What is the difference between vowels and consonants and letters and sounds? What rules do they obey? How are the hardness and softness of sounds and letters indicated? You will receive answers to all these questions in this article.

General information about vowels and consonants

Vowels and consonants represent the basis of the entire Russian language. After all, with the help of their combinations, syllables are formed that form words, expressions, sentences, texts, etc. That is why quite a lot of hours are devoted to this topic in high school.

and sounds in Russian

A person learns what vowels and consonants are in the Russian alphabet already from the first grade. And despite the apparent simplicity of this topic, it is considered one of the most difficult for students.

So, in the Russian language there are ten vowel letters, namely: o, i, a, y, yu, ya, e, e, u, e. During their immediate pronunciation, you can feel how air passes freely through the oral cavity. At the same time, we hear our own voice quite clearly. It should also be noted that vowel sounds can be drawn out (a-a-a-a, uh-uh-uh, i-i-i-i-i, u-u-u-u-u and so on ).

Features and letters

Vowels are the basis of a syllable, that is, they are the ones who organize it. As a rule, Russian words have as many syllables as vowels themselves. Let's give a clear example: u-che-ni-ki - 5 syllables, re-bya-ta - 3 syllables, he - 1 syllable, o-no - 2 syllables, and so on. There are even words that consist of only one vowel sound. Usually these are interjections (A!, Oh!, Oooh!) and conjunctions (and, a, etc.).

Endings, suffixes and prefixes are very important topics in the Russian Language discipline. After all, without knowing how such letters are written in a particular word, it is quite problematic to compose a literate letter.

Consonants and sounds in Russian

Vowels and consonants letters and sounds vary significantly. And if the first ones can be easily pulled out, then the latter ones are pronounced as briefly as possible (except for hissing ones, since they can be pulled out).

It should be noted that in the Russian alphabet the number of consonant letters is 21, namely: b, v, g, d, zh, z, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, f, x, ts, h, w, shch. The sounds they denote are usually divided into dull and voiced. How are they different? The fact is that during the pronunciation of voiced consonants, a person can hear not only the characteristic noise, but also his own voice (b!, z!, r!, etc.). As for the deaf, there is no way to pronounce them loudly or, for example, shout. They only create a kind of noise (sh-sh-sh-sh-sh, s-s-s-s-s, etc.).

Thus, almost everything is divided into two different categories:

• voiced - b, c, d, d, g, z, j, l, m, n, r;
• deaf - k, p, s, t, f, x, c, ch, sh.

Softness and hardness of consonants

Not everyone knows, but vowels and consonants can be hard and soft. This is the second most important feature in the Russian language (after voicedness and voicelessness).

A distinctive feature of soft consonants is that during their pronunciation the human tongue takes a special position. As a rule, it moves slightly forward, and its entire middle part rises slightly. As for when pronouncing them, the tongue is pulled back. You can compare the position of your speech organ yourself: [n] - [n’], [t] - [t’]. It should also be noted that voiced and soft sounds sound slightly higher than hard ones.

In the Russian language, almost all consonants have pairs based on softness and hardness. However, there are also those who simply do not have them. These include hard ones - [zh], [sh] and [ts] and soft ones - [th"], [h"] and [sh"].

Softness and hardness of vowel sounds

Surely few people have heard that the Russian language has soft vowels. Soft consonants are sounds quite familiar to us, which cannot be said about the above-mentioned ones. This is partly due to the fact that in secondary school practically no time is devoted to this topic. After all, it is already clear with the help of which vowels the consonants become soft. However, we still decided to dedicate you to this topic.

So, those letters that are capable of softening the consonants preceding them are called soft. These include the following: i, e, i, e, yu. As for letters such as a, y, y, e, o, they are considered hard because they do not soften the consonants in front. To see this, here are a few examples:

Indication of the softness of consonant letters during phonetic analysis of a word

Phonetics studies the sounds and letters of the Russian language. Surely, in high school you were asked more than once to make a word. During such an analysis, it should be necessary to indicate whether it is separately considered or not. If yes, then it must be designated as follows: [n’], [t’], [d’], [v’], [m’], [p’]. That is, at the top right next to the consonant letter before the soft vowel, you need to put a kind of dash. The following soft sounds are marked with a similar icon - [th"], [h"] and [w"].

