If there is, then so, but then there is a comma. Before dangerous conjunctions, or the mysterious comma

Handbook of the Russian language. Punctuation Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

§ 36. Comma at the junction of two conjunctions

1. With sequential subordination, one subordinate part of a complex sentence may appear inside another and a “meeting” of two subordinating conjunctions or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word will occur: I think,that when the prisoners see the stairs, many will want to escape(M.G.) - a comma separates subordinating conjunctions What And When; The maid was an orphan,who, in order to feed herself, had to enter service(L.T.) - a comma separates the conjunction word which and subordinating conjunction to. The basis for such punctuation is the fact that the second subordinate clause can be removed from the text or rearranged to another place - at the end of a complex sentence.

However, such a simple operation cannot always be performed. Let's compare two sentences with almost identical lexical composition, but with a small addition in the second of them: He said,that, if he is free, he will come to me in the evening.- He said,that if he is free, he will come to me in the evening(added second part of double union if...then). Punctuation is different: in the first sentence (there is a comma between adjacent subordinating conjunctions), the second subordinate clause can be removed or rearranged without violating the structure of the sentence; in the second sentence this cannot be done, since with the removal or rearrangement of the second subordinate clause the words will appear next to each other something... something, eh such a juxtaposition violates the stylistic norms of the literary language. Wed. Also: Mechik feltthat if he has to shoot back again, he will no longer be any different from Pika(F.). - I already thought that if at this decisive moment I do not argue with the old man, then later it will be difficult for me to free myself from his guardianship (P.).

Thus, when two subordinating conjunctions (or a subordinating conjunction and a conjunctive word) “meet” comma placed between them if the removal of the second subordinate part does not require the restructuring of the main part (practically - if the second part of the double conjunction does not follow then, so or But, the presence of which requires such a restructuring), and is not placed if the indicated second part of the double conjunction follows.

Wed: (comma is placed) It seemed that the road led to heaven,because as far as my eyes could see, she kept rising(L.); ...He always felt the injustice of his excess in comparison with the poverty of the people and now decided to himself, that, in order to feel completely right, he... will now work even more and allow himself even less luxury (L.T.); …It turned out,that, although the doctor spoke very smoothly and for a long time, it was impossible to convey what he said(L.T.); The bear loved Nikita so much,that when he went somewhere, the animal sniffed the air anxiously(M.G.); I've been reading so muchthat when I heard the bell ringing on the front porch, I didn’t immediately understand who was ringing and why(M.G.); Thus, the enemy creates for himself a situation in whichwhich, if we are decisive and courageous without hesitation, he himself will expose his main forces to us for defeat(A.T.); This silent conversation of glances excited Lisa so much,that when she sat down at a table in the large hall, her eyes, without answering anyone, also spoke of embarrassment(Fed.); Finally he felt that he can no longer do that, that no force will move him from his place, and that if he now sits down, he will never get up again (Pol.);

(no comma) Sobakevich... reached him in a little over a quarter of an hour[sturgeon] in total, so when the police chief remembered about him... he saw that only one tail remained from the work of nature (G.); Anton Prokofievich, by the way, had some trousers of such a strange quality,that when he put them on, the dogs always bit him on the calves(T.); The garden was followed by peasant huts, which, although they were lined up scattered and not enclosed in regular streets, showed the contentment of the inhabitants (T.); Hadji Murat sat down and said,that if only they send to the Lezgin line and give an army, then he guarantees that he will raise all of Dagestan(L.T.); The ferry moved so slowly that if it were not for the gradual outline of its contours, one would think that it was standing in one place or going to the other shore (Ch.); The blind man knewthat the sun is looking into the room and that if he stretches his hand out the window, dew will fall from the bushes(Cor.); Who doesn't knowthat when a patient wanted to smoke, it means the same thing that he wanted to live(Priv.); This is why local residents are convinced that if it were possible to blow up the gorges on the padun and lower the level of the lake, then the shores would dry out and good grass would grow (Prishv.); But, probably, something has already happened in the world or was happening at that time - fatal and irreparable -because although it was still the same hot seaside summer, the dacha no longer seemed to me like a Roman villa(Cat.).

