1. The most common elements in living organisms are:
A) C, O, S, N; b) H, C, O, N; c) O, P, S, C; d) N, P, S, O.
2. Biological significance the main macroelements in living organisms are mainly associated with their:
A) valence; b) the ability to form more durable chemical bonds than other elements; c) prevalence in earth's crust;
d) valence and the ability to form stronger chemical bonds than other elements.
3. Carbon as an element is included in:
A) proteins and carbohydrates b) carbohydrates and lipids
B) carbohydrates and nucleic acids d) everyone organic compounds cells
4. Nitrogen as an element is included in:
A) proteins; b) proteins and nucleic acids
C) nucleic acids, proteins and ATP d) proteins, nucleic acids and lipids
5. Hydrogen as an element is included in:
A) water, mineral salts and carbohydrates; b) water, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
6. Oxygen, as an element, is included in:
A) water, mineral salts and carbohydrates b) water, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
C) water, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids d) all inorganic and organic compounds of the cell
7. Phosphorus, as an element, is included in:
A) nucleic acids b) nucleic acids and ATP
B) nucleic acids and ATP, some mineral salts and lipids
D) nucleic acids, ATP, some mineral salts and proteins
8. Sulfur as an element is included in:
A) some proteins b) some mineral salts
C) some proteins and mineral salts d) some proteins and lipids
9. Hydrophilic compounds mainly include:
A) mineral salts b) mineral salts and some carbohydrates
C) some carbohydrates and amino acids d) mineral salts, some carbohydrates and amino acids
10. Hydrophobic compounds mainly include:
A) lipids b) mineral salts and lipids c) lipids and amino acids
d) mineral salts and amino acids
11. Water has the ability to dissolve substances because its molecules:
A) are polar b) are small in size c) contain atoms connected by ionic bonds d) form hydrogen bonds with each other
12. Potassium and sodium ions enter through cell membrane through:
13. Concentration of potassium and sodium ions in the cell:
A) identical on its outer and inner surfaces
B) different, there are more sodium ions inside the cell, and more potassium ions outside.
C) different, there are more potassium ions inside the cell, more sodium ions outside.
D) in some cases the same, in others different.
14. Biopolymers of regular structure include:
A) polysaccharides b) polysaccharides and proteins
C) polysaccharides and nucleic acids d) nucleic acids and proteins
15. Biopolymers of irregular structure include:
A) proteins b) nucleic acids c) nucleic acids and proteins
d) nucleic acids and polysaccharides
16. Monosaccharides include:
A) glucose, ribose, fructose b) galactose, maltose, sucrose
C) fructose, lactose, sucrose d) maltose, ribose, sucrose
17. Disaccharides include:
A) ribulose, galactose, fructose b) ribose, mannose, maltose
C) maltose, lactose, sucrose d) sucrose, fructose, ribulose
18. Polysaccharides include:
A) starch, ribulose, mannose b) glycogen, glucose, cellulose
C) cellulose, starch, glycogen d) starch, cellulose, mannose
19. The sucrose molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) glucose and fructose c) fructose and glucose d) glucose and galactose
20. The starch molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) fructose c) fructose and glucose d) glucose and galactose
21. The glycogen molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) galactose c) glucose and galactose d) galactose and fructose
22. Triglycerides ( esters glycerol and higher fatty acids) are:
A) fats b) oils c) oils and fats d) fats, oils and phospholipids
23. A phospholipid molecule has:
A) hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail b) hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail c) hydrophilic head and tail d) hydrophobic head and tail
24.V aqueous solutions amino acids exhibit the following properties:
a) acids b) bases
c) acids and bases d) in some cases acids, in others – bases
25. The primary structure of a protein is determined by amino acid residues:
a) number b) sequence c) number and sequence d) types
26. The primary structure of a protein is supported by bonds:
a) peptide b) hydrogen; c) disulfide;
d) hydrophobic.
27. The secondary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain;
b) spatial configuration of the polypeptide chain;
c) the number and sequence of amino acids of the spiral chain;
d) spatial configuration of the helical chain.
28. The secondary structure of a protein is maintained mainly by bonds:
a) peptide b) hydrogen c) disulfide d) hydrophobic
29. The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain
b) spatial configuration of the helical polypeptide chain
c) a combination of several polypeptide chains
d) spiralization of several polypeptide chains
30. The tertiary structure of a protein is maintained mainly by bonds:
a) ionic b) hydrogen c) disulfide d) hydrophobic
31. The quaternary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain
b) spatial configuration of the polypeptide chain
c) spiralization of several polypeptide chains
d) the connection of several polypeptide chains.
32.In maintenance quaternary structure squirrels are not accepted:
a) peptide b) hydrogen c) ionic d) hydrophobic.
33. Physico-chemical and biological properties The protein is completely determined by its structure:
a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary.
34. Fibrillar proteins include:
c) myosin, insulin, trypsin d) albumin, myosin, fibroin.
35. Globular proteins include:
a) fibrinogen, insulin, trypsin b) trypsin, actin, elastin
c) elastin, thrombin, albumin d) albumin, globulin, glucagon.
36. A protein molecule acquires natural (native) properties as a result of self-assembly of the structure
a) primary b) mostly primary, less often secondary
c) quaternary d) mostly tertiary, less often quaternary.
