Experienced astronomers are well aware that the orbital speed of planets is directly related to their distance from the center of the system - the Sun. Well, people who are just starting to study the amazing science of celestial bodies would probably be interested in learning more about it.
What is orbital speed?
An orbit is the path along which a particular planet moves around the Sun. It is not at all a perfect circle, as some people who do not understand astronomy think. Moreover, it does not even closely resemble an oval - after all, there are a large number of factors, with the exception of the gravitational force of the Sun, that can affect the movement of celestial bodies.
It is also worth immediately dispelling another well-known myth - the Sun is not always exactly in the center of the orbit of the planets revolving around it.
Finally, it should be noted that not all planetary orbits lie in the same plane. Some deviate significantly from it - for example, if you depict the standard orbits of the Earth and Venus on an astronomical map, you can see that they have only a few intersection points.
Now that we have more or less sorted out the orbits, we can return to the definition of the term orbital speed of planets. This is what astronomers call the speed at which the planet moves along its trajectory. It may vary slightly depending on what celestial bodies are passing nearby. This is especially noticeable in the example of Mars: every time it passes in comparative proximity to Jupiter, it slows down a little, attracting gravitational field this giant.
Scientists have long established the dependence of the speed of movement of planets around the Sun on the distance to it.
That is, the planet closest to the Sun - Mercury - moves the fastest, while Pluto's speed is the smallest in the Solar System.
What is this connected with?
The fact is that the speed of each planet corresponds to the force with which the Sun attracts it at a certain distance. If the speed is less, the planet will gradually approach the star and as a result will burn up. If the speed is too high, then the planet will simply fly away from the center of our solar system.
Every astronomer, even a beginner, knows perfectly well that the force of gravity decreases with distance from the Sun. That is why, in order to maintain its place in the solar system, Mercury is forced to rush at breakneck speed, Mars can move more slowly, and Pluto barely moves at all.
Mercury
The planet closest to the Sun is Mercury. This is where we begin to study the speed of the planets of the solar system.
It boasts not only the smallest orbital radius, but also its small size. In our system it is the smallest full-fledged planet. The distance from Mercury to the Sun is less than 58 million kilometers, due to which the temperature at its equator on a hot day can rise to 400 degrees Celsius or even more.
In addition, in order to stay in its orbit with such proximity to the Sun, the planet has to move at enormous speed - about 47 kilometers per second. Since the length of the orbit due to the small radius is very small, it completes a full revolution around the star in just 88 days. That is New Year can be found there much more often than on Earth. But the speed of rotation of the planet around its own axis is very small - Mercury makes a full revolution in almost 59 Earth days. So, a day here is not much shorter than a year.
Venus
The next planet in our system is Venus. The only one where the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east. The distance to the center of the system is 108 million kilometers. Due to this, the speed of the planet's orbit is significantly less than that of Mercury (only 35 kilometers per second). And this the only planet, whose orbit really is an almost perfect circle - the error (or, as experts say, eccentricity) is extremely small.
True, the length of its orbit (compared to Mercury) is much greater, which is why Venus completes its full journey in only 225 days. By the way, one more interesting fact, which distinguishes Venus from all other planets of the Solar System: the period of rotation around its axis (one day) here is 243 Earth days. Consequently, a year here lasts less than a day.
Earth
Now we can consider the planet that has become the home of humanity - the Earth. The average distance to the Sun is almost 150 million kilometers. It is this distance that is usually called one astronomical unit - they are used when calculating small (by the standards of the Universe) distances in space.
It's hard to believe, but while you are reading this article, you are moving along with the Earth at a speed of almost 30 kilometers per second. But even at such an impressive speed, to make a full revolution around the Sun, the planet spends more than 365 days or 1 year on this. But it rotates around its axis quite quickly - in just 24 hours. However, these and many other facts about the Earth are obvious to everyone, so we will not consider our home planet in detail. Let's move straight to the next one.
Mars
This planet is named after the formidable god of war. In all respects, Mars is as close as possible to Earth. For example, the speed of the planet in orbit is 24 kilometers per second. The distance to the Sun is about 228 million kilometers, which is why the surface is quite cool most of the time - only during the day it warms up to -5 degrees Celsius, and at night it gets cold here to -87 degrees.
But the days here are almost equal to those on earth - 24 hours and 40 minutes. To simplify things, a new term was even coined for the Martian day - sol.
