Impersonal offers.

Impersonal offers.

Highlight the grammatical basis of sentences. Indicate impersonal offers.

It was freezing worse than in the morning. It was freezing early in the morning. It was still a little light in the yard. It was already getting dark when the troops arrived at their overnight camp. It was powdery last night. It was already getting dark and cold. My breath stole from my throat with joy. The whole animal howled and groaned. He was shivering and aching. I was breathing deeply. I just wasn't feeling well this time. It creaked, whistled and howled in the forest. It rained at night. It thundered in the distance. The sawmill yard is on fire. My ears are blocked. My head is still pounding. The state has budgeted cash. It even took Pavel Vasilyevich’s breath away. The event captivated all spectators. My throat tightened with disgust. My vision went dark. There was a whiff of dampness coming from the hut. There was a strong, stuffy smell of ink and paint. Small ripples quietly sparkled along the sleepy river. I haven't always been lucky. He was carried away into ancient world, and he talked about the Aegina marbles. And the wind finally knocked down that tree. The stars were shrouded in darkness. Suddenly a light, unbearably white and bright, hit my eyes until I was blind. My whole chest felt cold and filled with a feeling of joy and delight. The burning frost burns your face. The heat scorches those who come close to the stove. The Tushin battery was forgotten. Already sent in pursuit. We sat in the lithograph, where it was smoky. It's already quite dawn. I can't sleep. The smell of hay over the meadows. Gerasim was no longer in the yard. There will be a thaw. Already sent to catch up Today there is no letter from you. You're a little cold. We need to rebuild our whole life. It's time for us to go.

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Test your knowledge

With the main member - predicate () Definitely - personal With the main member - subject () Indefinitely personal denominative One-part sentences Generalized personal impersonal

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Please provide specific and personal suggestions:

I love the smoke of burnt stubble. Try to do this work carefully. We admired the wonderful picture of nature. The painting by Shishkin was restored last year. O/l. O/l.

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Indicate vaguely personal sentences:

How fiercely every leaf of the birch, aspen, and mountain ash burns. In the forest all night long they whistle, click, and ring. At the school in our village they are fond of table tennis. I was detained after school. undefined/personal undefined/personal undefined/personal

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Indicate vaguely personal sentences with a generalized meaning:

I see mountains and valleys. You can't pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty. You are asked to come to the phone. You won't find a better side than your own. Explain the spelling of the endings of the verb - eat nepr./personal. with generalization meaning cont./personal with generalization meaning

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In an impersonal sentence

the main member can be expressed: 1) By an impersonal verb 2) By a personal verb in impersonal use 3) By words of the state category 4) By an infinitive 5) By the words no, was not 6) By the words must, must, must...

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Let's practice

Indicate impersonal sentences A. You cannot fill a bottomless barrel with water. B. Get ready for the lesson. B. The tree was set on fire by a thunderstorm. G. It will be dawn soon.

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Justify that sentences are impersonal

1. Without clearly intensified hard work, there are no talents or geniuses. 2. Again the smell of spring came through my window, and I could breathe more comfortably and freely. 3. I just wasn’t feeling well this time. 4. Reeks of bitter smoke. 5. I didn’t have the strength to get up. 6. The snow has disappeared - it’s both warm and light.

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Sentence construction Convert a two-part sentence into an impersonal one

I'm not healthy. The baby is not sleeping. Evening is approaching. Snow covered the road. Do you have a book?

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Constructing sentences Convert a two-part sentence into an impersonal one Self-test

I'm not feeling well. The baby can't sleep. It's getting dark. The road was covered with snow. Don't you have a book?

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WORKING WITH THE TEXTBOOK (B3, B6, B7, B8, B9)

Ex. 217, p. 92. (“P”) Write down the sentences, indicate what meaning these sentences express. 2) Ex. 218. Underline the predicates in them, determine how they are expressed, draw up diagrams. whole class – 1,2,3 sentences. - individual – Saakov A. – 4 sentences. Salov Vadim – 5 sentences, Pashchenko A. – 6 sentences. Kravtsov K. – 7 sentences.