37. Monomers of nucleic acid molecules are:
a) nucleosides b) nucleotides c) polynucleotides d) nitrogenous bases.
38. The DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases:
a) adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine b) cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
c) thymine, uracil, thymine, cytosine d) adenine, uracil, thymine, cytosine
39.The RNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases:
a) adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine b) cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine c) thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine d) adenine, uracil, thymine, cytosine.
40. The composition of monomers of DNA and RNA molecules differs from each other in content:
a) sugar b) nitrogenous bases c) sugar and nitrogenous bases d) sugar, nitrogenous bases and phosphoric acid residues.
41. Purine nitrogenous bases that make up DNA include:
a) adenine and thymine b) uracil and cytosine c) adenine and guanine d) cytosine and thymine
42 Pyrimidine nitrogenous bases that make up DNA include:
a) adenine and thymine b) uracil and cytosine c) adenine and guanine d) cytosine and thymine.
43. Purine nitrogenous bases that make up RNA include: a) adenine and uracil b) adenine and guanine c) cytosine and thymine d) cytosine and uracil
44 To pyrimidines. The nitrogenous bases that make up RNA include:
a) adenine and uracil b) adenine and guanine c) cytosine and thymine d) cytosine and uracil
45.The ratio of nucleotides in DNA is constant
a) A+G/T+C b) A+T/G+C c) A+C/T+G d) A/G, T/C.
46. The ratio of nucleotides in RNA is constant:
a) A+G/T+C b) A+G/U+C c) A+U/G+C d) A/G, U/C.
47. During the synthesis of DNA and RNA molecules, a polynucleotide chain is formed due to connections between: a) residues of nucleotide sugars b) residues of phosphoric acids and nucleotide sugars
V) nitrogenous bases and sugar residues of nucleotides d) nitrogenous bases and phosphoric acid residues of nucleotides.
48. The secondary structure of DNA is maintained through connections between:
a) adjacent nucleotides of one of the chains
b) phosphoric acid residues of nucleotides in two chains
d) non-complementary nitrogenous bases of nucleotides in two chains.
49. The connection of two polynucleotide chains into a DNA helix is carried out by bonds:
a) ionic b) hydrogen c) hydrophobic d) electrostatic.
50. The number of bonds arising in the complementary adenine-thymine base pair of a DNA molecule is equal to: a)1 b)2 c) 3 d) 4.
51. The number of bonds arising in the complementary guanine-cytosine base pair of a DNA molecule is equal to: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4.
52. the number of variants of complementary base pairs of DNA nucleotides is equal to:
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5.
53. The distance between the sugar-phosphate backbones of two DNA chains is equal to the distance occupied by:
a) a pair of purine bases b) a pair of pyrimidine bases
c) one purine and one pyrimidine base d) two purine and two pyrimidine bases.
54. Full turn The double helix of DNA is made up of:
a) 5 nucleotide pairs b) 10 nucleotide pairs c) 15 nucleotide pairs d) 20 nucleotide pairs
55. The model of the structure of the DNA molecule was proposed by J. Watson and F. Crick in:
a) 1930 b) 1950 c) 1953 d) 1962
56. The cell contains DNA in:
a) nucleus b) nucleus and cytoplasm c) nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria d) nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
57. The largest molecular sizes are:
a) tRNA b) snRNA c) mRNA d) rRNA.
58. Protein biosynthesis in the cell mainly involves:
a) DNA. mRNA b) mRNA, tRNA c) tRNA, rRNA d) mRNA, rRNA
59.The ATP molecule contains:
a) adenine, deoxyribose and three phosphoric acid residues b) adenine, ribose and three phosphoric acid residues c) adenine, ribose and three phosphoric acid residues d) adenine, deoxyribose and three phosphoric acid residues.
60. In the ATP molecule, phosphoric acid residues are interconnected by bonds:
a) two hydrogen b) two electrostatic c) two high-energy...
d) three macroergic ones.
Subject: Chemical composition cells.
Complete the sentences by filling in the necessary terms and concepts instead of periods.
1. A water molecule carrying a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other is called....
2. Substances that are highly soluble in water are called....
3. Substances that are poorly soluble and not at all soluble in water are called....
4. The difference in the concentrations of K+ and Na+ ions inside and outside the cell creates… on its membrane.
5. Carbohydrates ribose, glucose. Sucrose by chemical structure relate to….
6. Carbohydrates maltose, lactose, sucrose according to their chemical structure belong to...
7. Carbohydrates starch. Glycogen and cellulose according to their chemical structure belong to….
8. The molecules of any polymer consist of many repeating units -...
9. The sucrose molecule consists of glucose residues and...
10. The monomer of starch, glycogen and cellulose molecules is...
11. Home biological function monosaccharides in the cell...
12. The product of the esterification reaction between glycerol and higher fatty acids is...
13. Higher fatty acids (oleic, linolenic) containing double bonds are called...
14. Higher fatty acids (palmitic, stearic), in the molecule of which there are no double bonds, are called...
15. Triglycerides containing glycerol residues and solid fatty acids are called...
16. Triglycerides containing glycerol and liquid fatty acid residues are called...
17. The main biological function of phospholipids in the cell is...
18. Monomers of protein molecules are...
19. Part of the amino acid molecule that determines its unique properties...
20. Amino acids that are not synthesized in the animal body and are obtained only in finished form with food are called...
