How do you understand what it means to describe an object? How do you understand what it means to describe an object? To describe an object means to talk about the characteristics of this object. What speech styles do you know? What speech styles do you know? Business, artistic, scientific, conversational. In what style can you describe the subject? In what style can you describe the subject? The description can be scientific, business, colloquial, artistic, and for each style special language means are used.

The description is extremely complete. Signs are expressed by adjectives and nouns with a direct, often abstract meaning. The most striking features of the object are highlighted. More diverse language means are used. (adjectives, nouns, verbs, adverbs) There are comparisons and words with a figurative meaning.

Knife 1. Penknife, has two blades and a corkscrew; the knife is all scratched; there is a dent on one side of the base and there are six rivets on each side; has the shape of a man's shoe; 2 cm wide, 7.5 cm long. 2. I have an old pocket knife. Even though the knife is old, I still like it. The most interesting thing about this knife is that it is shaped like a man's shoe. There are six copper rivets on each side of this "shoe". Previously, when the knife was new, all the rivets shone. Now only three of them shine; these three rivets serve as lacing on a shoe. The knife has two blades: large and small. The small blade is dull, and the large blade is sharp, good for repairing pencils. There is a dent on one side of the knife. One day I was driving a nail, and there was a knife lying next to it, and I accidentally hit the knife with a hammer. Since then, this dent on the knife has remained. And even if the knife is old, even if it is covered in scratches, it is still very dear to me.

Description in scientific style Ribbon Silk ribbon, size 5.5X70 cm, dark brown. Hemmed with black thread, stitches are visible. It was burned in several places. Several threads have been pulled out along the length. Description in artistic style Ribbon I have a ribbon in my hands. Regular dark brown ribbon. Old girlfriend! I haven't braided it in a long time, and it just sits in the box along with all the ribbons. Old. "Retired." But how much she endured! I ironed it with too hot an iron, so I burned it here and there, somewhere I caught a nail and pulled out several threads from the ribbon. The ribbon is hemmed carelessly, the stitches are visible on the front side, because I was just learning to sew then. Now I don’t need it, because braids are now fastened differently. And such a silk ribbon can now sometimes be seen only on first-graders. But I still remember my old girlfriend's feed.

Description in a scientific style Compasses Marking compasses are used to transfer dimensions from a measuring ruler to a drawing and back. It consists of two legs with very sharp needles at the ends. These legs are fastened together with two screws. The needles are attached to the legs using screws that can be used to adjust the size of the needles. The compass has a ribbed handle on top for easy measurement. The legs of the compass extend to a distance of 21 cm. Description in artistic style Compass My new compass is made of steel. His two shiny legs are like the legs of a giant, with which he, like a giant, can measure distances from one point to another. My friend helps me measure the distance with millimeter accuracy. Although it has served me for a relatively short time, I am pleased with it.

Assignment: Read the student’s essay expressively. Is it appropriate to use the past tense in this description? Eliminate unnecessary repetition of the verb to be in the past tense. Children's abacus When I went to first grade, they bought me a children's abacus. I still have them. The abacus was small, only fifteen centimeters long. But they were very comfortable. They could be put in a briefcase. But that’s not the only reason I liked abacus. Their frame was painted a nice soft pink color. Thin threads of wires were slightly curved, and white and red bones rolled along them, like small trams. There were only four dominoes on one twig, and they did not knock as loudly as the others.

Children's abacus When I went to first grade, they bought me a children's abacus. I still have them. The abacus is small, only fifteen centimeters long. But they are very comfortable. You can put them in your briefcase. But that’s not the only reason I like abacus. Their frame is painted in a pleasant soft pink color. Thin threads of wires were slightly curved, and white and red bones rolled along them, like small trams. There are only four dominoes on one twig, and they do not knock as loudly as the others.