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Name one-part sentences. Please indicate their type

1) By midnight, the top of the moon turned red from this dust, and a piece of the sky around us also glowed red. 2) At such moments you always expect something unusual. 3) The owl's ears, like a direction finder, determine the point where the prey is swarming. 4) But she was called long-eared not for her real ears, but for the two tufts of feathers that stick out on her forehead. 5) Night. 6) It's cold. 7) I want to sleep. 8) And suddenly something whistled very close by. 9) It crackled. Answer: 2 (Defined/l), 4 (undefined/l), 5 (nominal), 6 (untitled), 7 (undefinable), 9 untitled)

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Working with text. Text compression (C1) (homogeneous sentence members)

I couldn’t believe that mushrooms had grown in this forest so recently. The ground under the trees was clean and barren. Even if you walk around the entire forest, not a single wave will turn pink before your eyes. Dry, clean, light from the leaves in the forest. You will lie down in a clearing in the sun, warm up, listen to the light rustling of leaves and not notice how weightless, thin gold will be thrown over you. And then suddenly a gust of wind will blow, and a rustling golden blizzard will swirl in the forest. Task: find impersonal sentences in the text.

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Test tasks Establish compliance. Types of offers.

The burning frost scorches the face. Study, compare the facts. The days of late autumn are usually scolded. They don’t carry firewood into the forest a) definite-personal b) indefinite-personal c) generalized-personal d) impersonal Answer: 2-a; 3 – b; 1 – g; 4-in

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Is the predicate expressed?

It smells like hay over the meadows 2) Gerasim was no longer in the yard 3) My eyes darkened a) with an impersonal verb b) with an impersonal form of a personal verb c) words with negative meanings Answer: 2-c; 1-b; 3-a

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Homework. Prepare a story using the “One-Part Sentence” scheme. - everyone, task from exercise. 217 (analysis) Essays - miniatures on the themes “Early Morning” or “Winter Sketches” using impersonal sentences. Individual - exercise 223 (assigned) Fill out the self-assessment sheet, submit them and notebooks for checking.

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Let's sum it up

What new did you learn in the lesson? What were the difficulties? What tasks did you enjoy doing? Why?

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Topic: Preparing for the Unified State Exam. (Word composition. Word formation.) Simple sentence.

24.07.2013 13141 0

Goals: repeat types of simple sentences; recall parsing sentences, cultivate linguistic flair.

Lesson type: lesson on using zun.

Equipment: table “Sentence”, “Parsing of a simple sentence”, cards on the topic “Phrase”, s./r. “The composition of the word. Word formation" (see appendix).

Progress of the lesson.

I. Checking homework. Working with cards.

1. Students read independently composed sentences and analyze them.

2. Work using cards (3 people)

II. Vocabulary warm-up.

· Write down the words, explain the spelling.

Not visible, overshadow, swine, demarcate, trans-Japanese, super-industrialization, pre-impressionist, carapace, requiem, silhouette, lung burn, lung burn, combination, punctuation, grammar, creeping plants, due to flood, unexpectedly, newly minted, at the trot, backhand, agricultural, youth, terrorist attack, producer.

· Graphically highlight the spellings and explain the lexical meaning of the words.

I.Work on the topic of the lesson.

· Reading §70-73, 75, 76, 78.

· Drawing up a table “Types of offers”.

	Structural and communicative characteristics of a sentence	Types of proposals according to specified characteristics
	According to the purpose of the statement	Narrative, interrogative, incentive
	By emotional coloring	Exclamation, non-exclamation
	According to the form of denial or affirmation	Affirmative, negative
	By the presence of a grammatical basis	Simple, complex
	According to the structure of the grammatical basis	One-piece, two-piece
	By the presence of minor members	Common, not common
	By substitution of syntactic positions	Complete, incomplete
	Based on the presence of complicating structures	Complicated, uncomplicated

· Exercises 366, 369, 371 are performed orally.

IV. Repetition of the topic “One-part sentences”.

· Reading theoretical material on p. 250.

V. Consolidation.

· Complete the following tasks in your notebooks.

1. Copy the sentences, insert missing letters and punctuation marks. Determine the type of one-part sentences:

A burning frost hits your face. It’s like I hear a song from my childhood. You're walking through the forest, going through...word after word in your head, and so on...and so on. Where did they come from? And sometimes you find an explanation for a word and rejoice. I don’t immediately go to..how to tear myself away from the wonderful..pages of poetry. It's easy and joyful... but in the soul.

2. Transform what is written, giving the depicted actions a generalized character.

For relaxation best place I won't find it. In the summer in the forest I simply get lost in the abundance and variety of flowers. I get so much pleasure from the poems of Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov.

