Today every schoolchild knows that cheese, cream and other products important for human life are made from pasteurized milk and cannot be eaten for long. But few people know that we owe such a discovery to the brilliant French scientist Louis Pasteur, whose biography will be discussed in this article.

The pasteurization process was invented by the French microbiologist and chemist Louis Pasteur many years ago; he was already a respected scientist during his lifetime. He discovered that microbes are responsible for the souring of alcohol, and during pasteurization the bacteria are destroyed by heating. His work led him and his team to create vaccines against anthrax and rabies. He is known for many achievements and discoveries, for example, modern medicine owes him fundamental developments in the field of maintaining and developing immunity. Over the course of many years of experiments, he managed to develop vaccines against various animal diseases, and his vaccinations against rabies saved the lives of many people even then.

Biography of Louis Pasteur: childhood

Louis Pasteur, the third of five children, was born on December 27, 1822 in French city Dole, where he lived with his parents and brothers and sisters for three years. After his family moved, he grew up and studied in the city of Arbois. In the early school years Louis Pasteur, whose interesting biography we are considering, showed at first an unexpressed talent in the field of scientific subjects, but rather an artistic one, because he spent a lot of time painting portraits and landscapes. He studied diligently and attended school, then spent some time studying at the college in Arbois before moving to the Royal College in Besançon.

Education of the future great scientist

Every year, Louis Pasteur, whose biography is discussed in this article, increased his knowledge. As a result, his academic success did not go unnoticed, which is why he soon began teaching at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts (1840) and the degree of Bachelor of Science (1842) from the Royal College of Besançon, and the degree of Doctor of Science (1847) from the Ecole Normale in Paris.

Pasteur spent several years studying and teaching at the Dijon Lycée. Louis received his doctorate in 1847 in the field natural sciences, for which he prepared two dissertations in chemical and physical fields. During his stay in Paris, he attended many lectures at the Sorbonne, and spent a particularly long time in chemistry classes.

The first discoveries in the field of chemistry

While still a student, Pasteur conducted several experiments to study the crystal structure and activity of tartaric acid. In 1849, a scientist tried to solve a problem regarding the nature of tartaric acid, a chemical found in the deposits of wine fermentation. He used the rotation of polarized light as a means to study crystals. When polarized light passed through the solution, the angle of the plane of light rotated. Pasteur noticed that another compound called tartaric acid was also found in the fermentation products of wine and had the same composition as tartaric acid. Most scientists assumed that the two compounds were identical. However, Pasteur noticed that grape acid did not rotate plane-polarized light. He determined that although these two compounds have the same chemical composition, they still have different structures.

By looking at grape acid under a microscope, Pasteur discovered the presence of two different types of tiny crystals. Although they looked almost identical, in fact they were mirror image each other. He separated these two types of crystals and began to study them carefully. When polarized light passed through them, the scientist saw that both crystals were rotating, but in the opposite direction. When both crystals are in a liquid, the effect of polarized light does not differ. This experiment established that studying the composition alone is not enough to understand how chemical substance behaves. Structure and shape are also important, which led the researcher to the field of stereochemistry.

Academic career and scientific achievements

Initially, Pasteur planned to become a science teacher, as he was greatly inspired by the knowledge and abilities of Professor Dumas, whose lectures he attended at the Sorbonne. He worked for several months as a professor of physics at the Lyceum in Dijon, then at the beginning of 1849 he was invited to the University of Strasbourg, where he was offered the position of professor of chemistry. From the first years of his work, Pasteur took an active part in intensive research activities, developed professionalism and soon scientific world began to enjoy a well-deserved reputation as a chemist.

In the biography of Louis Pasteur (in English Louis Pasteur), 1854 is especially mentioned, when he moved to Lille, where the Faculty of Chemistry was opened only a few months ago. It was then that he became the dean of the department. At his new place of work, Louis Pasteur showed himself to be an extremely innovative teacher; he tried to teach students, focusing primarily on practice, which was largely helped by new laboratories. He also implemented this principle as director of scientific work at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, a position he took up in 1857. There he continued his innovative work and carried out quite daring experiments. He published the results of his research at that time in the journal of the École Normale Supérieure, the creation of which was initiated by himself. In the sixties of the 19th century, he received a lucrative order from the French government to study silkworms, which took him several years. In 1867, Louis Pasteur was called to the Sorbonne, where he taught as a professor of chemistry for several years.