EXCERPT FROM K. PAUSTOVSKY’S ESSAY “THE CROWD ON THE EMBANKMENT” - When you go ashore in Naples, my daughter told me, then give this nesting doll to the first Italian girl. I agreed. Before I left, a nesting doll in a lush scarlet shawl stood on the desk. It was thickly varnished and shone like glass. Hidden in it were five more nesting dolls in multi-colored shawls: green, yellow, blue, purple and, finally, the smallest nesting doll, the size of a thimble, in a shawl made of gold leaf. The village master awarded the nesting dolls with purely Russian beauty with sable eyebrows and a blush glowing like coals. He covered their blue eyes with such long eyelashes that one stroke could have shattered men's hearts.

When you go ashore in Naples, my daughter told me, then give this nesting doll to the first Italian girl. I agreed. Before I left, a nesting doll in a lush scarlet shawl stood on the desk. It was thickly varnished and shone like glass. Hidden in it were five more nesting dolls in multi-colored shawls: green, yellow, blue, purple and, finally, the smallest nesting doll, the size of a thimble, in a shawl made of gold leaf. The village master awarded the nesting dolls with purely Russian beauty with sable eyebrows and a blush glowing like coals. He covered their blue eyes with such long eyelashes that one stroke could have shattered men's hearts. Description essay Topic: Topic: Favorite toy Purpose of the statement: Purpose of the statement: to convince the reader that this is the most favorite toy. Style: Style: artistic. Tips Pay special attention to the beginning and ending of the text, keeping in mind that they depend on the purpose of the statement and the style of the text. There should be genuine feeling in your descriptions. You can talk to your toy, remember how and where it was purchased, and describe its history.

The artistic style of speech is the language of literature and art. It is used to convey emotions and feelings, artistic images and phenomena.

Examples of artistic style: ,.

Artistic style is a way for writers to express themselves, so it is typically used in writing. Orally (for example, in plays) texts written in advance are read. Historically, artistic style functions in three types of literature - lyrics (poems, poems), drama (plays) and epic (stories, novels, novels).

An article about all speech styles -.

The features of the artistic style are:

1. The coincidence of the author and the narrator, a bright and free expression of the author’s “I”.
2. Linguistic means are a way of conveying the artistic image, emotional state and mood of the narrator.
3. The use of stylistic figures - metaphors, comparisons, metonymies, etc., emotional and expressive vocabulary, phraseological units.
4. Multi-style. The use of linguistic means of other styles (colloquial, journalistic) is subordinated to the implementation of the creative concept. These combinations gradually create what is called the author's style.
5. The use of verbal ambiguity - words are selected in such a way that with their help not only “to draw” images, but also to put hidden meaning into them.
6. The information transfer function is often hidden. The purpose of artistic style is to convey the author’s emotions, to create a mood and emotional state in the reader.

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Artistic style: case study

Let's look at the example of the features of the style being analyzed.

Excerpt from the article:

The war disfigured Borovoe. Interspersed with the surviving huts stood charred stoves, like monuments to the people's grief. Gate posts were sticking out. The barn gaped with a huge hole - half of it was broken off and carried away.

There were gardens, but now stumps are like rotten teeth. Only here and there were two or three teenage apple trees nestled.

The village became deserted.

When the one-armed Fedor returned home, his mother was alive. She grew old, grew thin, and had more gray hair. She sat me down at the table, but there was nothing to treat her with. Fyodor had his own, a soldier's. At the table, the mother said: everyone was robbed, damned skinners! We hid pigs and chickens wherever we wanted. Can you really save it? He makes noise and threatens, give him the chicken, even if it’s the last one. Out of fright, they gave away the last one. So I have nothing left. Oh, that was bad! The village was ruined by the damned fascist! You can see for yourself what’s left... more than half of the yards were burned down. The people fled where: some to the rear, some to join the partisans. How many girls were stolen! So our Frosya was taken away...

For a day or two, Fyodor looked around. Our people from Borovsk began to return. They hung a piece of plywood on an empty hut, and on it there were lopsided letters with soot on oil - there was no paint - “The board of the collective farm “Red Dawn” - and off and on! Dashing trouble is the beginning.

The style of this text, as we have already said, is artistic.