3. Determine the type of one-part sentences (do not write off sentences).

a) There is a dull pounding in the chest.

b) Admiringbrooding pine trees.

c) Sing, little light,don't be ashamed!

d) It is very important to live with great interests.

d) Swimming is taught here.

f) You can’t get bread by lying down.

3. Find the grammatical basis in the sentence. Determine the type of sentence by the presence of main members.

beats,clanging, shots, screams, splashing water, exploding hand grenades. (A. Tolstoy.)

· Define sentences in which the main member is the subject. Give examples.

· What stylistic role do nominative sentences play? In what style of speech are they widely used?

VI. Lesson summary.

VII. Homework.

1. Prepare for the oral examination (§70-73, 75, 76, 78). Make a plan for an oral response “Types of sentences.”

2. Exercise 372.

INDEPENDENT WORK ON THE TOPIC “COMPOSITION OF THE WORD. WORD FORMATION." (USE. TASK B1)

Algorithm of actions:compulsory reading of the sentence (sentences) in which the word is found – determining whether the word belongs to any part of speech – selecting the “closest relative” – comparing the original word with the found one – isolating the word-forming morpheme and determining the correct answer.

I.From sentence 12, write down a word formed in a prefix-suffix way.

No, the book has not become worse, it still fulfills its purpose, it just as patiently and kindly teaches a person, conveys to him the wisdom carefully collected by our ancestors.

II.From sentences 22-23, write down a word formed in a prefix-suffix way.

Many years of observations showed him that a person who never sympathized with anyone, did not empathize with anyone’s suffering, when faced with his own misfortune, turns out to be unprepared for it. He faces this test pitiful and helpless.

III.From sentences 5-8, write down a word formed in a suffixless way (using a zero suffix).

There is a crush: at the doors, at the turnstiles, at the escalators, in the underground passages. In the yellow electric light a silent human river flows and flows. By the evening you’ve seen enough, heard enough, you’re tired, you can barely walk. Again – the metro, its dungeons.

IV.From sentences 7-9, write down a word formed in a suffixless way (using a zero suffix).

If you didn't have to become what you wanted, there are two decent options. Or overcome all external and internal obstacles and try to follow the path chosen in youth. No one can promise success, but the difficulties here are enormous!

V.From sentences 27-28, write down the word that is formed by a prefix.

Unlike other types of art, literature requires not sensual, but intellectual comprehension. The reader creates images of heroes, penetrates into the subtext of the work through the work of thought.

VI.From sentences 9-11, write down a word that is formed by a prefix.

I must say that during my youthful life, the works of Alexander Greene were made almost forbidden several times. And Slava always remained faithful to romance and knew “Scarlet Sails” by heart.

“You should at least lower your collar,” I said.

VII.Determine how the word REFLECTION is formed (sentence 18).

Every person has the right to free reflection about what was, is and will be.

VIII. Indicate the way to form the word UNHINDERED (sentence 3).

Indeed, we do not value air and do not think about it while we breathe normally and unhindered.

IX.From sentences 20-21, write down the word formed by the suffix method.

He looked at us and suddenly said:

- Thank you for the gift!

X.Practical tasks:

1) Make three or four versions of task B1.

2) Construct a word-formation chain of the following words: ungroup, unknown, iridescent, crush, unchangeable, watering (of flowers), tint, snap, serious, scoop.

Impersonal sentences are one-part sentences, the main member of which does not allow the designation of the subject of action in the form of the nominative case and names a process or state regardless of the active figure.

Grammatical subject in such sentences there cannot be by their very structure, since the form of the predicate does not contain the meaning of the person expressed by the form of the nominative case, it cannot be established by connections with other members of the sentence.

If in an indefinite-personal or generalized-personal sentence the subject is not indicated, but is thought (indefinitely or generally), then in impersonal offer it doesn't exist at all. This is the essence of these sentences, in them “the subject is eliminated not only from speech, but also from thought.”