Successful chemical discoveries and biography of Louis Pasteur

In addition to his distinguished academic career, Louis Pasteur made a great name for himself in the field of chemical discoveries. Already in the first half of the 19th century, scientists knew about the existence of the smallest living creatures in the products of wine fermentation and during the souring of food products. Their exact origin, however, was not yet fully known. But Louis Pasteur, in the course of various experiments in his laboratory, found out that these organisms enter products through the air, cause various processes there, and also cause all sorts of diseases, and they can exist there without oxygen. Pasteur called them microorganisms or microbes. Thus, he proved that fermentation is not a chemical, but a biological process.

Practical benefits of Pasteur's scientific discoveries

His discovery quickly spread among specialists and also found its place in the food industry. The scientist began to look for ways to prevent wine fermentation or at least slow down this process. Louis Pasteur, whose biography is known to every scientist today, found out in the course of his research that when heated, bacteria are destroyed. He continued his experiments and found that by briefly heating to a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius, and then instantly cooling, he could kill the bacteria and at the same time obtain the characteristic taste of wine. So the chemist developed new method short heating, which today is called “pasteurization”. Today it is widely used in the food industry for preserving milk, products made from it, as well as vegetables and fruit juices.

Work in the medical field

In the seventies of the 19th century, Louis Pasteur, whose biography and achievements are known to every schoolchild today, devoted himself to developing a method that is today known as immunization. He first focused his research on chicken cholera, a contagious disease that is fatal to humans. Working with experimental pathogens, he discovered that the antibodies formed by the animals helped to withstand the disease. His research helped in the coming years to develop vaccines against other deadly diseases such as anthrax and rabies.

An important medical breakthrough came from his idea of ​​rabies vaccination, which he developed in 1885 through his work with rabbits. The first patient to be saved in this way was a little boy who was infected by a rabid dog bite. Since Pasteur administered the vaccine before the disease began to penetrate the brain, the little patient survived. Pasteur's vaccine made him famous internationally and earned him a reward of 25,000 francs.

Personal life

In 1849, Louis Pasteur, whose biography and photos are discussed in this article, met Anne Marie Laurent, the daughter of the university rector, in Strasbourg, and married her in the same year. The happy marriage produced five children, of whom only two survived to adulthood. The death of his nine-year-old daughter Zhanna, who died of typhus, prompted the scientist to later study vaccination against this terrible disease.

The Decline of the Great Explorer

Biography of Louis Pasteur (on French Louis Pasteur) is rich historical events and discoveries. But no one is completely immune from disease. Since 1868, the scientist was partially paralyzed due to a severe brain stroke, but he was able to continue his research. He celebrated his 70th birthday at the Sorbonne, where a number of prominent scientists took part, including the British surgeon Joseph Lister. During this time his condition worsened and he died on September 28, 1895. Biography of Louis Pasteur on English and on many others today is available for study by his descendants.

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French microbiologist and chemist, founder of modern microbiology and immunology.

Born on December 27, 1822 in the city of Dole, Jura department. The only son of a tanner. First he studied at the college in Arbois, then at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris. At the same time, Pasteur attended lectures at the Sorbonne, in particular listening to the famous chemist Jean Baptiste Dudma.

Having graduated with honors from the Lyceum, the young man was admitted in 1843 to the Ecole Normale - the Higher Normal School, where he studied natural sciences. At the end of the course (1847), he defended two doctoral dissertations: one in physics, the other in chemistry. Then, with the rank of professor, he taught at Dijon (1847-1848), Strasbourg (1849-1854) and Lille (since 1854) universities, and in 1857 he became dean of the faculty of natural sciences at the Ecole Normale Supérieure.