2. There is no comma between comparative and subordinating conjunctions: Not so much because her mother told her, but because it was Konstantin's brother,for Kitty these faces suddenly seemed extremely unpleasant(L.T.); Please report your observationsnot only when testing the machine begins, but also during the entire experiment;The article deserves attentionboth because the issues raised in it are relevant and because they have been studied seriously and deeply.

3. When a coordinating conjunction and a subordinating (or allied word) “meet” comma between them is placed or not placed depending on the conditions specified above (clause 1). Wed:

(a comma is placed) Gregory, burned by sudden and joyful determination, barely restrained his horse and,when the last hundred, almost trampling Stepan, rushed past,jumped up to him(Sh.) - when removing a subordinate clause with a conjunction When prepositional-nominal combination to him becomes unclear, but structurally such an exception is possible, therefore a comma is usually placed between the coordinating and subordinating conjunctions in such cases; I didn’t go to Mumu’s manor house and,when Gerasim carried firewood into the rooms,always stayed back and waited impatiently for him at the porch(T.); Levin said goodbye to them, butso as not to be alone,clinging to his brother(L.T.);

(no comma) The woman's feet were burned and barefoot, andwhen she saidthen with her hand she scooped up warm dust to her sore feet, as if trying to soothe the pain(Sim.) - when removing or rearranging a subordinate clause with a conjunction When there will be words nearby and...that; On a cold night... the boy knocked on unfamiliar houses, asking where Oznobishin lived, andif dead silence did not answer him,then there was a scolding shout or a suspicious question(Fed.); Nikolai Nikolaevich tries to walk next to him,but since he gets confused between the trees and stumbles,then he often has to catch up with his companion by skipping(Cupr.); He looked around sadly, and he felt unbearably sorry for the sky, and the earth, and the forest, andwhen the highest note of the pipe swept through the air and trembled like the voice of a crying man,he felt extremely bitter and offended by the disorder that had replaced nature(Ch.) - after the adversative conjunction A a comma in these cases, as a rule, is not placed, even if the second part of the double conjunction does not follow That, since neither the removal nor the rearrangement of the subordinate part is possible without the restructuring of the main part; The sounds gradually died away, andThe farther we went from home, the more desolate and dead everything around us became.(M.G.) - union And attaches a whole complex sentence; He left a long time ago, andwhere is he now, no one knows- union And attaches a whole complex sentence.

4. When “meeting” a connecting conjunction And and a subordinating conjunction, the following cases are possible:

1) comma is placed only before the conjunction And(regardless of whether it connects homogeneous members of a sentence, independent clauses or subordinate subordinate clauses), if the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of a double conjunction the way or But(in this case the union And attaches a whole complex sentence): He wore dark glasses, a sweatshirt, earspawnedcotton wool, and when he got into the cab, thenorderedraise the top(Ch.) - union And connects homogeneous members of a sentence; Occasionally a small snowflake stuck to the outside of the glass,and if you look closely, thenone could see its finest crystalline structure(Paust.) - union And connects simple sentences; The doctor saidthat the patient needs rest,and if we don't want to disturb him, thenmust leave the room- union And connects subordinate subordinate clauses; Please find outwhether the reviewer read the manuscript,and if you read it, thenwhat is his opinion of her- union And connects subordinate parts;

2) comma is placed only after the conjunction And, if it connects two homogeneous members of a sentence or two subordinate clauses and the second part of the double conjunction does not follow: He thought to surprise her with his generosity, but she even raised an eyebrowdidn't lead andwhen he turned away from her, she scrunched her clenched lips contemptuously(T.); Apparently, in his own wordsgaveit is of no small importance and, to add to its price,triedpronounce them in a stretched manner(Ch.); It turned outthat the manuscript has not yet been completely edited and,until further work is done on it,You cannot put it in as a set;