21. A compound formed as a result of a condensation reaction of two amino acids...
22. The number and sequence of amino acid residues in a polypeptide chain...
23. Adjacent amino acid residues in a polypeptide chain are connected to each other using...
24. Amino acid residues in adjacent turns of the helix of a polypeptide chain are connected together using...
25. The first protein for which it was possible to determine its amino acid sequence was...
26. The special geometric shape characteristic of each protein is called...
27. The process of a protein molecule losing its natural structure under the influence of various factors is called...
28. The process of spontaneous restoration of the natural structure of a denatured protein is called...
29. The monomers of DNA and RNA molecules are...
30. The five-carbon sugar that is part of the DNA molecule is...
31. Nitrogen bases: adenine and guanine, which are part of nucleic acid molecules, belong to the class...
32. Nitrogen bases: cytosine, thymine, uracil, which are part of nucleic acid molecules, belong to the class...
33. A compound of a five-carbon sugar with a nitrogenous base -...
34. A compound formed as a result of a condensation reaction of two nucleotides is...
35. Two antiparallel DNA strands are connected to each other through nitrogenous bases according to the principle...
36. The secondary structure of DNA is maintained mainly by...
37. In the cell nucleus, DNA is part of...
38. The process of self-reproduction of DNA molecules, ensuring accurate copying of genetic information...
39. One of the DNA chains has the nucleotide sequence AATTGCCGGGA. The second chain complementary to it will have the sequence of nucleotides...
40. Adenyl nucleotide connected to two phosphoric acid residues is...
Option I.
A). Select one
1. The most common elements in living organisms are:
A) C, O, S, NIN) H, C, O, NWITH) O, P, S, CD) N, P, S, OE) N, P, S, C
2 . Organic matter, which is a source of energy and metabolic water in the cell, is
A) protein B) starch C) fat D) nucleic acid E) carbohydrate
3. They perform a catalytic function in the body
A) vitamins B) nucleic acids C) proteins D) carbohydrates E) fats
4 . Cell science is called
5. In accordance with the principle of complementarity, a section of a DNA molecule looks like this:
A) A-G-C-T-G-A-A-T B) A-G-G-C-T-G-A-A-T
T-C-G-A-C-T-T-A G-A-A-T-C-A-G-C-G
C-T-T-A-G-T-C-C-G U-C-C-G-A-C-U-U-A T-A-C-G-A-T-T-T- A
6. The term “carbohydrate” was first introduced by
A) R. Hooke B) A. Leeuwenhoek C) Ch. Darwin D) K. Schmidt E) K Baer
7. Main plant polysaccharide
A) glycogen B) starch C) cellulose D) chitin E) murein
8. When 1 g is broken down, 38.9 kJ of energy is released
A) protein B) starch C) fat D) nucleic acid E) carbohydrate
9. Protein monomers are
10. The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is
A) tissue B) cell C) organism D) organ E) organ system
11. The DNA molecule performs the function
A) synthesis of proteins, fats, carbohydrates
B) ATP synthesis
C) spare
D) transport
E) a carrier of hereditary information
12. Chemical element that makes up chlorophyll
13. Identify polysaccharides
B) glucose, ribose E) sucrose, ribose
C) fructose, sucrose
14. J. Watson and F. Crick deciphered the molecule
A) rRNA B) ATP C) DNA D) mRNA E) tRNA
15. Outer layer of the cell
A) shell B) vacuole C) chloroplast D) nucleus E) citoplasma
IN). Choose three correct answer out of six proposed:
16. The similarity between animal cells and bacteria is that they have
A) formed nucleus B) cytoplasm C) mitochondria
D) glycocalyx E) plasma membraneF) ribosomes
17. Disaccharides include
A) maltose B) galactose C) sucrose D) lactose E) glucoseF) glycogen
18. What does an ATP molecule contain?
A) three phosphoric acid residues B) deoxyribose C) adenine D) ribose E) cytosineF) amino acid
19 . Establish a correspondence between the structural features and function and the organelle for which they are characteristic.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONORGANOIDS
1) 2 chains
A) DNA
2) 1 chain
B) RNA
3) A, T, G, C
4) deoxyribose
5) ribose
6) A, U, G, C
20. Complete the sentences:
1. Structural and functional unit of all living organisms….
2. Nuclear-free organisms are called….
3. At the top of the tubelocated … .
4. Substances are divided into hydrophilic and hydrophobic in relation to….
5. RNA and DNA belong to…….
Test in biology for the 1st quarter of grade 10
Option II .
