I erected a monument to myself, a miraculous analysis briefly. Analysis of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” by Pushkin

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's poem "" is not an entirely original source. When Pushkin sat down to write it, he was familiar with the original - the poem “To Melpomene” by Horatio, free translations and adaptations of foreign and Russian poets. In Russia, Batyushkov, Derzhavin (whose verse is often with Pushkin’s), and Lomonosov wrote on this topic. Later - Lermontov, A. Fet, Kapnist.

And at the same time, an analysis of the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” shows that it is not a translation, like the works of Lomonosov, Fet, Kapnist. This is not even an imitation of an ancient Roman poet who lived in pre-Christian times. Although some motifs of Horatio are present in Pushkin’s work. The ancient Roman ode served as a form, a kind of wrapper for Pushkin’s original poem, into which the poet invested his content - feelings and worldview.

The poem was written in 1836, shortly before his death. It was a time of creative flourishing, grandiose literary plans and personal spiritual crisis.

In this poem, Pushkin, summing up his work, says:

And for a long time I will be so kind to the people,
That I awakened good feelings with my lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom,
And he called for mercy for the fallen.

And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tunguz, and friend of the steppes Kalmyk.

Between the lines one can read the poet’s faith that people will someday be free and educated, and that he, Pushkin, will begin to be translated into other languages. Well, his prophecy came true.

The appeal to the Muse to be obedient to the command of God is a call to the writers who will create after him.

Without fear of insult, without demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently,

And don't challenge a fool.

The poem is close to the ode genre; it is written in iambic hexameter. This rhythm corresponds more than others to ancient poetry, and suits the ode. But unlike the ancients literary works, Pushkin’s poem does not read ponderously. On the contrary, the rhythm of the verse is energetic, and the work itself sounds solemn. True, the last stanza is written in iambic tetrameter, which makes it energetic.

The work consists of 5 stanzas, cross rhyme, female rhyme alternates with male rhyme. It can be divided into 3 parts: in the first, the poet says that he erected a monument to himself. In the second part, he explains how he believes he will be “pleasant to the people.” And the third part is a call to the poets who will create after him.

The poem is related to the ode by Old Slavonicisms - head, pillar, drink, existing; and multi-union.

The poem uses means artistic expression, helping to feel the poet’s mood. These are epithets - miraculous, rebellious, great, cherished, proud, kind, wild, cruel.

The poem itself is metaphorical in essence. Everyone knows that Pushkin is not an architect or a sculptor, and did not build anything. He applied inversion. By monument we mean all of it literary creativity, which will preserve the memory of him among the people. He says that his soul lives in his works. "The soul in the treasured lyre." Lyre is ancient Greek musical instrument, symbolizing poetic creativity. The same idea is confirmed by Annenkov:

"Real, full life him [Pushkin] lies in his very works, generated, so to speak, by the course of it. In them, the reader can study both the soul of the poet and the circumstances of his existence, moving from one artistic image to another. This is how Pushkin wrote his biography... The reader can have the pleasure of tracing this poetic story about himself, starting with the first imitations of our poet by the erotic writers of France, until after a series of powerful creatures he could exclaim in just pride:

I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands:
The people's path to it will not be overgrown.

What is a verse? Rhymed lines conveying some kind of thought, nothing more. But if poems could be decomposed into molecules, consider the percentage of components, then everyone would understand that poetry is much more complex structure. 10% text, 30% information and 60% feelings - that's what poetry is. Belinsky once said that in every feeling of Pushkin there is something noble, graceful and tender. It was these feelings that became the basis of his poetry. Was he able to convey them in full? This can be said after the analysis “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” - last work great poet.

remember me

The poem “Monument” was written shortly before the poet’s death. Here Pushkin himself acted as a lyrical hero. He reflected on his difficult fate and the role he played in history. Poets tend to think about their place in this world. And Pushkin wants to believe that his work was not in vain. Like every representative creative professions, he wants to be remembered. And with the poem “Monument” he seems to sum up his creative activity, as if to say: “Remember me.”

