Anniversary of Academician Evgeniy Davidovich Sverdlov

Academician
Sverdlov Evgeniy Davidovich

In 1955-1956 worked as a pipe-laying fitter 3, then 4 categories of the 1st trust of the Mospodzemstroy Administration SMU-3. Graduated in 1961 Faculty of Chemistry Moscow State University named after. M.V. Lomonosov with a degree in Chemistry, followed by postgraduate studies there. In 1965-1988. - senior laboratory assistant, junior, senior researcher, head of the laboratory of the Institute of Chemistry of Natural Compounds of the USSR Academy of Sciences (renamed the Institute bioorganic chemistry them. MM. Shemyakin of the USSR Academy of Sciences, then to the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after. MM. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov RAS). From 1965 to the present - head. laboratory of the Institute molecular genetics RAS, in 1988-2006. - Director of the Institute. Currently, he is the scientific director of the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Advisor to the Russian Academy of Sciences.

At the same time, in 1984-1987. - Professor of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Chemical Biology, Moscow State University Institute of Physics and Technology, from 1993 to the present - professor of molecular genetics, department molecular biology Biological Faculty of Moscow State University named after. M.V. Lomonosov.

Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1984, Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences since 1991, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1997 - Department biological sciences.

Specialist in the field of bioorganic chemistry, molecular biology and genetics.

Academician E.D. Sverdlov is an outstanding specialist in the field of physical and chemical biology, molecular biology and genetics. His main works are devoted to the development of research methods genetic material, analysis of gene structure and function, chemistry nucleic acids, development theoretical foundations modern biotechnology and the production of biotechnological products for medicine and agriculture.

1967-1985 A series of studies devoted to the development of methods for modifying nucleic acids and chemical approaches to determining their sequences, secondary structure and functional properties. Many chemical processes, developed during this period, are currently routinely used in world laboratory practice. In 1972-1973 the fundamental principle of sequence determination was put forward and experimentally substantiated (Sverdlov et al. FEBS Letters, 28, 231, 1972; FEBS Letters 33, 15, 1973), which underlies modern methods nucleic acid sequencing.

1980-1991 A series of studies on the structure and functions of bacterial RNA polymerases was carried out (together with the laboratories of Academician Yu. A. Ovchinnikov and R. B. Khesin). For the first time in the world, the primary structures of RNA polymerases from E. coli, S. typhimurium and Pseudomonas putida were determined. For the first time, mutations were identified that cause resistance of microorganisms to the antibiotic rifampicin and its derivatives and, thus, for the first time, data were obtained on the nature of resistance to this antibiotic in M. tuberculosis, which causes serious problems in the treatment of tuberculosis. As a result of these studies, methods for affinity modification of protein-nucleic acid complexes were developed, which are also still used in everyday laboratory practice. These works have received widespread international recognition and are cited in major articles and reviews in the field.

1986-1991 A series of works has been carried out to study the structure and functions of Na, K-ATPases, which are the most important components of ion transport systems in animal and human cells, the disruption of which leads to cardiovascular diseases. For the first time, the structures of subunits and their genes in pig and human ATPases have been established, the existence of gene families encoding these subunits has been shown, and the features of their expression in different tissues have been determined. Models of the functional organization of the enzyme in cells were constructed.

During the same period, a number of developments were carried out in the field of biotechnology, which led, in particular, to the isolation of human interferon genes and the creation of strains producing these bioregulators, important for medicine and agriculture. Genetically engineered human alpha interferon was the first domestic genetically engineered drug used in the clinic. The drug recombinant human interferon is used in the clinic to this day.

1992-2009 Methods for large-scale comparative analysis genomes of humans and animals, as well as their microbial pathogens, which is important for understanding the genetic basis of pathologies and the principles of evolutionary and population genetics. The technology known in the world as suppressive subtractive hybridization has received the greatest recognition. The technology makes it possible to identify differences between genome expression products in various tissues, including tumor and healthy ones. At the same time, studies are being carried out on endogenous retroviruses, the features of their structures and the possible pathological consequences of their activity in the genome of host cells. Methods have been found for the simultaneous analysis of all genomic retroviruses, and a large-scale study of their expression in different tissues, tumor and healthy cells is currently being carried out. A series of methods have been developed that allow the identification of the most important functional elements of genomes - transcription regulators, enhancers, insulators, and transcription factor binding sites. Identification of these elements is necessary to understand the functioning of the genome as an integral system in life processes, the emergence of new functions in the process of evolution and their disturbances in various pathologies.

