with G. T. Beregov, N. D. Zavalova and V. A. Ponomarenko),
“Scientific foundations for the formation of graphic knowledge, abilities and skills of schoolchildren” (1979, in co-authorship with A. D. Botvinnikov),
“Anticipation in the structure of activity” (1980, in collaboration with E. N. Surkov),
"Man and Automata" (1984),
“Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology” (1984),
“Image in the system of mental regulation of activity” (1986, co-author),
“Verbal coding in cognitive processes” (1986, co-authored with A. V. Belyaeva and V. N. Nosulenko),
“Fundamentals of Engineering Psychology: Textbook” (1986, co-author);
“Systematics in psychology” (1996; see), etc.

Other

He was known as an active promoter of psychological science, giving lectures in the USSR and abroad to students, teachers, engineers, and production organizers. Author of a number of popular scientific works on psychology, editor of the periodical collection “Problems of Engineering Psychology”. Organizer and editor-in-chief of the “Psychological Journal”, member of the editorial board of the journal “Questions of Psychology”.

Initiator of the publication of the first Soviet “Psychological Encyclopedia”.

Organizer and director of all-Union forums on engineering psychology in Moscow (1964, 1967).

Member of a number of scientific councils of the USSR Academy of Sciences and interdepartmental councils for the humanities. Chairman of the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences for the comprehensive study of man (1986-1989).

Awards and titles

Memory

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Excerpt characterizing Lomov, Boris Fedorovich

“No,” said Princess Marya.
- Now, in order to please Moscow girls - il faut etre melancolique. Et il est tres melancolique aupres de m lle Karagin, [one must be melancholy. And he is very melancholy with m elle Karagin,” said Pierre.
- Vraiment? [Really?] - said Princess Marya, looking into Pierre’s kind face and never ceasing to think about her grief. “It would be easier for me,” she thought, if I decided to trust someone with everything I feel. And I would like to tell Pierre everything. He is so kind and noble. It would make me feel better. He would give me advice!”
– Would you marry him? asked Pierre.
“Oh, my God, Count, there are moments when I would marry anyone,” Princess Marya suddenly said to herself, with tears in her voice. “Oh, how hard it can be to love a loved one and feel that... nothing (she continued in a trembling voice) you can’t do for him except grief, when you know that you can’t change it.” Then one thing is to leave, but where should I go?...
- What are you, what’s wrong with you, princess?
But the princess, without finishing, began to cry.
– I don’t know what’s wrong with me today. Don't listen to me, forget what I told you.
All Pierre's gaiety disappeared. He anxiously questioned the princess, asked her to express everything, to confide in him her grief; but she only repeated that she asked him to forget what she said, that she did not remember what she said, and that she had no grief other than the one he knew - the grief that Prince Andrei’s marriage threatens to quarrel with her father son.
– Have you heard about the Rostovs? – she asked to change the conversation. - I was told that they would be here soon. I also wait for Andre every day. I would like them to see each other here.
– How does he look at this matter now? - Pierre asked, by which he meant the old prince. Princess Marya shook her head.
- But what to do? There are only a few months left until the year is over. And this cannot be. I would only like to spare my brother the first minutes. I wish they would come sooner. I hope to get along with her. “You have known them for a long time,” said Princess Marya, “tell me, hand on heart, the whole true truth, what kind of girl is this and how do you find her?” But the whole truth; because, you understand, Andrei is risking so much by doing this against his father’s will that I would like to know...
A vague instinct told Pierre that these reservations and repeated requests to tell the whole truth expressed Princess Marya’s ill will towards her future daughter-in-law, that she wanted Pierre not to approve of Prince Andrei’s choice; but Pierre said what he felt rather than thought.
“I don’t know how to answer your question,” he said, blushing, without knowing why. “I absolutely don’t know what kind of girl this is; I can't analyze it at all. She's charming. Why, I don’t know: that’s all that can be said about her. “Princess Marya sighed and the expression on her face said: “Yes, I expected and was afraid of this.”
– Is she smart? - asked Princess Marya. Pierre thought about it.
“I think not,” he said, “but yes.” She doesn't deserve to be smart... No, she's charming, and nothing more. – Princess Marya again shook her head disapprovingly.
- Oh, I so want to love her! You will tell her this if you see her before me.
“I heard that they will be there one of these days,” said Pierre.
Princess Marya told Pierre her plan about how, as soon as the Rostovs arrived, she would become close to her future daughter-in-law and try to accustom the old prince to her.