A). Select one the answer that is most correct
1. Select a group of chemical elements whose content in a cell is
total 98%, -
A)H, O, N, PB) H,O, S, PWITH)H, C, O, ND)C, H, K, FeE) N, S, K, R
2. A microscope with a magnification of 300 times has 20 on the objective and 20 on the eyepiece.
A) 280 B) 600 C) 30 D) 15 E) 150
3. Prokaryotes include
A) bacteria B) protozoa C) plants D) viruses E) animals
4. The glycogen molecule consists of residues :
A) sucrose B) fructose C) galactose D) ribose E) glucose
5. In accordance with the principles of complementarity, a section of a DNA molecule looks like this:
A) A-G-G-C-T-G-A-A-T B) A-G-G-C-T-G-A-A-T
T-C-C-G-U-C-T-T-U G-A-A-T-C-A-G-C-G
C) A-G-G-C-T-G-A-A-T D) A-G-G-C-T-G-A-A-T E) A-G-G-C-T- G-A-A-T
C-T-T-A-G-T-C-C-G U-C-C-G-A-C-U-U-A T-C-C-G-A-C-T-T- A
6. Contained in large quantities in fruit juice, honey, sugar beets
A) glucose B) fructose C) starch D) lactose E) galactose
7. Organic substances that provide all life processes of the cell are
A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) fats D) nucleic acids E) amino acids
8. Monomers of fats are
A) amino acids B) glucose C) glycerol and fatty acids D) nucleotides E) lipase
9. Cell science is called
A) cytology B) anatomy C) embryology D) histology E) hygiene
10. Identify monosaccharides
A) starch, cellulose D) lactose, chitin
B) glucose, ribose E) fiber, ribose
C) fructose, glycogen
11. Absent from RNA structure
A) cytosine B) uracil C) guanine D) adenine E) thymine
12. Chemical element that is part of hemoglobin
A) potassium B) iron C) manganese D) nickel E) magnesium
13. Inorganic substances of the cell
A) proteins, fats C) fatty acids, glycerol
C) carbohydrates, water D) glucose, calcium phosphate E) water, salts
14. DNA is a macromolecule whose monomers are
A) deoxyribonucleotide C) nucleotide
C) ribonucleotide D) amino acid E) glucose
15. Prokaryotes include
A) plants B) cyanobacteria C) viruses D) fungi E) animals
IN). Select three correct answers out of six proposed
16. There are three types of RNA
A) cRNA B) mRNA C) rRNA D) lRNA E) tRNAF) sRNA
17. Monosarids include
A) glucose B) sucrose C) fructose D) galactose E) chitinF) glycogen
18. DNA molecule
A) a polymer whose monomer is a nucleotide D) a polymer whose monomer is an amino acid
B) double-chain polymer E) single-chain polymer C) regular polymerF) part of chromosomes
19. Match the characteristic organic matter and their types
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONORGANOIDS
1) consist of amino acids
A) Carbohydrates
2) consist of glucose
B) Proteins
3) perform an enzymatic function
4) when 1 g is split, 17.6 kJ is released
5) storage substances of the body
6) perform a transport function
20. Complete the sentences.
1. The science of living organisms -…. .
2. Introduced the term cell...
3. Nuclear organisms are called….
4. Adenine is complementary to….
5. The transport function in the animal body is performed by...
Answers:
question1 option
Option 2
1
IN
WITH
2
WITH
D
3
WITH
A
4
A
E
5
A
E
6
D
IN
7
IN
A
8
WITH
WITH
9
A
A
10
IN
IN
11
E
E
12
E
IN
13
A
E
14
WITH
A
15
A
IN
16
B, E, F
ALL
17
A, C, D
A, C, D
18
A, C, D
A, B, F
19
A – 1, 3,4
B – 2, 5, 6
A – 1 , 4, 5
B – 2, 3, 6
20
1 – cell
2 – prokaryotes
3 – eyepiece
4 – water
5 – nucleic acids
1 - biology
2 – R. Guk
3 – eukaryotes
4 – thymine
5 - hemoglobin
Administrative test work
Class_________________________
Item_______________________
Topic_____________________________________________
Option_____
Full name of the student________________________________________________
question1 option
Option 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
A-
B-
A-
B-
20
1 –
2 –
3 –
4 –
5 –
1 -
2 –
3 –
4 –
5 -
Checked:
Teacher: Full name__________________________Signature__________Points__________Mark_________
Deputy Director for HR ________________ Ashurbekov I.A.
1. The most common elements in living cells are:
a) C, O, H, N; b) O, S, H, Fe; c) H, Fe, N, S; d) N, O, S, N.
2. Carbon as an element is included in: “
a) only proteins and carbohydrates;
b) only carbohydrates and lipids;
c) all organic and inorganic compounds cells;
d) all organic compounds of the cell.
3. Functions of water in a cell:
a) storage and transmission of hereditary information;
b) inhibition of chemical reactions;
c) solvent;
d) energy function.
4. Monosaccharide carbohydrates include:
a) maltose; b) lactose; c) starch; d) glucose.
5. Carbohydrates and polysaccharides include:
a) cellulose4 b) ribose; c) fructose; d) glucose.
6. The DNA molecule contains the following residues: a) ribose; b) maltose; c) deoxyribose; d) sucrose.
7. The products of the reaction between glycerol and higher fatty acids are: a) only fats; b) only oils; c) fats and oils; d) fats, oils and phospholipids.
8. Fats and oils have the following properties in relation to water:
a) always hydrophilic;
b) more often hydrophobic, less often hydrophilic;
c) always hydrophobic;
d) less often hydrophilic.
9. Proteins are:
a) monomers; b) biopolymers; c) monosaccharides; d) polysaccharides.
10. In aqueous solutions, amino acids exhibit the following properties:
a) acids; b) grounds; c) acids and bases; d) in some cases acids, in others bases.
11. The primary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) only the number of amino acid residues;
b) types of amino acid residues;
c) only the sequence of amino acid residues;
d) the number and sequence of amino acid residues.
12. The primary structure of a protein is supported by bonds:
a) only hydrogen;
b) disulfide and peptide;
c) peptide and hydrophobic;
d) only peptide ones.