Already at the age of 26, Pasteur was known for his work in the field of organic crystallography, which laid the foundation for stereochemistry (the science of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules). He revealed the optical asymmetry of molecules by separating two crystalline forms (dextro- and levorotatory) of tartaric acid from each other. Since asymmetric crystals were found in substances formed during fermentation, the scientist became interested in this chemical process. In 1857, he discovered that fermentation is biological, being the result of the vital activity of special microorganisms - yeast fungi. Pasteur suggested that it turns into vinegar under the influence of bacteria, and proposed treating wines by heating to 60 ° C (pasteurization).

In 1861, while researching the causes of the death of silkworms, he found a way to sort silkworm eggs under a microscope. These led Pasteur to the idea that the pathogenic properties of microbes, the causative agents of infectious diseases, can be arbitrarily weakened. An organism that has been inoculated with a weakened bacterial culture (vaccine) subsequently acquires resistance to the disease itself, developing immunity.

Since 1867, Pasteur, then already a professor of chemistry at the University of Paris, and his students began many years of experiments, thanks to which it became possible to put into practice vaccines against chicken cholera, anthrax, rubella in pigs and rabies.

One of the first Pasteur stations where such vaccination was carried out appeared in 1886 in Odessa on the initiative of scientists I. I. Mechnikov and N. F. Gamaleya.

Of the 350 people who asked for help, Pasteur failed to save only a little girl who was bitten on the head by a dog 37 days before the vaccination. However, this was enough for him to be accused of charlatanism. Even within the walls of the French Academy of Sciences one had to listen to accusations that Pasteur did not cure, but spread rabies and that his methods contradicted modern science.

The scientist heard rumors that in some cities an angry crowd was destroying stations created for vaccination. All this could not but affect the researcher’s health.

When the famous Pasteur Institute was built in Paris with funds raised through international subscription (1888), Pasteur himself could no longer work in the laboratory.

Louis Pasteur's message will briefly talk about the discoveries and contributions to science of the famous chemist, biologist and microbiologist.

Louis Pasteur's contributions to biology, medicine, anatomy

The French scientist became famous for creating vaccines against infectious diseases, including rabies, anthrax, etc.

While still a student in 1848, the great scientist made his first discovery. He discovered the optical asymmetry of tartaric acid molecules. This is what Louis Pasteur discovered in early years- This reason for the fermentation process. Previously it was believed that this process only has chemical nature of its development. However, Pasteur proved that fermentation is caused by the activity of microorganisms. To study the issue, the scientist performed about 13,000 experiments.

Louis Pasteur's contributions to microbiology

In the period 1860-1862, the scientist Louis Pasteur, in the course of experiments, refuted the then prevailing hypothesis about the spontaneous generation of microorganisms. He conducted an experiment with a sterile nutrient medium, which he placed in a manufactured flask with an S-shaped neck. As air entered the flask, microorganisms slowly settled on the walls of the neck, never reaching the nutrient medium. Several days later, not a single living microorganism was found in the dishes. Thus, Louis Pasteur proved that spontaneous generation did not occur, despite specially created ideal conditions. But, if you rinse the walls of the neck with the solution, spores and bacteria began to actively develop in the flask.

The experiment that Louis Pasteur conducted in medicine produced a real revolution: he refuted the prevailing opinion that diseases inside the body arise spontaneously or appear from “bad” air. So the scientist laid the foundations of antiseptics, proving the fact of transmission of infectious diseases through infection.

At the request of French wine producers, Pasteur began working in 1864 wine disease research. The scientist discovered that each disease is caused by a different type of microorganism. To prevent the process of wine spoilage, the researcher recommended heating it to a temperature of 50-60 °C. Then harmful bacteria are destroyed, and the wine is disinfected without losing the quality of the product. This process is called pasteurization. Louis Pasteur patented his method of disinfecting wine.

Louis Pasteur's contributions to medicine

It is worth noting that Louis Pasteur became famous as the savior of humanity thanks to creating vaccines against infectious diseases. But first things first. Since 1876, he began studying infectious diseases. The scientist isolated the causative agent of cholera, anthrax, puerperal fever, swine rubella, chicken cholera, rabies and other infectious diseases. Louis Pasteur's contribution to science is that in 1881 the biologist proposed a vaccination method: a method of preventive vaccinations aimed at combating infectious diseases using weakened cultures of similar pathogenic microorganisms. His method inspired the development of the theory of artificial immunity, which is still used today.