Do you know how to explain vowel and consonant sounds and letters to your child? What about hard and soft? Take advantage of our tips, because before going to school, it won’t hurt your child to know how to characterize sounds; this will help him easily master the first grade curriculum.

shkolazhizni.ru

When starting training, you must be sure that the child has an idea of ​​those organs of articulation that take part in the speech process (tongue, lips, teeth). Taking into account preschool age, it is easier to teach to distinguish between vowels and consonants sounds and letters in a playful way.

How to explain vowel and consonant sounds and letters to a child

“Some vowels and completely disagree with someone...” This sounds unusual for a child. To ensure your homeschooling is effective and stress-free, take your time. Catch the promised recommendations.

• The child must know the difference between a sound and a letter.

We hear and speak sounds, we see and write letters.

• Start by learning vowels.

They are much simpler in articulation and easier to perceive. It's simple: you can sing them.

The sound M is also quite worthy of a solo performance, but there is a difference: when pronouncing vowels, the air comes out freely, nothing interferes with it, the tongue lies calmly in the mouth, and with consonants it performs miracles of acrobatics.

• Reinforce spoken sounds with graphic images of letters.

Here your imagination can help you: you can write, sculpt, glue and lay out pasta or beans.

• Use a mirror.

Draw your baby's attention to the position of the mouth when pronouncing vowels, pay attention to the tongue and teeth.

• Together with your child, come up with words that begin with “singing” sounds, look for them not only in oral speech, but also in books, on the street and at home.

Where did O go? Here she is, disguised as a mirror. We found the letter and named the sound.

• Use riddles whose answers begin only with vowels.
• When starting to study consonant sounds and letters, note that there are many more of them and they are pronounced differently.

When we pronounce them, the air “clings” to an obstacle in the form of teeth or lips. In this case, the mirror is your obligatory assistant.

• Offer to “sing” consonant sounds, fixing the child’s attention on the position of the organs of articulation.

A restless tongue constantly interferes when trying to sing, and the teeth become completely capricious and close together.

We strengthen the ability to distinguish between vowels and consonants sounds and letters

Once you have explained the difference between vowel and consonant sounds and letters, be sure to reinforce the skill you have developed. And play again.

• On the way from kindergarten, together with your child, come up with words that begin with a given sound.
• Draw a sheet of paper into squares, color them red and blue, and ask them to arrange the letters from the cut alphabet into “houses.”
• * Game “Attentive Ears”. The instructions are simple: “If a word begins with a vowel, clap, if a word begins with a consonant, stamp.”
• Come up with a recipe for an unusual dish, the ingredients of which begin only with certain sounds.
• When cleaning the apartment, give the task to first remove all toys that begin with consonants.

Important condition! Systematicity and calmness.

Your positive attitude will not only teach you to distinguish between vowels and consonants, sounds and letters, but also create a desire to learn.

How to explain hard and soft consonants to a child

The task is not easy. If your child knows letters, start with a simple story about how vowels surrounded consonants and began to command them. Yes, yes. In war it’s like in war. These sassy vowels decide whether the consonant sound will be hard or soft.

There are a couple of rebels to whom this rule does not apply.

Ts, Zh, Sh are only hard, and Ch, Shch and Y are soft under any circumstances. We add rebels to the “black” list and place it on the most popular place in the house, for example, on the refrigerator, so that their glorious names are etched in the child’s memory. Don’t forget about the soft sign, which, by its appearance, easily decides the fate of hard and soft consonants.

The rest are less fortunate: if after the consonant there is A, O, U, E or Y, the sound is hard and is indicated by a blue brick or circle; if behind the “captive” there is E, E, Ya, Yu or I, it is soft and is indicated by green.

Did your efforts not bring the expected results? Draw attention to the position of the tongue when pronouncing paired hard and soft consonants.

Offer to turn a hard sound into a soft one, using different vowels: pa - pya, sa - sya, pu - pyu, su - syu, etc. A similar game can be complicated by changing the words: “corner - coal”, “rad - row”, bow - hatch" and others.

If after a consonant there is its equally consonant brother, the sound is hard. For example, in the word “candy” there is an “f” after the “n”. We can confidently say that in this case “n” is hard.

By developing the ability to distinguish between hard and soft consonants, you help the child develop auditory attention and phonemic awareness, which is important when teaching a child to read and write. This way you lay the foundation for success in school.

Remember that Russian is one of the most difficult languages. It is not so easy to explain hard and soft consonants to a child. Therefore, you should not reproach your baby for mistakes.

Dear readers! We are sure that now you know how to teach your child to distinguish between vowels and consonants, hard and soft sounds and letters. Share your successes and secret techniques in the comments.