The poet is eternal

“I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”... This work reveals the theme of the poet and poetry, the problem of poetic fame is comprehended, but most importantly, the poet believes that fame can defeat death. Pushkin is proud that his poetry is free, because he did not write for the sake of fame. As the lyricist himself once noted: “Poetry is a selfless service to humanity.”

While reading the poem, you can enjoy its solemn atmosphere. Art will live forever, and its creator will certainly go down in history. Stories about him will be passed on from generation to generation, his words will be quoted, and his ideas will be supported. The poet is eternal. He is the only person who is not afraid of death. As long as people remember you, you exist.

But at the same time, the solemn speeches are saturated with sadness. This verse is Pushkin’s last words, which put an end to his work. The poet seems to want to say goodbye, finally asking for the very least - to be remembered. This is the meaning of Pushkin’s poem “Monument”. His work is full of love for the reader. To the last, he believes in the power of the poetic word and hopes that he managed to fulfill what was entrusted to him.

Year of writing

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin died in 1837 (January 29). After some time, a draft version of the poem “Monument” was found among his notes. Pushkin indicated the year of writing as 1836 (August 21). Soon the original work was handed over to the poet Vasily Zhukovsky, who made some literary corrections to it. But only four years later this poem saw the world. The poem “Monument” was included in the posthumous collection of the poet’s works, published in 1841.

Disagreements

There are many versions of how this work was created. The history of the creation of Pushkin’s “Monument” is truly amazing. Researchers of creativity still cannot agree on any one version, putting forward assumptions ranging from extremely sarcastic to completely mystical.

They say that A. S. Pushkin’s poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is nothing more than an imitation of the work of other poets. Works of this kind, the so-called “Monuments,” can be traced in the works of G. Derzhavin, M. Lomonosov, A. Vostokov and other writers of the 17th century. In turn, adherents of Pushkin’s work claim that he was inspired to create this poem by Horace’s ode Exegi monumentum. The disagreements between Pushkinists did not end there, because researchers can only guess about how the verse was created.

Irony and debt

In turn, Pushkin’s contemporaries received his “Monument” rather coolly. They saw in this poem nothing more than a praise of their poetic talents. And this was, at the very least, incorrect. However, admirers of his talent, on the contrary, considered the poem as a hymn to modern poetry.

Among the poet’s friends there was an opinion that there was nothing in this poem but irony, and the work itself was a message that Pushkin left for himself. They believed that in this way the poet wanted to draw attention to the fact that his work deserves greater recognition and respect. And this respect should be supported not only by exclamations of admiration, but also by some kind of material incentives.

By the way, this assumption is in some way confirmed by the records of Pyotr Vyazemsky. He was with the poet good relations and could safely assert that the word “miraculous” used by the poet had a slightly different meaning. Vyazemsky was confident that he was right and repeatedly stated that the poem was about the status in modern society, not about cultural heritage poet. The highest circles of society recognized that Pushkin had remarkable talent, but they did not like him. Although the poet’s work was recognized by the people, he could not earn a living from this. To provide himself with a decent standard of living, he constantly mortgaged his property. This is evidenced by the fact that after Pushkin’s death, Tsar Nicholas the First gave the order to pay all the poet’s debts from the state treasury and assigned maintenance to his widow and children.

Mystical version of the creation of the work

As you can see, studying the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,” an analysis of the history of creation suggests the existence of a “mystical” version of the appearance of the work. Supporters of this idea are sure that Pushkin felt his imminent death. Six months before his death, he created a “monument not made by hands” for himself. He put an end to his career as a poet by writing his last poetic testament.

The poet seemed to know that his poems would become a role model, not only in Russian, but also in world literature. There is also a legend that once a fortune teller predicted his death at the hands of a handsome blond man. At the same time, Pushkin knew not only the date, but also the time of his death. And when the end was already near, he took care to sum up his work.

But be that as it may, the verse was written and published. We, his descendants, can only guess what caused the poem to be written and analyze it.