Boris did not succeed in marrying a rich bride in St. Petersburg and he came to Moscow for the same purpose. In Moscow, Boris was indecisive between the two richest brides - Julie and Princess Marya. Although Princess Marya, despite her ugliness, seemed more attractive to him than Julie, for some reason he felt awkward courting Bolkonskaya. On her last meeting with her, on the old prince’s name day, to all his attempts to talk to her about feelings, she answered him inappropriately and obviously did not listen to him.
Julie, on the contrary, although in a special way, unique to her, willingly accepted his courtship.
Julie was 27 years old. After the death of her brothers, she became very rich. She was now completely ugly; but I thought that she was not only just as good, but even much more attractive than she was before. She was supported in this delusion by the fact that, firstly, she became a very rich bride, and secondly, that the older she became, the safer she was for men, the freer it was for men to treat her and, without taking on any obligations, take advantage of her dinners, evenings and the lively company that gathered at her place. A man who ten years ago would have been afraid to go every day to the house where there was a 17-year-old young lady, so as not to compromise her and tie himself down, now went to her boldly every day and treated her not as a young bride, but as a acquaintance who has no gender.
The Karagins' house was the most pleasant and hospitable house in Moscow that winter. In addition to parties and dinners, every day a large company gathered at the Karagins, especially men, who dined at 12 o'clock in the morning and stayed until 3 o'clock. There was no ball, party, or theater that Julie missed. Her toilets were always the most fashionable. But, despite this, Julie seemed disappointed in everything, telling everyone that she did not believe in friendship, nor in love, nor in any joys of life, and expected peace only there. She adopted the tone of a girl who had suffered great disappointment, a girl as if she had lost a loved one or had been cruelly deceived by him. Although nothing of the sort happened to her, they looked at her as if she were one, and she herself even believed that she had suffered a lot in life. This melancholy, which did not prevent her from having fun, did not prevent the young people who visited her from having a pleasant time. Each guest, coming to them, paid his debt to the melancholic mood of the hostess and then engaged in small talk, and dancing, and mental games, and burime tournaments, which were in fashion with the Karagins. Only some young people, including Boris, delved deeper into Julie’s melancholic mood, and with these young people she had longer and more private conversations about the vanity of everything worldly, and to them she opened her albums covered with sad images, sayings and poems.
Julie was especially kind to Boris: she regretted his early disappointment in life, offered him those consolations of friendship that she could offer, having suffered so much in life, and opened her album to him. Boris drew two trees in her album and wrote: Arbres rustiques, vos sombres rameaux secouent sur moi les tenebres et la melancolie. [Rural trees, your dark branches shake off darkness and melancholy on me.]
Elsewhere he drew a picture of a tomb and wrote:
"La mort est secourable et la mort est tranquille
“Ah! contre les douleurs il n"y a pas d"autre asile".
[Death is salutary and death is calm;
ABOUT! against suffering there is no other refuge.]
Julie said it was lovely.
“II y a quelque chose de si ravissant dans le sourire de la melancolie, [There is something infinitely charming in the smile of melancholy," she said to Boris word for word, copying this passage from the book.
– C "est un rayon de lumiere dans l" ombre, une nuance entre la douleur et le desespoir, qui montre la consolation possible. [This is a ray of light in the shadows, a shade between sadness and despair, which indicates the possibility of consolation.] - To this Boris wrote her poetry:
"Aliment de poison d"une ame trop sensible,
"Toi, sans qui le bonheur me serait impossible,
"Tendre melancolie, ah, viens me consoler,
“Viens calmer les tourments de ma sombre retraite
"Et mele une douceur secrete
"A ces pleurs, que je sens couler."
[Poisonous food for an overly sensitive soul,
You, without whom happiness would be impossible for me,
Tender melancholy, oh, come and comfort me,
Come, soothe the torment of my dark solitude
And add secret sweetness
To these tears that I feel flowing.]
Julie played Boris the saddest nocturnes on the harp. Boris read aloud to her Poor Lisa and more than once interrupted his reading from the excitement that took his breath away. Meeting in a large society, Julie and Boris looked at each other as the only indifferent people in the world who understood each other.
Anna Mikhailovna, who often went to the Karagins, making up her mother’s party, meanwhile made correct inquiries about what was given for Julie (both Penza estates and Nizhny Novgorod forests were given). Anna Mikhailovna, with devotion to the will of Providence and tenderness, looked at the refined sadness that connected her son with the rich Julie.