13. Enzymes perform the following functions:
a) are the main source of energy;
b) accelerate bio chemical reactions;
c) transport oxygen;
d) participate in a chemical reaction, turning into other substances.
14. The biological activity of a protein is determined by its structure:
a) only primary;
b) only secondary;
c) always quaternary;
d) quaternary, sometimes tertiary.
15. Molecules that are most easily broken down in the cell to release energy: a) fiber; b) proteins; c) nucleic acids; d) monosaccharides.
16. Monomers of nucleic acid molecules are:
a) only nucleotides;
b) only nitrogenous bases;
c) nitrogenous bases and phosphoric acids;
d) nucleotides and polynucleotides.
17. The nucleotides of a DNA molecule contain nitrogenous bases:
a) thymine, adenine, uracil, guanine;
b) adenine, uracil, thymine, cytosine;
c) adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine;
d) cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine.
18. Contains more carbohydrates:
a) in plant cells;
b) in animal cells;
c) the same amount in both.
19. The nucleotides of the RNA molecule contain nitrogenous bases:
a) adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine
b) adenine, thymine, uracil, cytosine
c) cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
d) thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine
20. Fats are soluble:
a) in water; b) in alcohol; c) in gasoline.
21. A molecule of a substance consisting of nucleotides and having the form of a single-stranded thread:
a) RNA; b) ATP; c) DNA; d) ADP.
22. The largest molecules among nucleic acids are: a) DNA; b) tRNA; c) mRNA; 4) rRNA.
23. K salts are important for the body because:
a) are part of hemoglobin;
b) are catalysts for biochemical reactions;
c) participate in the conduction of nerve impulses.
Fill in the missing words into the text.
A water molecule that carries a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other is called.......
Proteins speed up chemical reactions in the cell, performing.... a function, promote the movement of substances, performing.... a function.
Part of the amino acid molecule that determines its unique properties -
The process of a protein molecule losing its natural structure under the influence of various environmental factors......
The main biological function of monosaccharides in the cell is……
Free-response questions.
1. What amino acids are called essential and how many are there?
2, What is the principle of complementarity?
H. For what reason? chemical elements Are they divided into macro-, micro-, ultra-microelements?
Topic: Chemical composition of the cell.
Choose the correct answer.
1. The most common elements in living organisms are:
A) C, O, S, N; b) H, C, O, N; c) O, P, S, C; d) N, P, S, O.
2. The biological significance of the main macroelements in living organisms is mainly associated with their:
A) valence; b) the ability to form stronger chemical bonds than other elements; c) prevalence in the earth's crust;
d) valence and the ability to form stronger chemical bonds than other elements.
3. Carbon as an element is included in:
A) proteins and carbohydrates b) carbohydrates and lipids
C) carbohydrates and nucleic acids d) all organic compounds of the cell
4. Nitrogen as an element is included in:
A) proteins; b) proteins and nucleic acids
C) nucleic acids, proteins and ATP d) proteins, nucleic acids and lipids
5. Hydrogen as an element is included in:
A) water, mineral salts and carbohydrates; b) water, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
6. Oxygen, as an element, is included in:
A) water, mineral salts and carbohydrates b) water, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
C) water, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids d) all inorganic and organic compounds of the cell
7. Phosphorus, as an element, is included in:
A) nucleic acids b) nucleic acids and ATP
B) nucleic acids and ATP, some mineral salts and lipids
D) nucleic acids, ATP, some mineral salts and proteins
8. Sulfur as an element is included in:
A) some proteins b) some mineral salts
C) some proteins and mineral salts d) some proteins and lipids
9. Hydrophilic compounds mainly include:
A) mineral salts b) mineral salts and some carbohydrates
C) some carbohydrates and amino acids d) mineral salts, some carbohydrates and amino acids
10. Hydrophobic compounds mainly include:
A) lipids b) mineral salts and lipids c) lipids and amino acids d) mineral salts and amino acids
11. Water has the ability to dissolve substances because its molecules:
A) are polar b) have small sizes c) contain atoms connected by an ionic bond d) form together hydrogen bonds
12. Potassium and sodium ions enter the cell membrane through:
A) osmosis b) diffusion c) osmosis and diffusion d) active transport
13. Concentration of potassium and sodium ions in the cell:
A) identical on its outer and inner surfaces
B) different, there are more sodium ions inside the cell, and more potassium ions outside.
C) different, there are more potassium ions inside the cell, more sodium ions outside.
D) in some cases the same, in others different.