His features in this passage:

1. Borrowing and applying vocabulary and phraseology of other styles ( as monuments of people's grief, fascists, partisans, collective farm rule, the beginning of a daring misfortune).
2. The use of visual and expressive means ( hijacked, damned skinners, really), the semantic ambiguity of words is actively used ( the war disfigured Borovoe, the barn gaped with a huge hole).
3. They've robbed everyone, you damn skinners! We hid pigs and chickens wherever we wanted. Can you really save it? He makes noise and threatens, give him the chicken, even if it’s the last one. Oh, that was bad!).
4. There were gardens, but now stumps are like rotten teeth; She sat me down at the table, but there was nothing to treat her with; on oil - there was no paint).
5. The syntactic structures of a literary text reflect, first of all, the flow of the author’s impressions, figurative and emotional ( Interspersed with the surviving huts stood charred stoves, like monuments to the people's grief. The barn gaped with a huge hole - half of it was broken off and carried away; There were gardens, but now stumps are like rotten teeth).
6. The characteristic use of numerous and varied stylistic figures and tropes of the Russian language ( stumps are like rotten teeth; charred stoves stood like monuments to the people's grief; two or three teenage apple trees nestled).
7. The use, first of all, of vocabulary that forms the basis and creates the imagery of the style being analyzed: for example, figurative techniques and means of the Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context, and words of a wide sphere of use ( grew old, emaciated, burned, in letters, girls).

Thus, the artistic style does not so much tell as it shows - it helps to feel the situation, to visit the places that the narrator is talking about. Of course, there is also a certain “imposition” of the author’s experiences, but it also creates a mood and conveys sensations.

The artistic style is one of the most “borrowing” and flexible: writers, firstly, actively use language of other styles, and secondly, they successfully combine artistic imagery, for example, with explanations of scientific facts, concepts or phenomena.

Scientific and artistic style: case study

Let's look at an example of the interaction of two styles - artistic and scientific.

Excerpt from the article:

The youth of our country loves forests and parks. And this love is fruitful, active. It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests. One day, at a meeting, even splinters of wood appeared on the presidium table. Some villain cut down an apple tree growing alone on the river bank. Like a beacon, she stood on the steep mountain. They got used to her, like the appearance of their home, they loved her. And now she was gone. On this day, the conservation group was born. They called it "Green Patrol". There was no mercy for the poachers, and they began to retreat.

N. Korotaev

Features of the scientific style:

1. Terminology ( presidium, laying forest belts, Krutoyar, poachers).
2. The presence in a series of nouns of words denoting the concept of a sign or state ( bookmark, security).
3. Quantitative predominance of nouns and adjectives in the text over verbs ( This love is fruitful, active; in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests).
4. Use of verbal phrases and words ( bookmark, protection, mercy, meeting).
5. Verbs in the present tense, which have a “timeless”, indicative meaning in the text, with weakened lexical and grammatical meanings of time, person, number ( loves, expresses);
6. A large volume of sentences, their impersonal nature in combination with passive constructions ( It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests).

Features of the artistic style:

1. Wide use of vocabulary and phraseology of other styles ( presidium, laying forest belts, Krutoyar).
2. The use of various visual and expressive means ( this love is fruitful, in vigilant guard, evil), active use of the verbal polysemy of the word (the appearance of a house, “Green Patrol”).
3. Emotionality and expressiveness of the image ( They got used to her, like the appearance of their home, they loved her. And now she was gone. On this day the group was born).
4. Manifestation of the author's creative individuality - author's style ( It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests. Here: a combination of features of several styles).
5. Paying special attention to particular and seemingly random circumstances and situations, behind which one can see the typical and general ( Some villain cut down an apple tree... And now it was gone. On this day the conservation group was born).
6. The syntactic structure and corresponding structures in this passage reflect the flow of the author’s figurative and emotional perception ( Like a beacon, she stood on the steep mountain. And then she was gone).
7. The characteristic use of numerous and varied stylistic figures and tropes of the Russian literary language ( this fruitful, active love, like a beacon, it stood, there was no mercy, growing alone).
8. The use, first of all, of vocabulary that forms the basis and creates the imagery of the style being analyzed: for example, figurative techniques and means of the Russian language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context, and words of the widest distribution ( youth, evil, fruitful, active, appearance).