“Toujours charmante et melancolique, cette chere Julieie,” she said to her daughter. - Boris says that he rests his soul in your house. “He has suffered so many disappointments and is so sensitive,” she told her mother.
“Oh, my friend, how attached I have become to Julie lately,” she said to her son, “I can’t describe to you!” And who can not love her? This is such an unearthly creature! Ah, Boris, Boris! “She fell silent for a minute. “And how I feel sorry for her maman,” she continued, “today she showed me reports and letters from Penza (they have a huge estate) and she is poor, all alone: she is so deceived!
Boris smiled slightly as he listened to his mother. He meekly laughed at her simple-minded cunning, but listened and sometimes asked her carefully about the Penza and Nizhny Novgorod estates.
Julie had long been expecting a proposal from her melancholic admirer and was ready to accept it; but some secret feeling of disgust for her, for her passionate desire to get married, for her unnaturalness, and a feeling of horror at renouncing the possibility of true love still stopped Boris. His vacation was already over. He spent whole days and every single day with the Karagins, and every day, reasoning with himself, Boris told himself that he would propose tomorrow. But in the presence of Julie, looking at her red face and chin, almost always covered with powder, at her moist eyes and at the expression of her face, which always expressed a readiness to immediately move from melancholy to the unnatural delight of marital happiness, Boris could not utter a decisive word: despite the fact that for a long time in his imagination he considered himself the owner of Penza and Nizhny Novgorod estates and distributed the use of income from them. Julie saw Boris's indecisiveness and sometimes the thought occurred to her that she was disgusted with him; but immediately the woman’s self-delusion came to her as a consolation, and she told herself that he was shy only out of love. Her melancholy, however, began to turn into irritability, and not long before Boris left, she undertook a decisive plan. At the same time that Boris’s vacation was ending, Anatol Kuragin appeared in Moscow and, of course, in the Karagins’ living room, and Julie, unexpectedly leaving her melancholy, became very cheerful and attentive to Kuragin.
“Mon cher,” Anna Mikhailovna said to her son, “je sais de bonne source que le Prince Basile envoie son fils a Moscou pour lui faire epouser Julieie.” [My dear, I know from reliable sources that Prince Vasily sends his son to Moscow in order to marry him to Julie.] I love Julie so much that I would feel sorry for her. What do you think, my friend? - said Anna Mikhailovna.
The thought of being a fool and wasting this entire month of difficult melancholy service under Julie and seeing all the income from the Penza estates already allocated and properly used in his imagination in the hands of another - especially in the hands of the stupid Anatole, offended Boris. He went to the Karagins with the firm intention of proposing. Julie greeted him with a cheerful and carefree air, casually talking about how much fun she had at yesterday's ball, and asking when he was leaving. Despite the fact that Boris came with the intention of talking about his love and therefore intended to be gentle, he irritably began to talk about women's inconstancy: how women can easily move from sadness to joy and that their mood depends only on who looks after them. Julie was offended and said that it was true that a woman needs variety, that everyone will get tired of the same thing.
“For this, I would advise you...” Boris began, wanting to tell her a caustic word; but at that very moment the offensive thought came to him that he could leave Moscow without achieving his goal and losing his work for nothing (which had never happened to him). He stopped in the middle of his speech, lowered his eyes so as not to see her unpleasantly irritated and indecisive face and said: “I didn’t come here at all to quarrel with you.” On the contrary...” He glanced at her to make sure he could continue. All her irritation suddenly disappeared, and her restless, pleading eyes were fixed on him with greedy expectation. “I can always arrange it so that I rarely see her,” thought Boris. “And the work has begun and must be done!” He blushed, looked up at her and told her: “You know my feelings for you!” There was no need to say any more: Julie’s face shone with triumph and self-satisfaction; but she forced Boris to tell her everything that is said in such cases, to say that he loves her, and has never loved any woman more than her. She knew that she could demand this for the Penza estates and Nizhny Novgorod forests and she got what she demanded.
The bride and groom, no longer remembering the trees that showered them with darkness and melancholy, made plans for the future arrangement of a brilliant house in St. Petersburg, made visits and prepared everything for a brilliant wedding.