14. Biopolymers of regular structure include:
A) polysaccharides b) polysaccharides and proteins
C) polysaccharides and nucleic acids d) nucleic acids and proteins
15. Biopolymers of irregular structure include:
A) proteins b) nucleic acids c) nucleic acids and proteins d) nucleic acids and polysaccharides
16. Monosaccharides include:
A) glucose, ribose, fructose b) galactose, maltose, sucrose
C) fructose, lactose, sucrose d) maltose, ribose, sucrose
17. Disaccharides include:
A) ribulose, galactose, fructose b) ribose, mannose, maltose
C) maltose, lactose, sucrose d) sucrose, fructose, ribulose
18. Polysaccharides include:
A) starch, ribulose, mannose b) glycogen, glucose, cellulose
C) cellulose, starch, glycogen d) starch, cellulose, mannose
19. The sucrose molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) glucose and fructose c) fructose and glucose d) glucose and galactose
20. The starch molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) fructose c) fructose and glucose d) glucose and galactose
21. The glycogen molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) galactose c) glucose and galactose d) galactose and fructose
22. Triglycerides (esters of glycerol and higher fatty acids) are:
A) fats b) oils c) oils and fats d) fats, oils and phospholipids
23. A phospholipid molecule has:
A) hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail b) hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail c) hydrophilic head and tail d) hydrophobic head and tail
b) sequence c) number and sequence d) types
2 24. In aqueous solutions 24. Amino acids exhibit the following properties:
a) acids b) bases
c) acids and bases d) in some cases acids, in others – bases
25. The primary structure of a protein is determined by amino acid residues:
a) number b) sequence c) number and sequence d) types
26. The primary structure of a protein is supported by bonds:
a) peptide b) hydrogen; c) disulfide; d) hydrophobic.
27. The secondary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain;
b) spatial configuration of the polypeptide chain;
c) the number and sequence of amino acids of the spiral chain;
d) spatial configuration of the helical chain.
28. The secondary structure of a protein is maintained mainly by bonds:
a) peptide b) hydrogen c) disulfide d) hydrophobic
29. The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain
b) spatial configuration of the helical polypeptide chain
c) connection of several polypeptide chains
d) spiralization of several polypeptide chains
30. The tertiary structure of a protein is maintained mainly by bonds:
a) ionic b) hydrogen c) disulfide d) hydrophobic
31. The quaternary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain
b) spatial configuration of the polypeptide chain
c) spiralization of several polypeptide chains
d) the connection of several polypeptide chains.
32. The following are not involved in maintaining the quaternary structure of the protein:
a) peptide b) hydrogen c) ionic d) hydrophobic.
33. The physicochemical and biological properties of a protein are completely determined by its structure:
a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary.
34. Fibrillar proteins include:
a) globulin, albumin, collagen b) collagen, keratin, myosin
c) myosin, insulin, trypsin d) albumin, myosin, fibroin.
35. Globular proteins include:
a) fibrinogen, insulin, trypsin b) trypsin, actin, elastin
c) elastin, thrombin, albumin d) albumin, globulin, glucagon.
36. A protein molecule acquires natural (native) properties as a result of self-assembly of the structure
a) primary b) mostly primary, less often secondary
c) quaternary d) mostly tertiary, less often quaternary.
37. Monomers of nucleic acid molecules are:
a) nucleosides b) nucleotides c) polynucleotides d) nitrogenous bases.
38. The DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases:
a) adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine b) cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
c) thymine, uracil, thymine, cytosine d) adenine, uracil, thymine, cytosine
39.The RNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases:
a) adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine b) cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine c) thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine d) adenine, uracil, thymine, cytosine.
40. The composition of monomers of DNA and RNA molecules differs from each other in content:
a) sugar b) nitrogenous bases c) sugar and nitrogenous bases d) sugar, nitrogenous bases and phosphoric acid residues.
41. Purine nitrogenous bases that make up DNA include:
a) adenine and thymine b) uracil and cytosine c) adenine and guanine d) cytosine and thymine
42 Pyrimidine nitrogenous bases that make up DNA include:
a) adenine and thymine b) uracil and cytosine c) adenine and guanine d) cytosine and thymine.
43. Purine nitrogenous bases that make up RNA include: a) adenine and uracil b) adenine and guanine c) cytosine and thymine d) cytosine and uracil
44 To pyrimidines. The nitrogenous bases that make up RNA include:
a) adenine and uracil b) adenine and guanine c) cytosine and thymine d) cytosine and uracil
45.The ratio of nucleotides in DNA is constant
a) A+G/T+C b) A+T/G+C c) A+C/T+G d) A/G, T/C.
46. The ratio of nucleotides in RNA is constant:
a) A+G/T+C b) A+G/U+C c) A+U/G+C d) A/G,U/C.
47. During the synthesis of DNA and RNA molecules, a polynucleotide chain is formed due to bonds between: a) nucleotide sugar residues b) phosphoric acid residues and nucleotide sugars
c) nitrogenous bases and sugar residues of nucleotides d) nitrogenous bases and phosphoric acid residues of nucleotides.
48. The secondary structure of DNA is maintained through connections between:
a) adjacent nucleotides of one of the chains
b) phosphoric acid residues of nucleotides in two chains
c) complementary nitrogenous bases in two chains
d) non-complementary nitrogenous bases of nucleotides in two chains.
49. The connection of two polynucleotide chains into a DNA helix is carried out by bonds:
a) ionic b) hydrogen c) hydrophobic d) electrostatic.
50. The number of bonds arising in the complementary adenine-thymine base pair of a DNA molecule is: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4.
51. The number of bonds arising in the complementary guanine-cytosine base pair of a DNA molecule is: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4.
52. the number of variants of complementary base pairs of DNA nucleotides is equal to:
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5.
53. The distance between the sugar-phosphate backbones of two DNA chains is equal to the distance occupied by:
a) a pair of purine bases b) a pair of pyrimidine bases
c) one purine and one pyrimidine base d) two purine and two pyrimidine bases.