The merits of Louis Pasteur brought the scientist great fame. In particular, the development of a vaccine against rabies, which he was able to synthesize from a special substance obtained from the brain of a rabbit. In July 1885, the first successful human vaccination was carried out. After this, people from all over Europe began to come to Paris, hoping for a cure for the disease, previously considered fatal. Pasteur stations began to be organized all over the world, which vaccinated those infected against rabies.

We hope that from this message you learned what Louis Pasteur did for biology and science in general.

1. Introduction…………………………………………………….2

2. Biography of Louis Pasteur……………………………………3

3. Works in the field of chemistry……………………………......4

4. Fermentation according to Pasteur................................................... ...................5

5. Study of infectious diseases...................................6

Introduction

Back in the 6th century BC. e. Hippocrates believed that infectious diseases were caused by invisible living beings. The first to see microbes was the Dutch naturalist Antonio Leeuwenhoek (1632 - 1723). Using a microscope he invented, he described them as “living animals” living in rainwater, dental plaque and other materials.

A. Leeuwenhoek's discovery attracted the attention of other naturalists and served as the beginning of a morphological period in the history of medicine, which lasted about two centuries. The study of the biochemical activity of microorganisms marked the beginning of the rapid development of general and then medical microbiology, which is inextricably linked with the works of the outstanding scientist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Pasteur's ingenious discoveries constituted an entire era in the development of microbiology and led to fundamental changes in biology and medicine. The significance of Pasteur's works can be judged by their title.

An exceptional role was played by those works of Pasteur, which laid the foundation of immunology and which made it possible to provide a scientifically based method of preventive vaccinations. It is no coincidence that Pasteur, during one of the celebrations held in his honor, was presented with an artistically executed vase on which a syringe was depicted.

The fight for human health and life was the main idea of ​​the second half of the great scientist’s life, and it was the work in this area that ended in such a triumph that no scientist in the world knew.

Biography of Louis Pasteur.

Louis Pasteur (Louis Pasteur. 1822 - 1895) - an outstanding French scientist, chemist and microbiologist, founder of scientific microbiology and immunology.

“Benefactor of humanity” - that’s what they said about French scientist Louis Pasteur.

Louis Pasteur was the son of a retired French soldier who owned a small tannery in the town of Dole. He spent his childhood in the small French village of Arbois. Louis was fond of drawing and was an excellent and ambitious student. He graduated from college, and then - teacher training school.

Pasteur was attracted to a career as a teacher. He liked to teach, and very early, even before receiving special education, was appointed assistant teacher. But Louis's fate changed dramatically when he discovered chemistry and physics. Louis willingly became interested in these sciences. At school he listened to lectures by Balard, and went to listen to the famous chemist Dumas at the Sorbonne. Pasteur was captivated by work in the laboratory. In his enthusiasm for experiments, he often forgot about rest.

Pasteur abandoned drawing and devoted his life to chemistry and fascinating experiments.

At the age of 36, he defended his doctoral dissertation, presenting two works: on the chemistry and physics of crystals. Pasteur’s main discoveries were enzymatic lactic acid (1875), alcoholic (1860) and oil (1861) fermentation, the study of “diseases” of wine and beer (since 1875), as well as the refutation of the hypothesis of spontaneous generation of microorganisms (1860). The dates of these great discoveries are inscribed on a plaque in Pasteur's house in Paris, where his first laboratory was located.

Works in the field of chemistry

When Pasteur was about 26 years old, the young scientist answered a question that had remained unresolved before him. Despite the efforts of many prominent scientists. He discovered the reason for the unequal influence of a beam of polarized light on crystals of organic substances. This outstanding discovery subsequently led to the emergence of stereochemistry - the science of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules.