3) comma is also placed before the union And, and after it, if it connects two simple sentences (and the subordinate part is not followed by the second part of the double conjunction): Gulyaev was a strong man, andwhen he returned to the Urals,the brilliant fame of a millionaire followed him(M.-S.); For some reason they said about him that he was a wonderful artist, and,when his mother died,his grandmother sent him to Moscow, to the Komissarovsky School(Ch.); This newborn master especially irritated Samghin, andif Klim Ivanovich were capable of hating,he would hate it(M.G.); ...My head became lighter, clearer, everything somehow thickened, and,while this condensation was happening in my head,the street has also become quieter(M.G.); She looked at the calmly beautiful Elizaveta Mikhailovna with large, tender eyes, and,when she caressed her with a soft and gentle hand,her heart sank sweetly(S.-Sch.); Lisa walked into the deserted square, andwhen her legs began to fall heavily from the round bald spots of the cobblestones,she remembered how she was returning to this square on a sunny day after her first meeting with Tsvetukhin(Fed.); The frisky wind from the sea inflated the sails, andwhen the sun rose and the city walls remained behind the stern of the last plow,a loud song spread over the expanse of the Volga(Zl.); And the woman kept talking and talking about her misfortunes, and,although her words were familiar,Saburov’s heart suddenly ached from them(Sim.); At turns, the sled was thrown towards the banks, and,so that it does not break on sharp stones sticking out from under the snow,Alitet pushed off with his feet(Sem.).

5. The placement of a comma between the connecting conjunction (at the beginning of the sentence, after the period) and the subordinating conjunction that follows depends on the meaning of the conjunction:

1) usually after the union And no comma is used: And whenLevinson, having completed all the everyday tasks, finally gave the order to march,- there was such jubilation in the detachment, as if with this order all sorts of ordeals actually ended(F.); And althoughthe weather has improved significantly, the danger of drought has not passed; ANDinstead ofturn right, go straight by mistake;

2) after the joining union A The comma is also omitted: And whenthe sun rose, a view of a snowy peak opened before us;What ifbelieve weather forecasters, warming should come tomorrow;

3) after the union Butcomma is not put when there is no pause between conjunctions and is put if there is a pause; compare: But whenHe, leaning on a stick, walked out of the headquarters bus onto the square... and, without waiting for someone to hug him, he began to hug and kiss everyone who fell into his arms, something pinched in the wound(Paul.); But ifeven the enemy managed to repel the attackers, the infantry again rushed to the attack(Sim.);

4) after the union howevercomma usually put: However, ifcircumstances will require it, I will not stand on the sidelines.

Note. For various cases of using the connecting conjunction at the very beginning of the sentence, the following rules are established:

1) comma is placed after conjunctions And And But and is not placed after the conjunction A, if what follows is a separate phrase (most often a construction with a gerund): And, lingering at the exit,he turned around;But, not wanting to go back to what was said,the speaker missed this part of his message; Ahearing these words,he exclaimed...(see § 20);

2) a comma, as a rule, is not placed after an connecting conjunction if an introductory word or introductory sentence follows: And probablyyou won't wait for him;But maybethe issue has not yet been considered;However,and this optionacceptable; And imaginerandom answer turned out to be correct(see § 25, paragraph 6);

3) comma is placed before the subordinate clause depending on the meaning of the connecting conjunction and the presence or absence of a pause during reading (see § 36, paragraph 5).

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From the book Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

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From the author's book

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If the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without disturbing its structure (usually this happens with conjunctions “and” and “but”), then the conjunction is not included in the introductory construction - a comma needed.

For example: “Firstly, it became dark, and, secondly, everyone was tired.”

If the introductory word cannot be removed or rearranged, then a comma after the conjunction (usually with the conjunction “a”) not placed.