Impersonal sentences of different types were formed in different eras. According to D.N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky and A.M. Peshkovsky, the most ancient type are sentences with an actual impersonal verb, such as It is getting light; Freezing; Has a fever; It's getting dark. Apparently very ancient era sentences with such predicates were two-part, such as Frost is freezing, The evening is getting dark. The light is dawning. Such tautological constructions in rare cases have been preserved in modern Russian (thunder rumbles, the wind blows. The formation of impersonal constructions is the result abstract thinking, since in them there is a distraction from a specific figure who causes or produces a certain action. Following the example of this type, impersonal sentences are then created with a predicate expressed in the impersonal form of the verb (cf. The hail knocked down the crops. - The crops were hit by hail; The wind knocked down a tree. - The wind knocked down a tree). A.M. Peshkovsky connects the growth of impersonal constructions with the general trend in the language - the displacement of the name by the verb.

Impersonal offers are widespread in fiction, which is constantly enriched with facts spoken language. The use of impersonal constructions allows us to describe states characterized by unawareness, lack of motivation (cf.: I don’t want - conscious reluctance; I don’t want - unconscious reluctance), give the action a special shade of lightness (it’s said to me - it’s easy for me to speak) and, finally, highlight the action itself, if necessary or the state of not being related to any figure. All this contributes to the widespread spread of impersonal constructions specifically in colloquial speech and in the language of fiction.

Main member an impersonal sentence can be expressed by: 1) an impersonal verb, 2) a personal verb in an impersonal meaning, 3) an impersonal predicative word (with or without an infinitive), 4) a short passive participle in the neuter form, 5) a negative word or construction, expressing denial.

In terms of their structure, impersonal sentences can be different:

a) the main member does not require additional words: It’s getting dark; It's dawn; Freezing;

b) the main member requires an addition in the genitive case: It was not possible to go; There was no noise; The products will not last long;

c) the main member requires an addition in the dative case (if necessary, indicate the subject): I’m not feeling well; He couldn't sit at home;

d) the main member requires an addition in the instrumental case: There was a whiff of dampness; It felt cold;

e) the main member requires a direct object: The dam blew up; The Tarantas was pushed.

1. Impersonal verbs in the role of the main member of the impersonal sentence is dawning, freezing, evening, drizzling, chilling, feeling sick, unwell, sleeping, wanting, getting dark, dozing, etc. have a form that coincides with the form of the 3rd person singular, and in the past tense - with the neuter singular form (it was dawning, it was chilling, it was getting dark, it was getting dark, it was unwell, etc.). But the meaning of these verbs is such that they do not allow the use of a noun or pronoun in the nominative case.

General value impersonal sentences of this type are determined by the meaning of the impersonal verb. They can indicate the state of nature, environment: It was freezing more than in the morning (G.); It was still a little light in the yard (T.); It was already getting dark when the troops arrived at their overnight camp (L. T.); It’s getting very late (M.G.); It's getting dark. Blue spring looks out the window (Prishv.); mental or physical state of a living being: The breath is taken away from the goiter with joy (Kr.); My heart sank (T.); He was shivering and aching (L. T.); I just wasn’t feeling well this time (Kupr.); He was feverish (Virta); And it’s easy to breathe in the hall (Sim.); obligation, necessity and other modal shades (this verb is most often used with an infinitive): She could talk more calmly about her fate and what she should have done (P.); For some reason he felt that he was not speaking as he should (L. T.); He walked slowly, as befits a museum visitor (Cat.); And in order not to anger the patient, Proshka will have to stand by the window (Sim.).

2. Impersonal sentences, the main member of which is expressed by a personal verb in an impersonal meaning, are quite common in the Russian language and are diverse in structure and meaning. Personal verbs in impersonal use lose their inflectional forms and become frozen in the 3rd person singular form or in the neuter past tense form. Wed. personal and impersonal designs: The air becomes fresher. - It’s getting fresher outside; The wind howls. - There is a howling in the pipe; The sun warmed the earth. - It was warm at noon.