Introducing a child to the Russian alphabet is always an encounter with an unknown but mysterious world, in which there are so many interesting things.

The letters of the Russian alphabet make up a whole family, with 33 inhabitants!

And everyone needs to be remembered in their places. But the study of letters does not end there. We also have to divide them into vowels and consonants, stressed and unstressed, soft and hard, voiceless and voiced.. And this is still far from a complete classification. Let's figure out how to correctly divide the letters of the alphabet into groups.

Vowels and consonants sounds and letters

First, let's figure out how many letters the Russian alphabet contains. There are 33 of them in total. They are all divided into two large groups: vowels and consonants.

We cannot attribute only the soft and hard signs to any of the groups: they do not denote sound, but serve to indicate the hardness or softness of the previous sound.

Table with cards of vowels and consonants in the Russian language.

Vowel sounds

Vowel sounds are pronounced easily, in a singsong manner. This is possible due to the fact that during articulation in the mouth there is no obstruction to the air flow.

How many vowels are there in Russian? – 10 letters. Vowel sounds are much smaller: only 6: A, O, U, Y, I, E. This difference is explained by the fact that 4 vowel letters are formed by merging two sounds: E=Y+O; E=Y+E; Yu=Y+U; I=Y+A.

Shocked and unstressed

Vowel sounds can be stressed or unstressed. Stressed vowel sounds in a word are emphasized by the voice. Thanks to stress, we understand the meaning of a word. There are words in which the meaning depends only on the placement of the stress, for example: castle- castle. Unstressed sounds are not pronounced so clearly, so in writing we check unstressed sounds with stress.

How many consonants and sounds are there in the Russian language?

There are only 21 consonants, but there are 37 sounds.

Consonant sounds are formed due to an obstruction that occurs in the mouth during the passage of air flow. The role of an obstruction can be played by teeth, tongue, lips; depending on the nature of the obstruction, consonants are divided into many groups, for example, labial, dental, etc.

Consonants are also divided into hard and soft, voiceless and voiced.

Hard and soft

Hard consonants are pronounced more roughly, while soft ones sound more graceful and are softened by a nearby vowel or in writing using a soft sign. In transcription, soft sounds are indicated by an adjacent apostrophe. For example, in the word HOUSE the letter “d” sounds hard, but in the word GO it sounds soft. Soft and hard consonants are presented in the table.

Voiceless and voiced

Voiceless consonant sounds are pronounced without the participation of the voice, while in the formation of hard sounds the participation of the voice is necessary. Voiced and unvoiced sounds, as a rule, form a pair, for example: B-P, V-F, etc. There are only a few sounds that do not have a voiced-voiced pair: Shch, Ts, Y, R, L, M, N.

The table presented on our website will help you fully consider deaf and voiced, hard and soft consonants, as well as stressed and unstressed vowels. It can be hung in the classroom where children have begun to study the Russian alphabet in more detail. It would also be a good idea to hang the chart in a visible place at home if your child is starting to learn letters.

Tables

Cartoons on the topic

To help your child quickly learn the division of letters into vowels and consonants, you can offer him cartoons on this topic. On our website you will find educational cartoons dedicated to this topic.

Speech therapist. Russian alphabet

This video presents sounds in the Russian language using examples of onomatopoeia. This technique will allow children to practice the clarity of pronunciation of vowels and consonants, and to more clearly feel the difference in their sound. Sounds accompany bright pictures with animals and natural phenomena. You can watch the cartoon here

Learn and sing the Russian alphabet

This video contains a performance of the alphabet to music. The melody is pleasant, easy to remember, and the song itself is accompanied by a display of the letter and form of its writing. This cartoon can be useful for children of any age, as it is aimed not only at remembering the order of letters, but also at practicing diction. You can watch the cartoon here

Voiceless consonants

There is a generally accepted opinion that it is impossible to sing consonants. However, the authors of this cartoon break the usual stereotypes of perception. Of course, this video cannot be called a song in its entirety: rather, we will be dealing with a drawn-out pronunciation of voiceless consonants. This is extremely useful for children's diction, in which defects in the pronunciation of hissing sounds are constantly visible. Play this cartoon for your child more often so that he corrects his diction. You can watch the cartoon here

Voiced consonants

It is much easier to sing voiced consonant sounds, although again we will not be dealing with singing, but with prolonged pronunciation of the sound. The voice is involved in the formation of voiced consonants, so they can be easily chanted. This cartoon invites children to practice this simple task and become more familiar with ringing sounds. You can watch the cartoon here

Learn vowel and consonant sounds, because they form the basis of our alphabet!

Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy said that there is nothing sedimentary or crystalline in the Russian language; everything excites, breathes, lives. Such “liveness” of our native language is the merit of the words that make up it. But before you learn to use them, you need to learn the letters and sounds. They will be discussed in this article.

When learning a language with your child, you need to clearly make him understand the differences between spoken and written language. To do this, it is important to give him the concept of what a sound is and what a letter is.

Sounds are what we perceive with our hearing. Our brain easily separates what relates to speech from other sounds and interprets them into images. We can write down the sounds of speech in letters, forming words from them.

A letter is a graphic symbol of the alphabet, thanks to which we can display on paper what we hear by ear. But here lies a very big difficulty for the child. After all, the number of sounds and letters that reproduce them on paper in different words may differ in one direction or the other.

How many letters and sounds are there in the Russian language and alphabet and their relationship

IMPORTANT: We hear and can produce sounds with our speech apparatus. We can see and write letters! Sounds exist in all languages. Even in those where there is no written language.

In a word like "chair" letters correspond to sounds. But, in the word "sun", the letter "L" not pronounced. Letters are also not pronounced "Kommersant" And "b". They only slightly change the pronunciation of the words in which they are used.

There is also such a “school” word as "Compass". In which instead of sound [AND] sound is pronounced [s].

There are still a lot of words in the Russian language that are pronounced differently from how they are written in letters. Therefore, it is very important for a child to learn to correctly understand this difference.

Alphabet

Language is the main invention of mankind. Moreover, for every nation that has created its own language, it is distinguished by the characteristics peculiar to this people. At a certain stage in the development of a community that a particular people uses, there appears a need to record speech sounds combined into words and sentences. This is how writing appeared, and at the same time the alphabet. That is, a set of all the letters used in writing, standing in strict order.

The alphabet of the Russian language contains 33 letters and looks like this:

The alphabet is the basis of any language that everyone who studies it needs to know. Is it possible to learn to speak without knowing the alphabet? Certainly. But, in addition to the ability to express your thoughts, you need to learn to write and read. And this is impossible to do without knowing the alphabet.

Today, children have a lot of different aids for learning the alphabet. You can buy special flash cards, magnets, and a small primer that your child can take with him on walks or trips.

In our computerized era, electronic gadgets can also be called upon to help in learning the alphabet. Type letters in text apps and name the sounds that teach them. You can use your imagination and use graphic editors, change fonts and add fills. Create your own alphabet that will be interesting to your child. Then learning will go faster and more efficiently.

INTERESTING: Teachers have come up with a very interesting and exciting way to learn the alphabet. Dedicate each new day in your family to one of the letters of the alphabet. Of course, we shouldn’t forget about the rest. Bake letter-shaped buns, make letters from plasticine with your child, draw them, assemble them from counting sticks. Be sure to talk about the letter the day is dedicated to and give examples of its use.

Vowel sounds and letters

Introducing your child to the alphabet is a very exciting activity. But this is only one of the first steps in mastering the language. To continue studying its elementary units, you need to learn how to divide them according to their characteristics.

Those letters that are pronounced drawlingly are called vowels.

• There are 10 vowels in Russian “A”, “E”, “Y”, “I”, “O”, “U”, “Y”, “E”, “Yu”, “I”
• 6 vowel sounds [a], [o], [y], [e], [i], [s]. Typically, vowel sounds in the school curriculum should be highlighted in red.

We have already clarified the difference between the elementary particles of language.

Letters I, Yo, Yu, E - iotized. They involve one or two sounds.

From this table, this difference can be seen again:

INTERESTING: By the way, about the letter “Y”. Today it is mistakenly believed that Karamzin introduced it into our alphabet. But that's not true. This was done by the director of the St. Petersburg Academy, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, on November 18, 1783 at a meeting on the occasion of the creation of the first explanatory dictionary in Russia. She suggested changing the letters “IO” to one “E”.

Stressed and unstressed vowel sounds

• Stressed vowel sound pronounced with great force and does not undergo changes.

For example: sn e g, st ý l, shk A f

• Unstressed vowel sound pronounced with little force and undergoes changes.

For example: To ABOUT rzina (heard instead of ABOUT, sound A), m E dva d (In the first unstressed vowel sound instead E, can be heard AND), pl E cho (vowel sound AND is heard instead E).