For example: “She simply forgot about this fact, or maybe she never remembered it,” “..., and therefore, …”, “..., and maybe …”, “..., and therefore, …”.

If the introductory word can be removed or rearranged, then a comma needed after the conjunction “a”, since it is not associated with the introductory word.

For example: “She not only didn’t love him, but maybe even despised him.”

If at the beginning of the sentence there is a coordinating conjunction (in the connecting meaning) (“and”, “yes” in the meaning of “and”, “too”, “also”, “and that”, “and that”, “yes and”, “ and also”, etc.), and then an introductory word, then a comma before it not needed.

For example: “And really, you shouldn’t have done that”; “And perhaps it was necessary to do something differently”; “And finally, the action of the play is ordered and divided into acts”; “Besides, other circumstances have come to light”; “But of course, everything ended well.”

Happens rarely: if at the beginning of a sentence worth the connecting union, A the introductory construction stands out intonationally, then commas are NEEDED.

For example: “But, to my great chagrin, Shvabrin decisively announced...”; “And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing.”

Always written WITHOUT commas:

first of all

at first glance

for sure

similarly

more or less

literally

in addition

in the (eventual) end

ultimately

as a last resort

at best

Anyway

at the same time

in general

mostly

especially

in some cases

through thick and thin

subsequently

otherwise

as a result

due to this

in that case

at the same time

in this regard

mainly

often

exclusively

at most

meanwhile

just in case

as a last resort

if possible

whenever possible

still

practically

approximately

with all that

with (all) desire

on occasion

equally

at most

at the very least

actually

in addition

to top it off

on offer

by decree

by decision

according to tradition

A comma is NOT placed at the beginning of a sentence:

“Before... I found myself...”

"Since…"

"Before..."

“Even though...”

"As…"

"In order to..."

"Instead of..."

“Actually...”

"While…"

“Especially since...”

"Nevertheless…"

“Despite the fact that...” (at the same time - separately); There is NO comma before “what”.

"In case..."

"After…"

“And...”

« Finally" in the meaning of "finally" - is not separated by commas.

« And this despite the fact that..."- a comma is always placed in the middle of a sentence!

« Based on this,..."- a comma is placed at the beginning of the sentence.

BUT: “He did this based on...” - no comma is used.

« After all, if... then..." - a comma is not placed before "if", since the second part of the double conjunction - "then" - comes next. If there is no “then”, then a comma is placed before “if”!

« Less than two years..." - a comma is not placed before “what”, because this is not a comparison.

Comma before "How" is put only in case of comparison.

« Politicians like Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov...” - a comma is added because there is a noun "policy".

BUT: "… policies such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov…” - there is no comma before “how”.

Commas are not used:

“God forbid”, “God forbid”, “for God’s sake”- not separated by commas, + the word “god” is written with a small letter.

BUT: commas are placed in both directions:

"God bless" in the middle of the sentence it is highlighted with commas on both sides (the word “God” in this case is written with a capital letter) + at the beginning of the sentence - it is highlighted with a comma (on the right side).

"By God"- in these cases, commas are placed on both sides (the word “god” in this case is written with a small letter).

"My God"- separated by commas on both sides; in the middle of the sentence, “God” - with a small letter.

Dear employees of gramota.ru, this is the third time I’ve asked a question and I can’t find the answer on the page. I always thought the house number was a clarification, but my colleagues argue with me. Resolve the editorial dispute! Is it necessary comma AFTER but measure of the house if the offer continues. For example: The meeting at Lenin, 25, is postponed to Friday.

The question is controversial. Address details can be considered both as elements of enumeration (acting as homogeneous members of a sentence) and as clarifying members of a sentence. Both solutions are possible.


	Question No. 295382

Hello, please tell me if it is necessary in the following sentence comma after but before if. And why it is needed/not needed. A person can be a genius or have all the necessary skills, but if he doesn't believe in himself, he won't give it his all. Thank you.