"Natalia the Boyar's Daughter", a work by Karamzin, is shining example a new trend, which was used by writers of the late nineteenth century, including Karamzin. A new trend is sentimentalism, and if before this classicism was used, which depicted a worthy citizen of his homeland, his duty, honor, now the inner world of a person, his feelings, experiences are depicted, and an example of this is Karamzin’s work “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter.
Karamzin's work Natalya Boyarskaya daughter
What is this work about? Of course, about love, the real one. About that feeling that everyone wants to experience, that everyone dreams of, and Natalya - main character, learned what love is, what it means to love. This work will tell us the love story of the daughter of Matvey Andreev, Natalya, and the son of the boyar Lyuboslavsky, Alexei.
Natalya fell in love with Alexei so much that she even decided to run away from home. She leaves her father just to be with her husband. But she never forgot about her father, so their man always brought news about Natalya’s father. We see the power of great love not only when Natalya leaves home to fetch her husband, but also when the heroine goes on a military campaign with Alexei, because her life was unthinkable without him.
The work ends good ending, after all, the sovereign forgives Alexei, just as Natalya’s father forgives. The couple go to Moscow and live happily there.
In Karamzin’s work “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter” there are several main characters. You can also highlight Matvey, Natalya’s father, who was honest and noble. One can single out the nanny, who replaced Natalya’s mother, and Alexei, Natalya’s lover, but still, the main character is Natalya, and it’s not for nothing that the author named his work after her. Natalya is an example of a real Russian woman who knows how to love and care for her neighbors. Her world, both internal and external, is beautiful. She is humble and yet strong-willed. Natalya is an example of devotion and fidelity; the ideal image of a wife, lover and daughter.
Literature lesson notes
Audience: 6th grade.
Lesson type: combined lesson
Subject: N.M. Karamzin "Natalia, the boyar's daughter." Portrait of Natalia.
Lesson Objectives:
educational: give an idea about N.M. Karamzin, teach to see artistic media and factual material in the text of the work
developing: develop the ability to see the main thing, analyze text, master artistic images
educational: to form a moral image of a girl, to cultivate respect for feelings, for family.
Lesson Objectives:
get acquainted with the biography of N.M. Karamzin
answer questions about the work
“draw” the character’s inner world
Lesson progress
Stage
What does a teacher do
What students do
Expected results
Organizational
nal stage
(2 minutes)
Hello guys, please prepare a textbook on literature, as well as notebooks
Prepare everything necessary for work
Organization of learning space
Teacher's opening speech, student's speech
(15 minutes)
At home you read the story “Natalya, the Boyar’s Daughter.” Its author is Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin.
Now<фамилия, имя>we will be introduced to the biography of this writer. Your task is to listen carefully to the message and write down key dates.
Student delivers a message and presentation.
The class writes down key dates and information about the author.
Notebook entries
The main stage, consideration of the image of Natalia.
(25 minutes)
The story is titled “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter,” which indicates that the writer was more interested in the life of the heart, the story of the heroine’s life and love.
Today we will dwell on this topic. So, the topic of our lesson is “Life of the Heart.”
Write down the questions we answer and a short answer; you can underline passages from the text with a pencil.
In what atmosphere does Natalia spend her childhood? Give examples from the text.
Read how Natalya spends her time. What can we say about the inner world of a person who behaves this way?
Let's summarize briefly. What shaped Natalia’s character? Write it down.
warm family atmosphere
beauty of nature
prayers, church services
needlework
innocent fun - walks, games, songs
4. Did Natalya change at any point? What changed in her mood and character? Read it.
5. Did she understand what was happening to her? Find words that characterize the heroine’s state.
She has a rich imagination, because the image of her lover was created not on the characters of books or films, but by the power of her imagination.
And therefore, when in church she met the gaze of a “wonderful young man,” “her heart told her: “Here he is!”
6. Read what Natalya experiences when her heart told her: “Here he is!”
8. Have you noticed that the author is always present next to the heroine? He constantly addresses the reader.
Read his warnings.