IMPORTANT: Stress is not placed in words with one syllable and in words with a letter Yo.

Vowels Yotated letters Ya, Yu, E, Yo soften the consonant sound in front of them and create one sound: e → [e] or [i], е → [o], yu → [u], i → [a ].

For example:

• At the beginning of the word: hedgehog [y’ozhik]
• In the middle of a word: shelter [pri y’ut]
• At the end of the word: gun [roug y'o]

Hard and soft vowels have a direct effect on consonants. For example, a consonant "P", maybe as solid (in the word "plastic bag"), and soft (in the word "cookie").

Consonants and letters

Consonant letters are called such because they contain consonant sounds. There are 36 consonant sounds in the Russian language:

An apostrophe marks soft sounds.
And 21 consonants:

Consonant letters and sounds, soft and hard: table

Consonants, like vowels, can be either hard or soft. For example, in the word "River", beech "R" soft, but in a word "Hand"– hard. In general, several factors influence the softness and hardness of sounds in a word. For example, the location of a sound in a word. The sounds are softened by iota vowels ( "E", "Yo", "Yu" And "I") and diphthongs that come after consonants. For example:

• "White"
• "Love"
• "Friday"

The letter also softens sounds "AND", and its antipode "Y", on the contrary, makes the sound hard. The presence of a soft sign at the end of a word plays an important role:

• "Flax" And "laziness"

A soft sign can soften the sound, even if it is inside a word:

• "Skates"

Voiceless and voiced consonants in Russian: table

Consonants can be voiced or unvoiced. Voiced sounds are obtained with the participation of the voice in the formation of sound. Whereas in the formation of a dull sound, the voice practically does not play its creative role.

Voiced consonants

are formed by the passage of an air stream through the mouth and vibration of the vocal cords. Thanks to this, consonants such as:

When forming voiceless consonants

To make it easy to remember voiceless consonants, remember the expression: STYOPKA DO YOU WANT CHEEK? - FI! All consonants in these words are voiceless.

If you delete all the vowels from this expression, only voiceless consonants will remain.

Paired and unpaired hard and soft consonants: table

In terms of hardness and softness, most sounds form pairs:

Paired and unpaired voiced and voiceless consonants: table

In the Russian language, it is customary to distinguish pairs of voiceless-voiced consonants:

The remaining consonants are unpaired:

Sometimes there is “forced” deafness or sonority of a consonant sound. This occurs due to the position of the sound in the word. A frequent example of such a forced state is the words: pond [rod] And booth [booth].

Sonorous- voiced unpaired consonant sounds. There are only 9 of them: [th’], [l], [l’], [m], [m’], [n], [n’], [r], [r’]

Noisy consonant sounds - there are voiced and voiceless:

1. Noisy voiceless consonants(16): [k], [k'], [p], [p'], [s], [s'], [t], [t'], [f], [f'], [ x], [x'], [ts], [h'], [w], [w'];
2. Noisy voiced consonants(11): [b], [b'], [c], [c'], [g], [g'], [d], [d'], [g], [z], [z '].

Summary table of commonly used soft and hard letters and sounds in the Russian language:

Sibilant consonants

Consonants "AND", "SH", "H" And "SCH" called sizzling. These letters add some zest to our language. At the same time, they make it very difficult. Even while learning these letters, the child should know the rules:

• "ZHI" — "SHI" write from "AND"
• "CHA" — "SHA" with a letter "A"
• "CHU" — "SHU" with a letter "U"

Letter "AND" voiced, and the other three ( "H", "SH" And "SCH") deaf. An important feature of these sounds is that they cannot be pronounced without opening the mouth. Compare their pronunciation with the pronunciation "M" or "N". To pronounce sibilant consonants, there must be a gap between the lips through which air will escape, creating an acoustic accompaniment for these sounds.

The letter “and short” denotes the consonant sound th

Letter "Y" or "And short" found in almost all Slavic alphabets, as well as in those non-Slavic alphabets that use the Cyrillic alphabet. In the Russian alphabet this letter occupies 11th place. It was formed from the vowel "AND" and a voiced consonant "J".

It is interesting that in the 18th century, when the civil script was introduced (as opposed to the church script), all superscript characters disappeared from it. And the letter "Y" an important part of her was missing. At the same time, the sound denoted by this letter “did not suffer” from such reforms. Return "Y" writing succeeded under Peter I. However, it was not returned to the alphabet. This was done only in the 20th century.