Genre

As for the genre, the poem “Monument” is an ode. However, this is a special kind of genre. The ode to oneself came to Russian literature as a pan-European tradition, dating back to ancient times. It’s not for nothing that Pushkin used lines from Horace’s poem “To Melpomene” as an epigraph. Literally translated, Exegi monumentum means “I erected a monument.” He wrote the poem “To Melpomene” at the end of his creative path. Melpomene is an ancient Greek muse, patroness of tragedies and performing arts. Addressing her, Horace tries to evaluate his merits in poetry. Later, works of this kind became a kind of tradition in literature.

This tradition was introduced into Russian poetry by Lomonosov, who was the first to translate Horace's work. Afterwards, relying on ancient works, G. Derzhavin wrote his “Monument”. It was he who determined the main genre features of such “monuments”. This genre tradition received its final form in the works of Pushkin.

Composition

Speaking about the composition of Pushkin’s poem “Monument”, it should be noted that it is divided into five stanzas, where the original forms and poetic meters are used. Both Derzhavin and Pushkin’s “Monument” is written in quatrains, which are somewhat modified.

Pushkin wrote the first three stanzas in the traditional odic meter - iambic hexameter, but the last stanza is written in iambic tetrameter. When analyzing “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,” it is clear that it is on this last stanza that Pushkin places the main semantic emphasis.

Subject

The work “Monument” by Pushkin is a hymn to the lyrics. Its main theme is the glorification of real poetry and the affirmation of the poet’s honorable place in the life of society. Even though Pushkin continued the traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, he largely rethought the problems of the ode and put forward his own ideas regarding the assessment of creativity and its true purpose.

Pushkin is trying to reveal the theme of the relationship between the writer and the reader. He says his poems are for the masses. This can be felt from the first lines: “The people’s path to him will not be overgrown.”

“I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”: analysis

In the first stanza of the verse, the poet asserts the significance of such a poetic monument in comparison with other merits and monuments. Pushkin also introduces here the theme of freedom, which is often heard in his work.

The second stanza, in fact, is no different from that of other poets who wrote “monuments”. Here Pushkin exalts the immortal spirit of poetry, which allows poets to live forever: “No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre.” The poet also focuses on the fact that in the future his work will find recognition in wider circles. IN recent years in their life they did not understand and did not accept him, so Pushkin pinned his hopes on the fact that in the future there would be people close to him in spiritual make-up.

In the third stanza, the poet reveals the theme of the development of interest in poetry among ordinary people who were unfamiliar with it. But it’s the last stanza that deserves the most attention. It was in it that Pushkin explained what his creativity consisted of and what would ensure his immortality: “Praise and slander were accepted indifferently and do not challenge the creator.” 10% text, 30% information and 60% feelings - this is how Pushkin turned out to be an ode, a miraculous monument that he erected to himself.

As it were, he consolidates the results of his poetic creative activity. He makes it clear that his poetry will be famous among the surrounding people for a long time, everyone will be proud of his written masterpieces and praised by his poetry.

The poet writes in lines about the “Monument”, which he erected for himself and which is distinguished by the ability to feel his freedom, independently of anyone, as it is written in the lines: “He ascended higher with the head of the rebellious Alexandrian pillar.” Pushkin wants to show that his work will forever remain in the hearts of many people with whom he is close in spirit, whom he loves and composes his works for them.

All his works were created not so that he would enjoy great fame in the future, but his goal was the universal gratitude and love of readers, which was priceless happiness for him. After all, poetry for our writer was considered gratuitous work for the entire subsequent generation.

In this poem there are two manifestations of the intonation of the written word and different characteristics of the spoken word are implied. On the one hand, one can rejoice in the fact that the mastery of the art of poetry can be deposited in the hearts of many people and it will live forever, as it sounds in the lines “The people’s path will not grow to it,” but on the other hand it was last statement Pushkin, almost before his death, where he sums up his work.