9. How is Natalia’s character presented through these words? Read words that would show his strengths.
10. In what other action does Natalya reveal herself as a brave and devoted woman?
11. What do you think lies behind her such decisive actions?
12. Let's return to the story and remember what the elderly priest promised them during the wedding ceremony.
Did it come true?
They talk about father, mother, nanny.
“People's love and royal mercy were the reward of the old boyar's virtue.<...>He had long since mourned her mother, who fell asleep in eternal sleep in his arms.<…>in young Natalya he saw new image deceased, and instead of bitter tears of sadness, sweet tears of tenderness shone in his eyes.” / “she woke up her nanny, the faithful servant of her late mother. “Get up, mom! - Natalya said. “They will announce mass soon.” Mom got up, got dressed,<…>beauties with a pearl bandage.
A number of epithets: “young blood, heated by night dreams”, “tender cheeks”, “scarlet blush”, “white face”, “black, fluffy eyelashes”). Bright colors: “dark coffee hair” - “white chest”. “black eyelashes” - “the scariest blush on a white face.” Contrast: dark - white, black - scarlet. Comparisons: flowers in the field are the beauties of Moscow, the rose is the most beautiful of all - Natalya was the most beautiful of all
Her attitude towards nature characterizes Natalya as a girl with a rich inner world and a keen sense of nature.
“Natalya had changed in many ways - she was not so lively, not so playful... sometimes she thought... did not find the same pleasure in anything... the beauty sighed and languished.”
“There is a need to love, love, love!”
““I didn’t know how to give an account of my new feelings”, “I didn’t understand my heart movements”, “I didn’t know how to interpret dreams”, “I didn’t know what I wanted”
“She lowered her eyes, but not for long; she looked at the handsome man again, her face glowed again, and her heart trembled again.”
“… the sensitive boyar’s daughter did not want to drink or eat, she stopped sleeping and could walk forcibly... Only at night did her tears flow onto the soft headboard.”
“The first person to enter was not him! Another one came in - not him! The third, the fourth – it’s not him! The fifth one entered, and all the veins trembled in Natalya - it was he, that handsome man whose image was forever impressed in her soul! From strong inner excitement she almost fell and had to lean on her nanny’s shoulder.” When the meeting took place, in the eyes of the lovers “fiery feelings were depicted, a heart boiling with love”
“…Do not doubt the truth; Do not doubt the strength of the mutual attraction that two hearts feel, created for each other.”
“If all the people, how many of them there were then in the Russian kingdom, said in one voice to Natalya: “Alexey is a villain!”, She would answer them with a quiet smile: “No!.. My heart knows him better than you, my heart says that he is the kindest of all, the kindest of all.”
This act reveals Natalya’s character: she is decisive, courageous: “on her face there were signs of strong emotional movements, but not doubt, not hesitation - for she made up her mind,” knowing for sure: “the one dear to her soul cannot be an evil person!”
When Alexei decided to go to war with the “fierce Lithuanians” who “revolted against the Russian kingdom.”
Love for Alexey.
At the wedding, the “prosperity in life” promised by the old priest became a reality. This is exactly how the author ends his story.
Notebook entries, searching for information in text, analysis inner world character.
Summing up. Homework.
(3 minutes)
Let's share our impressions: what words with which the author described Natalia do you remember most?
Identify the key words that we often mentioned in today's conversation.
At home, answer in writing the question “Is her lover worthy of Natalia?” Prove why with examples from the text.
Read out the underlined examples from the text and name the words (such as feeling, heart, soul, love).
Summarizing the acquired knowledge, highlighting the key words of the work.
Uncomplicated storyline corresponds to a limited number characters. Before us pass the kind “fairy-tale” king, his virtuous confidant - boyar Matvey, his daughter, her lover and her nanny. But with a limited number of characters, not all of them are revealed in the story with equal completeness. The story “Natalya, the Boyar’s Daughter” is relatively short and not very rich in events of an “external” nature, since the author’s main interest is focused on “internal”, psychological events. However, the story, as if by itself, is divided into two parts, differing in the nature of the content and especially in the pace of development of the action in them.
Creating “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter” in the new genre of “sentimental story,” Karamzin at the same time does not break ties with the literary tradition that preceded and contemporary to him. In some cases, the writer still remains within the tradition, and more often overcomes it. But this is precisely why the story fits so organically into the overall picture of the historical and literary process.