E.D. Sverdlov took an active part in the Russian Human Genome Project, was the head of one of the sections and made an invaluable contribution to the successful implementation of this project.

Engaged in the creation of new generation drugs. Currently, under his leadership, a large complex project is being implemented “Development and production of pilot batches of new effective targeted-modified therapeutic and diagnostic agents of post-genomic generation for use in oncological practice,” which is carried out within the framework of the Federal Target Program and supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The goal of this project is to create and release into the clinic the first gene therapy drugs for the treatment of patients with lung and esophageal cancer. The project unites the largest medical and educational centers in the country, such as the Russian Oncology Research Center named after N.N. Blokhin RAMS, Moscow state university them. M.V. Lomonosov, Novosibirsk State University, as well as a number of institutes Russian Academy Sci.

The book “Organic chemistry of nucleic acids” has been translated into English language edited by Nobel laureate Lord A. Todd and is a reference book for chemical laboratories involved in the chemistry of nucleic acids.

Editor-in-Chief journal "Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology", member of the editorial board of the journals "Bioorganic Chemistry", Reports of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "GENE" (until 2003), the Netherlands, "International Journal of Genome Research", USA.

He was a member of the Bureau of the Biological Sciences Division. Member of the Bureau of the Scientific Council on Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

He was the head of the complex project "Development and production of pilot batches of new effective targeted-modified therapeutic and diagnostic agents of post-genomic generation for use in oncological practice" of the federal target program "Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2007-2012" .

Honored Professor of Moscow State University. Honorary founder of the Science of Longevity Foundation.

Member of the German Academy Leopoldina, European Academy of Sciences.

ACADEMICIAN

Sverdlov Evgeniy Davidovich

In 1961 he graduated from the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. He studied at the graduate school of the Department of Radiochemistry of the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University, and in 1965 defended his Ph.D. thesis. In 1965 - 1998, researcher, group leader, laboratory head at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after. MM. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov RAS.

In 1988 - 2006 - Director of the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Since 2006, Advisor to the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientific director of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Specialist in the field of bioorganic chemistry, molecular biology and genetics.

Corresponding member since 1984, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1997 – Department of Biological Sciences.

E. D. Sverdlov proposed the principles of research primary structure DNA. Established the structures of genes encoding bacterial RNA-polymerase (1981-1986, together with Yu.A. Ovchinnikov). Discovered the multiplicity of ATPase genes and the tissue specificity of their expression (1987).

Since 1977, he has been involved in genetic engineering developments. He cloned the genes encoding human interferon and obtained strains of these important biologically active compounds, on the basis of which their industrial production was created. He carries out work on the creation of genetically engineered antiviral vaccines.

Recently, he has been studying the influence of retroviruses on speciation in primates (comparing the genomes of great apes).

A team of scientists from the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, under his leadership and with his direct participation, was the first in the world to completely map the 19th chromosome.

Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology”. Member of the editorial boards of the journals “Bioorganic Chemistry” and “International Journal of Genome”.

Member of the Bureau of the Department of Biological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Member of the Bureau of the Scientific Council on Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Member of the Nanotechnology Council.

Head of the complex project project “Development and production of pilot batches of new effective targeted-modified therapeutic and diagnostic agents of post-genomic generation for use in oncological practice” of the federal target program “Research and Development on priority areas development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2007-2012.”

Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1991), full member of the German Academy of Sciences "Leopoldina", member of the European Academy of Sciences.

Member of the International Human Genome Organization (HUGO). Honorary founder of the Science of Longevity Foundation.

Laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes.

Awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and the Order of Honor.

IBCh named after M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov RAS

Evgeny Davidovich Sverdlov Soviet and Russian biochemist, professor, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Chemical Sciences.

Biography

• Father David Immanuilovich Sverdlov employee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine; mother Yudith Markovna school teacher.
• Graduated in 1955 high school with a silver medal in the Stavropol Territory, where he was evacuated with his mother during the war. In the summer of 1955 he entered Faculty of Physics Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, but did not pass the competition. For a year he worked as a mechanic at Mospodzemstroy. At the beginning labor activity received the third and then the fourth category, becoming a fairly qualified pipeline fitter, but even then he did not give up the idea of ​​​​entering Moscow University.