This work was written with endless devotion to his people, as well as to Russia, and, of course, he can proudly say that he fulfilled all his obligations, in which he invested a large share of responsibility for everything he did. Once again, looking back, Pushkin says with confidence that his soul, absorbed in the ability to write and compose, will rush through a huge number of years, without even feeling for a minute that the poet is not there. He is and will be in his poems and works, which are unique and inimitable, carrying vital energy, beckoning with its undying attraction.

Pushkin in his poem “Monument” also evaluates his creations as a respectful and humane attitude towards everyone around him, a freedom-loving atmosphere of life and he extolled freedom, although at that time it was a rather dangerous moment throughout the country. Here the poet is trying to tell us that he is independent in making decisions and is not influenced by other people. He has his own opinion, which he defends to the end.

I believe that Pushkin's creative process deserves respect, since he teaches us to love our lives and live in goodness and peace, without asking for anything in return, but simply to do everything humanly, without harming anyone.

Pushkin’s appeal to Horace’s ode, to which both Lomonosov and Derzhavin had addressed before him, cannot be called accidental; the theme of the poet and poetry occupies a large place in his work, in different years life, he revealed it in different ways, but the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” became, as it were, a summing up of the life he had lived, although, of course, at the time of its creation it was hardly perceived by the poet as a poetic testament.

Pushkin, like his famous predecessors, significantly changes main idea Horace, in the first place in assessing the poet’s work, he puts forward not aesthetic, but moral and aesthetic criteria, linking the significance of poetic creativity with its recognition by the “people” (“The people’s path to him will not be overgrown”). The “monument not made by hands” - poetry, the creation of the spirit and soul - turns out to be higher than earthly glory, and with the help of an image glorifying Alexander I (the “Alexandria Pillar” - a column-monument to the emperor in St. Petersburg), the poet asserts the superiority of spiritual power over all other forms of power.

In the second and third stanzas lyrical hero explains why death is not able to defeat his poetry: “the soul in the treasured lyre will survive my ashes and escape decay...”. The poet’s soul, preserved in creativity, becomes immortal, because the creations of this soul are in demand. When the lyrical hero claims that “Rumor about me will spread throughout Great Rus',” he means that his works will be vital for both “the poet” and every person who knows how to read and appreciate the artistic word, no matter who he is, to no matter what nation he belongs to, because they are all united by the Word, to whose service his life was given.

Orientation towards the reader (“I am kind to the people”), the ability to understand him and share his thoughts and feelings, the inseparability of his own fate from the fate of the people and serve for the lyrical hero as a guarantee of confidence that his “monument” is necessary for the people: “And for a long time I will be that I am kind to the people, That I awakened good feelings with my lyre, That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom and called for mercy for the fallen." These lines present Pushkin's "poetic program", his idea of the essence of poetry.

The last stanza of the poem “I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands...” is an appeal to the Muse, in which the lyrical hero unambiguously affirms the highest purpose of poetry, its divine principle: “By the command of God, O Muse, be obedient...”. This is what gives the artist the strength to create, despite blasphemy and reproach - the awareness that you have no control over your destiny, which is the embodiment of God's plan, God's will, which is not subject to people! Therefore, human judgment (“praise and slander”) cannot worry a poet, who fulfills the highest will and submits only to it in his work.

In the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...”, the analysis of which we carried out, Pushkin affirms the greatness of poetic creativity, based on the awareness of one’s purpose and faithful service to the interests of Poetry and the people, who are the only, although not always fair, judge of the poet.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - great poet, writer, and also, just very creative person. It is he who deserves to be respected and understood with all clarity, since in his works there is sincerity and sometimes simplicity, which is sometimes lacking in real life. Just hypocrisy and envy.

The work “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” is very unusual, if only in its meaning and content. This work is large in size, and it rhymes every line, which is very convenient. The meaning of this work is very high, and it must be understood with all its clarity, since Pushkin in this poem writes about himself, writes that not everyone understands him, and many condemn him. In this work, Pushkin tries to convey both to the common people and to higher ranks that poets are people too, that they play a very large role in the life of society, and that things are not always as easy for them as they might seem. Pushkin made this poem, which consists of only five stanzas - an ode, and also something like a hymn, which should lead people, show that poets are people, something bright like a beacon that calls for justice, kindness , and most importantly - freedom, to which the Russian spirit is very subject.