Karamzin sketches a vivid picture of a deserted Moscow, where, after the performance of Russian soldiers against the enemy, only weak old men and women remained: “Alas! what emptiness there is in the Russian capital. Everything is quiet, everything is sad. No one is visible on the streets except weak elders and women who, with sad faces, go to church to pray to God to turn away the menacing cloud from the Russian kingdom, grant victory to the Orthodox warriors and scatter the Lithuanian hosts.” But already in “Letters of a Russian Traveler” there are paintings of the same nature (although not on Russian material), and in “Poor Liza” there are attempts at historical painting on material national history. Describing the Simonov Monastery, Karamzin presents to the reader “an image of the miracles that happened in this monastery - there fish fall from the sky to feed the inhabitants of the monastery, besieged by numerous enemies; here the image of the Mother of God puts the enemies to flight. All this renews the history of our fatherland in my memory - sad story those times when the ferocious Tatars and Lithuanians devastated the environs of the Russian capital with fire and sword and when unfortunate Moscow, like a defenseless widow, expected help from God alone in its cruel disasters.”
Exam: Russian literature of the 18th century
Karamzin’s narrator in “Natalya, the Boyar’s Daughter” not only reveals for us the history of the heroes, empathizing with what is being discussed, he is free in his conversation with the reader, often cheerful and ironic.
The correlation with the genre canon of the ode returns again in the first and main characterization, which precedes the appearance of the virtuous boyar Matvey, Natalya’s father. His main skills are the ability to be a “friend of humanity”, to accept the blows of fate and to face death without fear; how easy it is to imagine a portrait of such a person by reading the lines of philosophical odes of the poets who were Karamzin’s predecessors: A.P. “Sumarokova, M.M.”Kheraskova or V.I.”Maikova.
"Such was the boyar Matvey, the royal servant, true friend humanity. He had already passed sixty years, and the blood was already circulating more slowly in his veins.<...>But is it good to be afraid of this thick, impenetrable darkness in which human days are lost?<...>He walks forward, fearlessly, enjoying the last rays of the setting sun, turns his calm gaze to the past and with a joyful - albeit dark, but no less joyful foreboding - puts his foot into the unknown."
The originality of Karamzin's first historical story lies in the fact that it shows the past not from the front, official side, but in its homely appearance. The heroine of the story Natalya - only daughter the elderly widower boyar Matvey Andreev. The solitary chamber life of a young girl is depicted, her modest amusements with her neighbors and friends. The main content of the story is the heroine’s love experiences, starting with anxious longings that she herself does not understand and ending with the all-consuming passion that took possession of her when she met the chosen one of her heart. Natalya was allowed to appear outside the house only in church and then under the supervision of her mother. This is where she meets Alexei Lyuboslavsky, the son of a disgraced boyar, forced to hide in the forests near Moscow. According to A. Starchevsky’s convincing guess, the starting point for creating the story was “the marriage of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich with Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, a pupil of the boyar Matveev.” But from this historical basis in the story, except for the names, nothing remained. The historicism of the work is still superficial and limited to household items, clothing, and weapons of the 17th century.
In Karamzin's story, the facts of the biography of A. S. Matveev (educator of the mother of Peter I, boyar Artamon Sergeevich Matveev) are divided between two heroes. The first, prosperous part of his life served as material for the image of Natalya’s father, the boyar Matvey Andreev. The story of the disgrace and exile of A. S. Matveev, together with his young son Andrei, was reflected in the fate of the boyar Lyuboslavsky and his son Alexei. The Karamzin boyar Matvey is presented as the wise and impartial mentor of the tsar, the defender of all the offended. He acts as a mediator between the people and the supreme power. Without fear of disgrace, he tells the king everything he thinks, fairly resolves legal disputes, and always stands only for the truth. A special place is given to the hospitality and love of poverty of Natalya’s father; philanthropy has always been one of the cornerstones of Karamzin’s social program. For Karamzin, family and home virtues serve as a reliable support for public virtues. Boyar Matvey is an ideal father and an equally ideal citizen. Alexey Lyuboslavsky is a gentle son, an exemplary husband and at the same time a brave warrior. Even in Natalya, love for her husband awakens military ardor, and together with Alexei she goes out onto the battlefield. Of course, one should not see in this work a true reflection of social and family relations XVII century Before us is a typical utopia of a noble enlightener late XVIII century, who transferred his idea of an ideal class-monarchical state to the past and contrasted this ideal public relations of its time.