There are much more personal verbs that can be used in an impersonal meaning than actually impersonal verbs, which is why the meanings of constructions with this type of verb are so diverse and rich. They can denote natural phenomena, natural phenomena and the state of the environment: It became somewhat quiet at night (Gonch.); The whole sky has been laid up (N. Ost.); The snow fell less often, it became a little lighter (Leon.); There is a fire in the sawmill yard (Ch.); mental and physical state of living beings: My ears are blocked (Gr.); My head is still pounding (G.); The priest even had a light in his eyes (S.-Shch.); It even took Pavel Vasilievich’s breath away (M.-S.); It got dark in my eyes (L.); And the day is fresh, but the bones ache (Sim.); sensory perceptions, sensations: There was a whiff of dampness from the hut (L.); ...There was a strong, stuffy smell of ink and paints (Ch.); Small ripples quietly sparkled along the sleepy river (Lesk.); phenomena attributed to fate, or the actions of an unreal force: It happens that mine is luckier (Gr.); I haven't been lucky forever (N.); ...He was carried away to the ancient world, and he talked about the Aegina marbles (T.); I was inspired to go there; action unknown force by means of some instrument: And the wind finally felled that tree (Kr.); The stars were shrouded in darkness (A.N.T.); Suddenly a light, unbearably white and bright, hit my eyes until I was blind (Pinch.); ...I’m waiting for it to become overgrown or covered with silt (Ch.); In the garden at night, the wind knocked down all the apples and broke one old plum (Ch.); The whole chest was filled with cold, filled with a feeling of joy, delight (Ch.); Burning frost scorches the face (Furm.).

3. Impersonal sentences are also quite common, the main member of which is expressed by an impersonal predicative word. Some of these words act as a main member only when combined with an infinitive. The meaning of an impersonal sentence is determined by the meaning of the impersonal predicative word.

Impersonal sentences with an impersonal predicative word starting with -o can denote the state of nature or the environment: The room becomes quiet (M. G.); Look, it’s late, it’s cold (L.); It’s solemn and wonderful in heaven (L.); It was dark in our house on Bolshaya Dvoryanskaya (Ch.); mental or physical state of living beings: Why is it so painful and so difficult for me? (L..); You are a little cold, you cover your face with the collar of your overcoat (T.); His head began to spin; and it became bad with him (L. T.); Hungry, wanderer, hungry (N.); I am ashamed of your congratulations, I am scared of your proud words! (Bruce.); the meaning of obligation, necessity, possibility and other modal shades: In this case, you can turn your head at the moment (Shol.); We must live! (Bruce.); He felt sick, had a headache, and was unable to travel (P.); What do you want, old man? (P.); visual or auditory perception: For a long time, neither the sound of a bell nor the sound of wheels on the flinty road was heard (L.); You can see far all around! (T.); Meanwhile, night comes; twenty steps away you can no longer see (T.).

Note. Impersonal predicative words of this group are often used with an infinitive, for example: It’s hard for me to breathe; It is a shame to listen to these speeches; Smoking is bad for you. Such sentences, when the word order is changed, may lose the impersonal meaning. The infinitive in preposition (especially followed by a long pause) easily acquires the function of the subject, for example: Breathing is difficult; Listening to these speeches is a shame; Smoking is harmful.

The same is observed in sentences with some words containing modal meaning(necessary, impossible). Wed: It was impossible to go. - It’s impossible to go.

Impersonal sentences with impersonal predicative words that morphologically coincide with nouns (sin, shame, disgrace, horror, pity, time, lack of leisure, laziness, hunting, reluctance), in combination with an infinitive, indicate an assessment of the action from the moral and ethical side: Over old age laughing is a sin (Gr.); emotional state of a person: And it was a pity for me to tell the truth (Fet); obligation in relation to the time of action: Was with me good friend, - it would be much better to be, - but sometimes I didn’t have time to talk to him (Sim.); modal-volitional shades: I would like to dance (A.N.T.).

4. The main member of an impersonal sentence can be expressed by a short passive participle with the suffixes -n-, -en; -T-.

The neuter form of the short passive participle conveys the meaning of the state as the result of the action taken. For example: Tushin’s battery was forgotten (L. T.); Already sent in pursuit (P.); We sat in the lithograph, where it was smoky (Ch.).

The main member of a short participle may contain an infinitive that names a specific action. For example: Parsley was ordered to stay at home (G.); Today you are not told to bite (Ch.).

5. In an impersonal sentence, the main structural element can be negative word or a construction expressing negation. For example, the negative word no, no: There is no longer any position in society, no former honor, no right to invite guests (Ch.); ...There's no counting of centuries (Pinch.); There is no rye, no path (Pinch.); impersonal form of the verbs to be, to become with negation: There wasn’t a penny, but suddenly altyn (last); There was no strength to bear it; Several days have passed since he passed away; noun in the form genitive case with negation: Not a sound!.. And you see the blue vault of the sky... (N.); No letters, no news. No matter how you ask them, they forgot (Sim.); negative pronouns nothing, no one, etc.: It seems like someone is there... - No one (Ch.).