First scientific work Pasteur performed it in 1848. He discovered that tartaric acid, obtained during fermentation, has optical activity - the ability to rotate the plane of polarization of light, while chemically synthesized and isomeric grape acid does not have this property. Studying crystals under a microscope, he identified two types of crystals, which were like mirror images of each other. A sample consisting of crystals of one type rotated the plane of polarization clockwise, and the other - counterclockwise. A 1:1 mixture of the two types naturally had no optical activity.

Pasteur came to the conclusion that crystals consist of molecules of different structures. Chemical reactions create both types with equal probability, but living organisms use only one of them.

“I have established that grape, or racemic, acid is formed from the combination of one molecule of right tartaric acid (which is ordinary tartaric acid) and one molecule of left tartaric acid; both acids, being identical in all other respects, differ from one another in that the forms of their crystals cannot be combined by superimposing one another... Each of them is a mirror image of the other.” L. Pasteur

Thus, the chirality of molecules was demonstrated for the first time (the property of a molecule to be incompatible with its mirror image by any combination of rotations and displacements in three-dimensional space). As was discovered later, amino acids are also chiral, and only their L forms are present in living organisms (with rare exceptions). In some ways, Pasteur anticipated this discovery.

Louis Pasteur said: “Involved, even, or rather, forced by the logical development of my research, I moved from

crystallography and molecular chemistry to the study of fermentation agents."

Fermentation according to Pasteur

Pasteur began studying fermentation in 1857. By 1861, Pasteur showed that the formation of alcohol, glycerol and succinic acid during fermentation can only occur in the presence of microorganisms, often specific ones.

Louis Pasteur proved that fermentation is a process closely related to the vital activity of yeast fungi, which feed and multiply at the expense of fermenting liquid. In clarifying this issue, Pasteur had to refute Liebig's view of fermentation, which was dominant at that time, as chemical process. Particularly convincing were Pasteur's experiments with a liquid containing pure sugar and various mineral salts, which served as food for the fermenting fungus, and ammonia salt, which supplied the fungus with the necessary nitrogen. The fungus developed, increasing in weight, and ammonium salt was consumed. According to Liebig's theory, it was necessary to wait for a decrease in the weight of the fungus and the release of ammonia, as a product of the destruction of nitrogenous organic matter, making up the enzyme.

Pasteur then showed that lactic fermentation also requires the presence of a special enzyme, which multiplies in the fermenting liquid, also increasing in weight, and with the help of which fermentation can be caused in new portions of the liquid.

It was not by chance that Louis Pasteur took up the fermentation process. He understood that for France, as a wine-producing country, the problem of aging and “disease” of wine is particularly relevant. At the same time, Louis Pasteur made another important discovery. He found that there are organisms that can live without oxygen. For them, oxygen is not only unnecessary, but also harmful. Such organisms are called anaerobic. Their representatives are microbes that cause butyric acid fermentation. The proliferation of such microbes causes rancidity in wine and beer.

Fermentation was thus an anaerobic process, life without respiration, because it was negatively affected by oxygen. At the same time, organisms capable of both fermentation and respiration grew more actively in the presence of oxygen, but consumed less organic matter from the environment. Thus it was shown that anaerobic life

less effective. It is now believed that aerobic organisms can extract 20 times more energy from one amount of organic substrate than anaerobic organisms.

In 1864, French winemakers turned to Pasteur with a request to help them develop means and methods of combating wine diseases. The result of his research was a monograph in which Pasteur showed that wine diseases are caused by various microorganisms, and each disease has a specific pathogen. To destroy harmful “organized enzymes,” he suggested heating the wine at a temperature of 50-60 degrees. This method, called pasteurization, which has found wide application in laboratories and in the food industry.

Study of infectious diseases

Medical microbiology as a science was formed in the second half of the 19th century. Its formation was prepared, on the one hand, by bacteriological studies of microorganisms, which suggested the idea of specificity pathogen, and on the other hand, the successes of physiology and pathological anatomy, which studied the structure and function of tissues and cells of a microorganism that are directly related to the immune system.