Today, more and more philologists attribute sound "Y" to sonorant consonants. That is, those sounds that are located between vowels and consonants, but still relate to a consonant. In addition, it is always considered soft.

Which letters have multiple sounds?

Letters and sounds tape for elementary school

Various manuals help very well in learning the Russian language. One of these benefits is "Summer of Letters". It helps to understand the difference between letters, quickly develop reading skills in children and facilitate phonetic analysis of words.

At least at first glance "Ribbon of Letters" carries a minimum of information, this is far from true. This manual can be used not only at school, but also at home. Parents can independently teach their child literacy using this tool.

"Ribbon of letters" You can buy it at an office supply store or make it yourself. For example, you can use this diagram.

Video. Native language lessons 1st grade

The Russian language has 21 consonants and 37 consonant sounds:

Letter	Sounds		Letter	Sounds
B	[b], [b"]		P	[n], [p"]
IN	[V], [V"]		R	[r], [p"]
G	[G], [G"]		WITH	[With], [With"]
D	[d], [d"]		T	[T], [T"]
AND	[and], [and"]		F	[f], [f"]
Z	[h], [z"]		X	[X], [X"]
Y	[th"]		C	[ts]
TO	[To], [To"]		H	[h"]
L	[l], [l"]		Sh	[w]
M	[m], [m"]		SCH	[sch"]
N	[n], [n"]

Consonant sounds are hard and soft, voiced and voiceless. The softness of sound in transcription is indicated by [ " ].

Hard and soft consonants

A hard consonant sound is produced if there is a vowel after the consonant. A, O, U, S or E:

na lo ku we fe

A soft consonant sound is produced if there is a vowel after the consonant E, Yo, I, Yu or I:

be le ki nu la

The softness of consonant sounds is also indicated using a soft sign - b. The soft sign itself does not indicate sound. It is written after a consonant and together with it denotes one soft consonant sound:

lynx [trot"], fire [fire"], blizzard [in "th" uga].

Most consonant letters correspond to two sounds: hard and soft; such consonants are called paired.

Paired consonants for hardness - softness:

But there are consonant letters that correspond to only one of the sounds: hard or soft. Such consonants are called unpaired.

Unpaired hard consonants(always hard):

AND [and], Sh [w], C [ts].

Unpaired soft consonants(always soft):

H [h"], SCH[sch"], Y [th"].

In Russian there is a long voiced soft sound [ and"]. It occurs in a small number of words and is obtained only when pronouncing combinations of letters lj, zzh, zhd:

reins, rattle, rain.

Voiced and voiceless consonants

Consonant sounds can be divided into voiceless and voiced.

Voiceless consonants are those sounds that are not produced using the voice. They consist only of noise. For example: sounds [ With], [w], [h"].

Voiced consonants are those sounds that use the voice in their pronunciation, that is, they consist of voice and noise. For example: sounds [ r], [and], [d].

Some sounds form a pair: voiced - voiceless, such sounds are called paired.

Paired consonants according to deafness - voicing:

Unpaired voiced consonants: J, L, M, N, R.

Unpaired voiceless consonants: X, C, Ch, Shch.

Hissing and whistling consonants

Sounds [ and], [w], [h"], [sch"] are called hissing consonants. Sounds [ and] And [ w] are unpaired hard hissing consonant sounds:

bug [bug], jester [jester]

Sounds [ h"] And [ sch"] are unpaired soft hissing consonant sounds:

siskin [h"izh], shield [shield]

Sounds [ h], [z"], [With], [With"], [ts] are called whistling consonants.

Letter and sound Y

Letter Y(and short) denotes the sound [ th"]: paradise [paradise"].

Letter Y is written:

1. At the beginning of the words:

   iodine, yogurt.

2. In the middle of words, before consonants:

   husky, T-shirt, coffee pot.

3. At the end of the words:

   paradise, may, yours.

Sound [ th"] letters are more common Y, since it appears in words where there is no letter Y, but there are vowels I, E, Yu And Yo. Let's consider in what cases the sound [ th"] occurs in words that do not contain a letter Y:

1. vowels I, E, Yu And Yo come at the beginning of the words:

   pit [th "ama],

2. vowels I, E, Yu And Yo come after vowels:

   blowing [blow it],

3. vowels I, E, Yu And Yo stand after the dividing symbol ( Kommersant):

   entry [vy"ezd],

4. vowels I, E, Yu And Yo stand after the soft separating sign ( b):

   it's pouring [l"th"from],

5. vowel AND comes after the separating soft sign ( b):

   hives [st "y"].