• In 1956 he entered the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. He was a student at the Department of Radiochemistry, engaged in the synthesis of radioprotectors. Thesis performed on the topic “Reactions of 2,3-dibromopropanol with thiourea-35S.” He studied at the graduate school of the Department of Radiochemistry and in 1965 defended his thesis on the topic “The interaction of thiourea with some halogen derivatives of the propane series.”
• After finishing his graduate studies, he received the position of senior laboratory assistant at the Institute of Chemistry of Natural Compounds of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where he worked until 1988. From 1988 to the present Director of the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
• IN present moment Academician E. D. Sverdlov heads the laboratory of the structure and function of human genes at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after. M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov RAS.
• In 2001, E. D. Sverdlov was awarded the title of full member of the German Academy of Sciences “Leopoldina”, in 2002 - member of the European Academy of Sciences.

Evgeny Davidovich Sverdlov(b. November 16, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) - Soviet and Russian biochemist, professor, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (December 26), academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (), full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (May 29), Doctor of Chemical Sciences.

Biography

• Father - David Immanuilovich Sverdlov - employee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b)U; mother - Yudith Markovna- school teacher.
• In 1955 he graduated from high school with a silver medal in the Stavropol Territory, where he was evacuated with his mother during the war. In the summer of 1955, he entered the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, but did not pass the competition. For a year he worked as a mechanic at Mospodzemstroy. At the beginning of his working career, he received the third and then the fourth category, becoming a fairly qualified pipeline fitter, but even then he did not give up the idea of ​​​​entering Moscow University.

• In 1956 he entered the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. He was a student at the Department of Radiochemistry, studying the synthesis of radioprotectors (substances that protect against radiation). He completed his thesis on the topic "Reactions of 2,3-dibromopropanol with thiourea-35S"(head - V. M. Fedoseev). He studied at the graduate school of the Department of Radiochemistry and in 1965 defended his thesis on the topic “Interaction of thiourea with some halogen derivatives of the propane series”(scientific supervisors: Doctor of Chemical Sciences A. B. Silaev and Candidate of Chemical Sciences V. M. Fedoseev).
• After finishing his graduate studies (), he received the position of senior laboratory assistant at the Institute of Chemistry of Natural Compounds of the USSR Academy of Sciences (current Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov RAS), where he worked at the same time until 1988. From 1988 to the present - Director of the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1991 - RAS).
• Currently, Academician E. D. Sverdlov heads the laboratory of the structure and function of human genes at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry named after. M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov RAS.
• In 2001, E. D. Sverdlov was awarded the title of full member of the German Academy of Sciences “Leopoldina”, in 2002 - member of the European Academy of Sciences.

Direction of scientific activity

• Main research is in the field of nucleic acid chemistry.
• In 1972, he proposed principles for studying the primary structure of DNA. Established (together with Yu. A. Ovchinnikov) the structures of genes encoding bacterial RNA polymerases (1981-1986). Established (1986, together with Yu. A. Ovchinnikov) the structures of genes encoding Na, K-ATPases of animals, including humans. Discovered (1987) the multiplicity of ATPase genes and the tissue specificity of their expression.
• Since 1977 he has been involved in genetic engineering developments. He cloned the genes encoding human interferon and obtained strains that produce it, on the basis of which the industrial production of injectable interferon was created. Carries out work on the creation of genetically engineered antiviral vaccines. Investigates the influence of retroviruses on primate speciation (comparing the genomes of great apes).

Proceedings

• Kochetkov N.K., Budovsky E.I., Sverdlov E.D. et al. Organic chemistry nucleic acids. M., 1970 (Translated into English: “Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids”, 1971);
• Sverdlov E.D. Perpetually mobile footprints of ancient infections in the human genome // FEBS Lett., 1998 May 22; 428(1-2): 1-6. Review;
• Lapuk A.V., Khil P.P., Lavrentieva I.V., Lebedev Y.B., Sverdlov E.D. A human endogenous retrovirus-like (HERV) LTR formed more than 10 million years ago due to an insertion of HERV-H LTR into the 5" LTR of HERV-K is situated on human chromosomes 10, 19 and Y // J Gen Virol . 1999 Apr;80(Pt 4):835-9;
• Sverdlov E.D. Retroviruses and primate evolution // Bioessays, 2000, Feb;22(2):161-71.Review;
• Vinogradova T.V., Sverdlov E.D. e.a. Solitary human endogenous retroviruses-K LTRs retain transcriptional activity in vivo, the mode of which is different in different cells // Virology. 2001 Nov 10;290(1):83-90.