E. Jenfer, having come to the discovery of vaccination, did not imagine the mechanism of the processes occurring in the body after vaccination. This secret was revealed new science – experimental immunology, the founder of which was Louis Pasteur

Pasteur showed that diseases that are now called contagious can only arise as a result of infection, that is, penetration into the body from external environment microbes Even in our time, the entire theory and practice of combating infectious diseases of humans, animals and plants is based on this principle. Most scientists adhered to other theories that did not allow them to successfully fight for people's lives.

The sensational discoveries of the German scientist Koch proved that Pasteur was right. Pasteur went further. He decided to fight diseases. A series of his numerous experiments was devoted to the study of anthrax microbes, from the epidemic of which French cattle breeders were suffering at that time. He discovered that an animal, once it had suffered this terrible disease and managed to overcome it, was no longer in danger of the disease: it acquired immunity to the anthrax germs. This was the first serious step in the history of vaccination.

Famous researchers and scientists, discoverers who forever inscribed their names in the annals of science, were often ahead of their time and therefore remained misunderstood. Louis Pasteur, whose brief biography will be discussed below, is precisely one of these individuals. He lived a difficult life, was forced to fight for the right to engage in science, but managed to win and give his descendants microbiology, immunology and other, no less useful, achievements. Let's take a closer look at his life path.

Birth and first years of life

Even a short biography for children of Louis Pasteur makes it clear that this man had extraordinary talents and a unique mindset. He was born in 1822, on December 27, in the small French town of Dole, in a family of leather craftsmen.

Years of study

The future discoverer of microbiology began his studies at a college in Arbois, where he was the youngest student. Already in his first educational institution, Louis managed to achieve impressive success, becoming a teacher's assistant. Then he realized that a lot depends on hard work and perseverance. He then studied science in college at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris and at the same time attended lectures at the Sorbonne. Having brilliantly graduated from college, young Pasteur continued his education at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, where he studied the natural sciences. In one year, he managed to defend two doctoral dissertations at once and receive the title of professor in physics and chemistry.

First steps in work

In a short biography of Louis Pasteur, you should definitely talk about his early writings. So, he worked at several universities with the rank of professor, then received the position of dean at his own educational institution, the Ecole Normale Supérieure. The researcher turns out to be a very strict leader, significantly tightening the rules for admission to the school and the requirements for graduates, which made the educational institution more reputable. Before the age of 40, Pasteur was already widely known in scientific circles for his innovative works:

• Works on organic crystallography laid the foundation for the modern science of stereochemistry.
• He managed to study the fermentation process in detail and reveal its biological nature. It was Louis Pasteur who established that living microorganisms, special yeasts, are responsible for the process of turning wine into vinegar.

Subsequently, the chemist continued to study pasteurization, proposing to treat wine at high temperatures to preserve it.

Research

The next stage in the life of Louis Pasteur, a brief biography and photo of which are presented in this material, is work in the field of medicine. So, while studying the reasons for the death of silkworm worms, he learned to separate healthy individuals from sick ones under a microscope. This led the researcher to the idea that pathogens in the human body could be affected in the same way. If you administer a special serum to a patient, you can weaken the effect of the microbe and even develop immunity to it in the patient.

Pasteur and his students conducted numerous experiments to comprehensively study the nature of vaccines. Thus, he managed to find cures for such serious diseases as anthrax, rabies and rubella in pigs, and chicken cholera. In those days these viral infections took many lives. The first success in vaccination was the vaccination of a 9-year-old boy, who was thus saved from rabies.

Accusations

Like any person ahead of his time, the brilliant scientist was accused of quackery. His doctrine of vaccination was not popular with researchers who did not want to open their minds to new trends. Therefore, in the brief biography and discoveries of Louis Pasteur, the hard times. While conducting vaccinations, the scientist was unable to help a little girl who was bitten by a dog and came back more than 35 days later. The vaccination was ineffective, and the child died. Therefore, absurd accusations were thrown at Pasteur that the scientist was not bringing benefit to people, but was engaged in the spread of rabies. In some cities where vaccination stations have been set up, crowds have run amok, threatening to destroy medical facilities. All this undermined the health of the great scientist.

With his own funds, Pasteur founded the Pasteur Institute in Paris, but could no longer work there.