The poem entitled “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” calls for responsibility for their words and actions, especially those who are higher than ordinary peasants and ordinary people. It also proves that poets are not obliged only to please the ears of people with pleasant speech and compliments. Poets also must, simply must, guide people on the true path, showing in their works what is right and how to emerge into a pure and righteous light. That is why Pushkin proclaims that he is going not only to caress the ears of the people with a pleasant lyre, but also to restore justice.

Full analysis of the poem I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands... Pushkin

The poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” was written by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in 1836. This is the last year of the life of the great poet and writer. So, six months after writing the poem, he died. At that time, Pushkin’s life was quite difficult; he was no longer recognized as much as in those days of his glory. Critics began to treat him more harshly. And the tsar, the tsar whom Pushkin loved, simply stopped favoring him, he forbade the publication of his most best works. Naturally, the mood of the poem is sad, and is intended to, to some extent, whitewash oneself. In addition to these problems, Pushkin was in a state of lack of money, and there was also gossip going around about his personal family life. In a word, nothing good happened in 1836.

That is why Pushkin undertook to write such a work at that moment. It was not easy, but he poured out all his feelings, desires and emotions onto paper. His poem turned out to be majestic and proud of its beauty of writing. With this poem, he seemed to sum up the final result of his work. He writes in his poem as if he were criticizing himself, but these words do not scold himself at all, but on the contrary, he tries to prove to everyone that he is not so bad, and that all his work is sincere and written from the heart.

Only because the poet understood that in the future he would become even more famous and that his descendants would understand the writer and poet, Pushkin withstood all the insults and dishonest words spoken against him. But still, despite the fact that he understood that in the future he would be understood better, Pushkin still regretted that he was not understood now. That is why the work “I have erected a monument to myself not made by hands” was written in this spirit. This is a beautiful work, written with all my heart, passionately and, most importantly, sincere. Pushkin was never a hypocrite, and he expected this, perhaps, from others. Now his state of sadness and surprise becomes even clearer.

The genre of the verse is classified by critics as ode. This work reflects on the meaning of life and about people of all kinds. Therefore, it is also classified as a philosophical type of work. The work is measured in iambic hexameter and rhymes every line. There are only five stanzas in the verse, and the very last verse is written in a solemn and majestic tone, in which a barely noticeable sadness is felt.

Analysis of the poem by Pushkin monument

Poem by A.S. Pushkin’s “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands...” sums up the poet’s work. The poet analyzes what he has done and how it will affect other people. The poem was written in the last years of the poet’s life in 1836.

This poem reveals an important theme in the work of A.S. Pushkin - the divine calling of a poet-prophet. A poet is not just a person who puts his thoughts into rhyme. He is God's deputy on Earth, a prophet who tells people about the present, past and future. That is why the author puts himself above society, the state and the king. He raises his monument higher than the "Alexandrian Pillar". That is, the poet points out that even the victory over Napoleon in 1812 pales next to his works.

The poet says that he will always remain alive, because his soul, enclosed in lines, will remain on people’s lips. It will be called “every language that is in it.” Here the poet raises not only the question of his greatness, but also the greatness of his native country. He compares himself to her and says that as the country is great, so is he.

The poet also indicates that he is disobedient to anyone except the “command of God.” The poet does not even use metaphors; he speaks openly about his unruly head. In the lines of this work it is clear that the author is faithful only to his divine calling, and believes that his work is independent of no one.

He predicts his fate, says that his work will remain in eternity. What is most important for this poem is that A.S. Pushkin believes that it is not important how they will treat him and what they will say about his work: “Praise and slander were accepted indifferently.” And most importantly, he proclaims that there is no need to “challenge a fool.” The last lines of the work can be associated with testaments for future poets who will continue his work: “By the command of God, O muse, be obedient.” Here again the motive of submission only to divine power arises.

Analysis of the poem I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands... according to plan