Master of the plot lyrical story on historical topic N. M. Karamzin showed himself in “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter,” which served as a transition from “Letters of a Russian Traveler” and “ Poor Lisa"to "History of the Russian State". In this story the reader meets love story, transferred to the time of Alexei Mikhailovich, perceived conventionally as a “kingdom of shadows.” We have before us a combination of the “Gothic novel” with family legend, based on a love incident with an inevitable successful outcome - everything takes place in an ideal country, among the most good-natured heroes.
The author does not spare extensive comparisons in order to show the heroine’s prettiness, her enchanting perfection: “No beauty could compare with Natalya. Natalya was the prettiest of all. Let the reader imagine the whiteness of Italian marble and Caucasian snow: he still will not imagine the whiteness of her face - and, imagining the color of a marshmallow mistress, he will still not have a perfect idea of the scarlet of Natalya’s cheeks.”
The events depicted were distinguished by romantic poignancy - sudden love, secret wedding, flight, search, return, happy life to the grave... Soon before us romantic poem, but N. M. Karamzin’s stories are generally close to poetry in rhythm, action, and vocabulary. However, something new appeared in the story. Although historical signs are rather conventional, they are a sign of national identity, which is the key to the authenticity of art. N. M. Karamzin made an attempt to recreate the Russian national character, opening history as a subject artistic image. The boyar in the story, Matvey Andreev, rich, smart, important, a great hospitable person, judges and judges, “placing a clean hand on a clean heart.” And his key phrase sounds like self-characterization: “this one is right in my conscience,<…>this one is guilty according to my conscience...” Thus, the matter was resolved without delay, and “the guilty one fled into the dense forests to hide his shame from people.” Skobichevsky A.M. was ironic about the story, writing that all its heroes are naive, the story has few “points of contact with pre-Petrine antiquity.” All literature was filled, especially when turning to history, with “stilted personifications of various passions.” Comprehension of time - objectively defined, quite accurate - was a matter of the future.
It was in this story that N.M. Karamzin addressed the Russian man in all respects. The work begins with an appeal to the readers, let us remember the introduction: “Who among us does not love those times when Russians were Russians, when they dressed up in their own clothes, walked with their own gait, lived according to their custom, spoke in their own language and according to their hearts, i.e. did they say what they thought?”
The author even allows himself to slightly make fun of his own and very recent fiery Europeanism - his heroine “had all the properties of a well-bred girl, although the Russians did not then read either Locke’s On Education or Roussow’s Emil.”
Actually, “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter” is a farewell to youth, with its unrealistic dreams and delusions. N. M. Karamzin became disillusioned not with the “ancient stones” of Europe, but with what followed the Great French revolution. The story was a kind of Karamzin statement that we have “become special.” The story in the story is still rather conventional and static; but the muse Clio, not yet fully revealing her face, imperiously called N.M. Karamzin to her. There were only a few steps left to mutual and happy love for life. The hidden, mocking mention of the idol of youth, J. J. Rousseau, only meant that one should seek wisdom not only in journeys to distant lands, but also at home.
“Natalya, the Boyar’s Daughter” is a stamp of the writer’s favorite thought that the past only does not pass when you love it; The closest thing to Russian talent is to glorify what is Russian, especially since one should accustom fellow citizens to respect everything that is their own and dear. If we approach it by today's standards, then the story in the story is still just a panorama - a stage backdrop for the characters flaunting the colorful caftans of the times of Alexei Mikhailovich. But she spoke through the lips of her lovers in “Natalya, the Boyar’s Daughter” - for the first time! ― simple-minded pre-Petrine Rus', and the author felt not like an imitator of Laurence Stern, but an artist, a pet of the earthlings Father and Father.