Death

Louis Pasteur left this world in 1895, on September 28 at the age of 72. The cause of the researcher’s death is said to be a series of strokes that almost completely destroyed his body.

Until his death, he remained true to his ideas and strived to help people. Louis Pasteur was buried in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris; his ashes were subsequently reburied in the crypt of the institute he created.

Features of teaching to younger students

Of particular interest is a short biography of Louis Pasteur for grade 3. The teacher has a difficult but interesting task of not only telling about the discoveries of a great man, but also displaying the key features of his personality. So, what should you tell third graders first?

• Born into a simple working-class family, Louis Pasteur did not follow in the footsteps of his father, a tanner, but chose a different path for himself.
• It is imperative to note that this man studied and worked all his life, did not give up even in moments of illness and when his work was openly rejected, accusing the researcher of quackery.
• Its role is truly great in such sciences as chemistry, physics, medicine and biology.
• The brilliant researcher made his first discoveries while still a student, ahead of not only his teachers, but also his time.
• Louis Pasteur experienced both recognition of his own merits and unfair reproaches, but nothing could break his thirst for knowledge and thirst for discovery.
• The scientist was friendly with many Russian researchers, who later continued his great work.

You can also include a selection of interesting facts in the learning process and list the discoveries themselves. This will help schoolchildren appreciate the contribution to science of this brilliant man.

We have already met with a short biography of Louis Pasteur. Interesting facts are presented below:

• He was not only an outstanding scientist and researcher, but also a gifted artist, so he managed to immortalize portraits of his mother and sisters on canvas.
• Pasteur's wife bore him five children, but three of them died in infancy from typhoid fever, which was incurable at that time. This was one of the main reasons that prompted Pasteur to begin researching methods for treating dangerous diseases.
• He was a conscientious Catholic, fully accepting this religious teaching.
• For most of his life, Louis Pasteur treated patients without having a medical education.
• He made his most significant discoveries while disabled: from a cerebral hemorrhage, 45-year-old Pasteur was left almost completely paralyzed on the left half, his arm and leg did not move. Nevertheless, the scientist continued his work and managed to save many lives.

The life of this extraordinary human lung you can’t name why his persistence, hard work and determination are especially striking.

Discoveries

A short biography of Louis Pasteur in English or Russian is sure to highlight the discoveries made by this great man.

• Thus, he managed to prove that specific microorganisms are responsible for fermentation; this became a new trend in science at that time. Before Pasteur, it was generally accepted that fermentation was a chemical process.
• It was this talented microbiologist who discovered the existence of microorganisms that can live without oxygen. It is they that cause butyric acid fermentation, leading to spoilage of wine and beer. Therefore, in order to save drinks, Pasteur proposed using oxygen, which is harmful to such organisms.
• The brilliant scientist managed to refute another theory that reigned in his time - about the spontaneous generation of bacteria. Thus, 19th century researchers believed that an organism could arise from nothing, on its own. And Louis Pasteur, whose short biography is coming to an end in our material, spent interesting experience, which proved the inconsistency of this concept. He placed the nutrient solution in a vessel with a curved neck, life did not appear there, despite everything necessary conditions, since bacterial spores settled on the fractures of the neck. And if, all other things being equal, the neck was removed, then soon they appeared in the nutrient solution. For this discovery, Louis Pasteur received a prize from the French Academy of Sciences.
• Helped winemakers fight product diseases by teaching them how to heat wine at high temperatures. Subsequently, the method was called pasteurization; it still helps to extend the shelf life of many foods, preserving their taste and nutritional value. But pasteurized substances should be stored at low temperatures.
• The first proposed preventive vaccinations, which are still done today.

All this makes the scientist’s contribution to the development of science and medicine invaluable.

We have reviewed short biography Louis Pasteur and his discoveries and saw that he was not just a man of outstanding intelligence, but also a very hardworking researcher who tried to get to the bottom of the truth, despite the ridiculous theories prevailing in his years, which were blindly accepted by many. Now many educational institutions bear the name of the great microbiologist, like one of the craters of the Moon.