Count Ilya Andreich arrived in Moscow at the end of January with Natasha and Sonya. The Countess was still unwell and could not travel, but it was impossible to wait for her recovery: Prince Andrei was expected to go to Moscow every day; In addition, it was necessary to purchase a dowry, it was necessary to sell the property near Moscow, and it was necessary to take advantage of the presence of the old prince in Moscow to introduce him to his future daughter-in-law. The Rostov house in Moscow was not heated; in addition, they arrived for a short time, the countess was not with them, and therefore Ilya Andreich decided to stay in Moscow with Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova, who had long offered her hospitality to the count.

(1927-1989) - Russian psychologist, specialist in the field of general, engineering and cognitive psychology, educational psychology, communication psychology. Doctor of Psychology Sciences (1963), professor, corresponding member. Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (1967) and corresponding member. USSR Academy of Sciences (1976). Director of the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1972-1989), creator and chief. ed. Psychological Journal. Graduated from the psychological department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Leningrad State University (1951), defended his Ph.D. dis. on psychological problems of polytechnic education (1954) and Dr. diss: Man and Technology (essays on engineering psychology), (1963). Together with B.G. Ananyev opened the Faculty of Psychology at Leningrad State University (1966), becoming its first dean, created and headed the first laboratory of engineering psychology in our country. In 1972 he moved to Moscow, where he organized and headed the Institute of Psychology in the USSR Academy of Sciences (1972 -1989). A significant part of L.’s work is devoted to the study of general psychological problems: the peculiarities of spatial representations and bimanual touch, the interaction of hands in the process of palpation and the role of touch in the implementation of practical actions, the formation and transformation of sensory images and graphic skills (Formation of graphic knowledge and skills in students. L., 1959; Touch in the processes of cognition and labor / together with B.G. Ananyev, L.M. Wekker, A.V. In the same vein, L. investigated the role of anticipation in the structure of activity and developed the concept of levels of anticipation processes (Anticipation in the structure of activity / in co-authors, M., 1980). He also studied the problem of the image, the role and functions of the mental image in the regulation of specific types of activity (Image in the system of mental regulation of activity / in co-authors, M., 1986). Another important area of research was the study of the communicative functions of the psyche. Analyzing the problem of communication, L. used a general psychological approach to its study. Communication was considered as a special sphere of human existence, different from activity, a system of subject-subject relations, which has a specific structure and functions, but at the same time organically connected with other aspects of integral human life (Communication and cognition. M., 1984). Much attention was paid to the problems of management psychology, consideration psychological characteristics activities of the leader, the specifics of interaction in the leader-subordinate system (Legal and socio-psychological aspects of management / co-author, M., 1972). L. is one of the founders of domestic engineering psychology. He developed the fundamental principles, program and tasks of its development, which included the study of problems of information interaction between humans and technical devices, the search for means of displaying information and optimal (from a human perspective) forms and methods of controlling mechanisms (technological processes), consideration of patterns of reception, processing, storage and use of information by a person, the study of a person as a central link in the management system and a subject of labor activity, etc. (Man and Technology. M., 1966; Man in the Control System. M., 1967; Man and Automata. M., 1984). L. paid much attention to the development of methodological and theoretical problems of psychological science: analysis of the categorical apparatus of psychology, its laws and principles; the role and place of psychology in the system of other sciences; revealing the internal unity and systemic structure of psychological knowledge; consideration of its current state and development trends; determining ways to build a psychological theory; study of the relationship between theory, experiment and practice in psychology. (Psychological science and social practice, M., 1973; Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology, M., 1984). V.A. Barabanshchikov, V.A. Koltsova.