54. A full turn of the DNA double helix occurs at:
a) 5 nucleotide pairs b) 10 nucleotide pairs c) 15 nucleotide pairs d) 20 nucleotide pairs
55. The model of the structure of the DNA molecule was proposed by J. Watson and F. Crick in:
a) 1930 b) 1950 c) 1953 d) 1962
56. The cell contains DNA in:
a) nucleus b) nucleus and cytoplasm c) nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria d) nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
57. The largest molecular sizes are:
a) tRNA b) snRNA c) mRNA d) rRNA.
58. Protein biosynthesis in the cell mainly involves:
a) DNA. mRNA b) mRNA, tRNA c) tRNA, rRNA d) mRNA, rRNA.
59.The ATP molecule contains:
a) adenine, deoxyribose and three phosphoric acid residues b) adenine, ribose and three phosphoric acid residues c) adenine, ribose and three phosphoric acid residues d) adenine, deoxyribose and three phosphoric acid residues.
60. In the ATP molecule, phosphoric acid residues are interconnected by bonds:
a) two hydrogen b) two electrostatic c) two high-energy...
d) three macroergic ones.
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Biology teacher Prechistenskaya secondary school
Topic: Chemical composition of the cell.
Choose the correct answer.
- The most common elements in living organisms are:
A) C, O, S, N; b) H, C, O, N; c) O, P, S, C; d) N, P, S, O.
- The biological significance of the main macroelements in living organisms is mainly associated with their:
A) valence; b) the ability to form stronger chemical bonds than other elements; c) prevalence in the earth's crust;
d) valence and the ability to form stronger chemical bonds than other elements.
- Carbon as an element is included in:
A) proteins and carbohydrates b) carbohydrates and lipids
C) carbohydrates and nucleic acids d) all organic compounds of the cell
- Nitrogen as an element is included in:
A) proteins; b) proteins and nucleic acids
C) nucleic acids, proteins and ATP d) proteins, nucleic acids and lipids
- Hydrogen as an element is included in:
A) water, mineral salts and carbohydrates; b) water, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
- Oxygen, as an element, is included in:
A) water, mineral salts and carbohydrates b) water, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
C) water, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids d) all inorganic and organic compounds of the cell
- Phosphorus, as an element, is included in:
A) nucleic acids b) nucleic acids and ATP
B) nucleic acids and ATP, some mineral salts and lipids
D) nucleic acids, ATP, some mineral salts and proteins
- Sulfur as an element is included in:
A) some proteins b) some mineral salts
C) some proteins and mineral salts d) some proteins and lipids
- Hydrophilic compounds mainly include:
A) mineral salts b) mineral salts and some carbohydrates
C) some carbohydrates and amino acids d) mineral salts, some carbohydrates and amino acids
- Hydrophobic compounds mainly include:
A) lipids b) mineral salts and lipids c) lipids and amino acids d) mineral salts and amino acids
- Water has the ability to dissolve substances because its molecules:
A) are polar b) are small in size c) contain atoms connected by ionic bonds d) form hydrogen bonds with each other
- Potassium and sodium ions enter the cell membrane through:
A) osmosis b) diffusion c) osmosis and diffusion d) active transport
- Concentration of potassium and sodium ions in the cell:
A) identical on its outer and inner surfaces
B) different, there are more sodium ions inside the cell, potassium ions outside.
C) different, there are more potassium ions inside the cell, sodium ions outside.
D) in some cases the same, in others different.
14. Biopolymers of regular structure include:
A) polysaccharides b) polysaccharides and proteins
C) polysaccharides and nucleic acids d) nucleic acids and proteins
15. Biopolymers of irregular structure include:
A) proteins b) nucleic acids c) nucleic acids and proteins d) nucleic acids and polysaccharides
16. Monosaccharides include:
A) glucose, ribose, fructose b) galactose, maltose, sucrose
C) fructose, lactose, sucrose d) maltose, ribose, sucrose
17. Disaccharides include:
A) ribulose, galactose, fructose b) ribose, mannose, maltose
C) maltose, lactose, sucrose d) sucrose, fructose, ribulose
18. Polysaccharides include:
A) starch, ribulose, mannose b) glycogen, glucose, cellulose
C) cellulose, starch, glycogen d) starch, cellulose, mannose
19. The sucrose molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) glucose and fructose c) fructose and glucose d) glucose and galactose
20. The starch molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) fructose c) fructose and glucose d) glucose and galactose
21. The glycogen molecule consists of residues:
A) glucose b) galactose c) glucose and galactose d) galactose and fructose
22. Triglycerides (esters of glycerol and higher fatty acids) are:
A) fats b) oils c) oils and fats d) fats, oils and phospholipids
23. A phospholipid molecule has:
A) hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail b) hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail c) hydrophilic head and tail d) hydrophobic head and tail
b) sequence c) number and sequence d) types
2 24. In aqueous solutions 24. Amino acids exhibit the following properties:
a) acids b) bases
c) acids and bases d) in some cases acids, in others bases
25. The primary structure of a protein is determined by amino acid residues:
a) number b) sequence c) number and sequence d) types
26. The primary structure of a protein is supported by bonds:
a) peptide b) hydrogen; c) disulfide; d) hydrophobic.
27. The secondary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain;
b) spatial configuration of the polypeptide chain;
c) the number and sequence of amino acids of the spiral chain;
d) spatial configuration of the helical chain.