In terms of the variety of linguistic means, literary techniques and methods, the artistic style is perhaps the richest. And, unlike other styles, it has a minimum of restrictions - with proper depiction of images and an emotional mood, you can even write a literary text in scientific terms. But, of course, you shouldn’t abuse this.

Texts are written for readers, so they must be accessible and understandable. And the explicit use of vocabulary from other styles is possible only for authenticity, to create colorful images of characters or atmosphere.

So, during a conversation between two bankers, economic terminology is only a plus, but “” cliches and cliches when describing beautiful nature will definitely be superfluous.

Thus, when working with an artistic style, with all its flexibility, one is very careful about the vocabulary. Especially if you write or are planning to write works of fiction. For it is the artistic style that is considered a reflection of the Russian literary language.

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The book sphere of communication is expressed through an artistic style - a multi-tasking literary style that has developed historically and stands out from other styles through means of expressiveness.

Artistic style serves literary works and aesthetic human activity. The main goal is to influence the reader with the help of sensory images. Tasks by which the goal of the artistic style is achieved:

• Creating a living picture that describes the work.
• Transferring the emotional and sensory state of the characters to the reader.

Features of artistic style

Artistic style has a purpose of emotional impact on a person, but it is not the only one. The general picture of the application of this style is described through its functions:

• Figurative-cognitive. Presenting information about the world and society through the emotional component of the text.
• Ideological and aesthetic. Maintaining the system of images through which the writer conveys the idea of ​​the work to the reader awaits a response to the plot's concept.
• Communicative. Expressing the vision of an object through sensory perception. Information from the artistic world is connected with reality.

Signs and characteristic linguistic features of artistic style

To easily identify this style of literature, let’s pay attention to its features:

• Original syllable. Due to the special presentation of the text, the word becomes interesting without contextual meaning, breaking the canonical patterns of text construction.
• High level of text organization. Dividing prose into chapters and parts; in a play - division into scenes, acts, phenomena. In poems, metric is the size of the verse; stanza - the study of the combination of poems, rhyme.
• High level of polysemy. The presence of several interrelated meanings for one word.
• Dialogues. The artistic style is dominated by the speech of characters as a way of describing phenomena and events in the work.

The literary text contains all the richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language. The presentation of the emotionality and imagery inherent in this style is carried out using special means called tropes - linguistic means of expressive speech, words in a figurative meaning. Examples of some tropes:

• Comparison is part of the work, with the help of which the character’s image is complemented.
• Metaphor is the meaning of a word in a figurative sense, based on an analogy with another object or phenomenon.
• An epithet is a definition that makes a word expressive.
• Metonymy is a combination of words in which one object is replaced by another on the basis of spatio-temporal similarity.
• Hyperbole is a stylistic exaggeration of a phenomenon.
• Litota is a stylistic understatement of a phenomenon.

Where is the fiction style used?

The artistic style has incorporated numerous aspects and structures of the Russian language: tropes, polysemy of words, complex grammatical and syntactic structure. Therefore, its general scope of application is enormous. It also includes the main genres of works of art.

The genres of artistic style used are related to one of the genres that express reality in a special way:

• Epic. Shows external unrest, the author’s thoughts (description of storylines).
• Lyrics. Reflects the author’s inner emotions (the experiences of the characters, their feelings and thoughts).
• Drama. The presence of the author in the text is minimal, there is a large number of dialogues between the characters. Such works are often made into theatrical productions. Example - Three sisters A.P. Chekhov.

These genres have subtypes, which can be divided into even more specific varieties. Basic:

Epic genres:

• Epic is a genre of work in which historical events predominate.
• A novel is a large manuscript with a complex plot line. All attention is paid to the life and fate of the characters.
• A short story is a work of smaller volume that describes the life story of a hero.
• A story is a medium-sized manuscript that has the plot features of a novel and a short story.