28. The secondary structure of a protein is maintained mainly by bonds:
a) peptide b) hydrogen c) disulfide d) hydrophobic
29. The tertiary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain
b) spatial configuration of the helical polypeptide chain
c) connection of several polypeptide chains
d) spiralization of several polypeptide chains
30. The tertiary structure of a protein is maintained mainly by bonds:
a) ionic b) hydrogen c) disulfide d) hydrophobic
31. The quaternary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) spiralization of the polypeptide chain
b) spatial configuration of the polypeptide chain
c) spiralization of several polypeptide chains
d) the connection of several polypeptide chains.
32. The following are not involved in maintaining the quaternary structure of the protein:
a) peptide b) hydrogen c) ionic d) hydrophobic.
33. The physicochemical and biological properties of a protein are completely determined by its structure:
a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary.
34. Fibrillar proteins include:
a) globulin, albumin, collagen b) collagen, keratin, myosin
c) myosin, insulin, trypsin d) albumin, myosin, fibroin.
35. Globular proteins include:
a) fibrinogen, insulin, trypsin b) trypsin, actin, elastin
c) elastin, thrombin, albumin d) albumin, globulin, glucagon.
36. A protein molecule acquires natural (native) properties as a result of self-assembly of the structure
a) primary b) mostly primary, less often secondary
c) quaternary d) mostly tertiary, less often quaternary.
37. Monomers of nucleic acid molecules are:
a) nucleosides b) nucleotides c) polynucleotides d) nitrogenous bases.
38. The DNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases:
a) adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine b) cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
c) thymine, uracil, thymine, cytosine d) adenine, uracil, thymine, cytosine
39.The RNA molecule contains nitrogenous bases:
a) adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine b) cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine c) thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine d) adenine, uracil, thymine, cytosine.
40. The composition of monomers of DNA and RNA molecules differs from each other in content:
a) sugar b) nitrogenous bases c) sugar and nitrogenous bases d) sugar, nitrogenous bases and phosphoric acid residues.
41. Purine nitrogenous bases that make up DNA include:
a) adenine and thymine b) uracil and cytosine c) adenine and guanine d) cytosine and thymine
42 Pyrimidine nitrogenous bases that make up DNA include:
a) adenine and thymine b) uracil and cytosine c) adenine and guanine d) cytosine and thymine.
43. Purine nitrogenous bases that make up RNA include: a) adenine and uracilb) adenine and guanine c) cytosine and thymine d) cytosine and uracil
44 To pyrimidines. The nitrogenous bases that make up RNA include:
a) adenine and uracil b) adenine and guanine c) cytosine and thymine d) cytosine and uracil
45.The ratio of nucleotides in DNA is constant
a) A+G/T+C b) A+T/G+C c) A+C/T+G d) A/G, T/C.
46. The ratio of nucleotides in RNA is constant:
a) A+G/T+C b) A+G/U+C c) A+U/G+C d) A/G,U/C.
47. During the synthesis of DNA and RNA molecules, a polynucleotide chain is formed due to connections between:a) residues of nucleotide sugars b) residues of phosphoric acids and nucleotide sugars
c) nitrogenous bases and sugar residues of nucleotides d) nitrogenous bases and phosphoric acid residues of nucleotides.
48. The secondary structure of DNA is maintained through connections between:
a) adjacent nucleotides of one of the chains
b) phosphoric acid residues of nucleotides in two chains
c) complementary nitrogenous bases in two chains
d) non-complementary nitrogenous bases of nucleotides in two chains.
49. The connection of two polynucleotide chains into a DNA helix is carried out by bonds:
a) ionic b) hydrogen c) hydrophobic d) electrostatic.
50. The number of bonds arising in the complementary adenine-thymine base pair of a DNA molecule is equal to: a)1 b)2 c) 3 d) 4.
51. The number of bonds arising in the complementary guanine-cytosine base pair of a DNA molecule is equal to: a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4.
52. the number of variants of complementary base pairs of DNA nucleotides is equal to:
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5.
53. The distance between the sugar-phosphate backbones of two DNA chains is equal to the distance occupied by:
a) a pair of purine bases b) a pair of pyrimidine bases
c) one purine and one pyrimidine base d) two purine and two pyrimidine bases.
54. A full turn of the DNA double helix occurs at:
a) 5 nucleotide pairs b) 10 nucleotide pairs c) 15 nucleotide pairs d) 20 nucleotide pairs
55. The model of the structure of the DNA molecule was proposed by J. Watson and F. Crick in:
a) 1930 b) 1950 c) 1953 d) 1962
56. The cell contains DNA in:
a) nucleus b) nucleus and cytoplasm c) nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria d) nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
57. The largest molecular sizes are:
a) tRNA b) snRNA c) mRNA d) rRNA.
58. Protein biosynthesis in the cell mainly involves:
a) DNA. mRNA b) mRNA, tRNA c) tRNA, rRNA d) mRNA, rRNA.
59.The ATP molecule contains:
a) adenine, deoxyribose and three phosphoric acid residues b) adenine, ribose and three phosphoric acid residues c) adenine, ribose and three phosphoric acid residues d) adenine, deoxyribose and three phosphoric acid residues.
60. In the ATP molecule, phosphoric acid residues are interconnected by bonds:
a) two hydrogen b) two electrostatic c) two high-energy...
d) three macroergic ones.
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