Lyric genres:

• Ode is a solemn song.
• An epigram is a satirical poem. Example: A. S. Pushkin “Epigram on M. S. Vorontsov.”
• Elegy is a lyrical poem.
• A sonnet is a poetic form of 14 lines, the rhyme of which has a strict construction system. Examples of this genre are common in Shakespeare.

Genres of dramatic works:

• Comedy - the genre is based on a plot that makes fun of social vices.
• Tragedy is a work that describes the tragic fate of heroes, the struggle of characters and relationships.
• Drama – has a dialogue structure with a serious storyline showing the characters and their dramatic relationships with each other or with society.

How to define a literary text?

It is easier to understand and consider the features of this style when the reader is provided with a literary text with a clear example. Let's practice determining what style of text is in front of us using an example:

“Marat’s father Stepan Porfiryevich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from a family of Astrakhan binders. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Mikhelson plant in Moscow, machine gun courses in Petrograd ... "

Main aspects confirming the artistic style of speech:

• This text is based on conveying events from an emotional point of view, so there is no doubt that this is a literary text.
• The means used in the example: “a revolutionary whirlwind blew out, dragged” is nothing more than a trope, or rather, a metaphor. The use of this trope is inherent only in literary texts.
• An example of a description of a person’s fate, environment, social events. Conclusion: this literary text belongs to the epic.

Any text can be analyzed in detail using this principle. If the functions or distinctive features described above immediately catch your eye, then there is no doubt that this is a literary text.

If you find it difficult to deal with a large amount of information on your own; the basic means and features of a literary text are not clear to you; sample assignments seem difficult - use a resource such as a presentation. A ready-made presentation with illustrative examples will clearly fill gaps in knowledge. The area of ​​the school subject “Russian language and literature” is served by electronic sources of information on functional speech styles. Please note that the presentation is succinct and informative and contains explanatory means.

Thus, once you understand the definition of artistic style, you will better understand the structure of works. And if a muse visits you and you want to write a work of art yourself, follow the lexical components of the text and the emotional presentation. Good luck with your studies!

Essay on the topic: “Description of a pen” 3.33 /5 (66.67%) 9 votes

In our everyday use there are many objects whose existence we hardly think about. For example, schoolchildren use pens almost every day. Everyone knows for what purpose they are used. We use pens to write. With the help of these simple objects, we all once learned to write, and this skill became extremely important for all of us. It is always interesting to consider and describe something that is undeservedly deprived of due attention. This can be said with confidence about the pen. It is for this reason that I will devote this essay to a description of this interesting subject.

Over the years I have owned many pens. Some became my favorite and permanent ones. They write very conveniently and pleasantly. Thanks to this, no matter how long the outline is, writing it becomes less tedious and even enjoyable. And the final result is really nice to look at, it looks so good. And an important reason for this is the handle that was used. On the contrary, if there are any problems with the pen, for example, it does not write well or is uncomfortable to hold in your hand, using it can only cause disappointment and great irritation. And you’ll want to quickly hide such a pen back in your pencil case.

Fortunately, at the moment the pen I own suits me absolutely and in every way. My favorite pen at the moment is the clear gel blue pen. At first glance, it cannot be called anything special or outstanding. However, this pen does its job just fine. It is very convenient to write with, and the ink dries very quickly, which eliminates the possibility of getting dirty with it. In addition, the notes, which were written with my favorite pen, are simply very pleasant to look at. Repeating and studying what has been written becomes not work, but simply pleasure, if all this was written with my favorite pen. My pen feels very comfortable in my hand, and even if I need to write a lot, I hardly get tired when using this pen.

At the moment I am completely happy with the pen I have. I would like to believe that when it runs out of ink, I will be able to find a worthy replacement. Despite the fact that my pen is very simple and unremarkable at first glance, it performs its function perfectly. And I'm glad that I made such a right choice when I purchased it.