Since the distance to the Sun is quite large, and the trajectory of movement is much longer than that of the Earth, the year here lasts quite a long time - as much as 687 days.
The planet's eccentricity is not too large - about 0.09, so the orbit can be considered conventionally circular with the Sun located almost in the center of the circumscribed circle.
Jupiter
Jupiter received its name in honor of the most powerful ancient Roman god. Not surprisingly, this particular planet can boast of the largest size in the solar system - its radius is almost 70 thousand square kilometers (Earth, for example, has only 6,371 kilometers).
The distance from the Sun allows Jupiter to rotate quite slowly - only 13 kilometers per second. Because of this, it takes the planet almost 12 Earth years to complete a circle!
But the day here is the shortest in our system - 9 hours and 50 minutes. The tilt of the rotation axis here is extremely small - only 3 degrees. For comparison, on our planet this figure is 23 degrees. Because of this, there are no seasons at all on Jupiter. The temperature is always the same, changing only during short days.
Jupiter's eccentricity is quite small - less than 0.05. Therefore, it evenly winds circles strictly around the Sun.
Saturn
This planet is not too inferior to Jupiter in size, being the second largest cosmic body in our solar system. Its radius is 58 thousand kilometers.
The planet's orbital speed, as mentioned above, continues to fall. For Saturn, this figure is only 9.7 kilometers per hour. And it takes a really long distance to travel at such a low speed - the distance to the Sun is almost 9.6 astronomical units. In total, this path takes 29.5 years. But the day is one of the shortest in the system - only 10.5 hours.
The planet's eccentricity is almost the same as that of Jupiter - 0.056. Therefore, the circle turns out to be quite even - perihelion and aphelion differ by only 162 million kilometers. Considering the enormous distance to the Sun, the difference is very small.
Interestingly, Saturn's rings also revolve around the planet. Moreover, the speed outer layers significantly less than domestic ones.
Uranus
Another giant of the solar system. Only Jupiter and Saturn are larger than it. True, Neptune also surpasses it in weight, but this is due to the high density of the core. The average distance to the Sun is truly enormous - as much as 19 astronomical units. He moves quite slowly - he can easily afford it at such a great distance. The planet's orbital speed does not exceed 7 kilometers per hour. Because of this slowness, it takes Uranus as much as 84 Earth years to travel the enormous distance around the Sun! Quite a decent amount of time.
But it rotates around its axis surprisingly quickly - a full revolution is completed in just 18 hours!
An amazing feature of the planet is that it rotates around itself not vertically, but horizontally. In other words, all the other planets in the Solar System rotate while standing at the pole, while Uranus simply rolls along its orbit, as if lying on its side. Scientists explain this by saying that during its formation the planet collided with some large cosmic body, which is why it simply fell on its side. Therefore, although in the generally accepted sense the day here is very short, at the poles the day lasts 42 years, and then the night lasts for the same number of years.
Neptune
The ancient Roman ruler of the seas and oceans gave his proud name to Neptune. It is not for nothing that his trident even became the symbol of the planet. In size, Neptune is the fourth planet in the solar system, only slightly inferior to Uranus - its average radius is 24,600 km versus 25,400.
It is kept at an average distance of 4.5 billion kilometers or 30 astronomical units from the Sun. Therefore, the path it takes while passing through the orbit is truly enormous. And if you consider that the planet’s circular speed is only 5.4 kilometers per second, then it is not surprising that one year here is equivalent to 165 Earth years.
An interesting fact: there is a rather dense atmosphere here (though it consists mainly of methane), and sometimes there are winds of amazing strength. Their speed can reach 2100 kilometers per hour - on Earth, even a single gust of such power would instantly destroy any city, leaving no stone unturned.
Pluto
Finally, the last planet on our list. More precisely, not even a planet, but a planetoid - it was recently removed from the list of planets due to its small size. The average radius is only 1187 kilometers - even our Moon has this figure of 1737 kilometers. Nevertheless, its name is quite formidable - it was appropriated in honor of the god of the underworld of the dead among the ancient Romans.
On average, the distance from Pluto to the Sun is about 32 astronomical units. This allows him to feel safe and move at a speed of only 4.7 kilometers per second - Pluto will still not fall onto a hot star. But to make a full revolution around the Sun with such a huge radius, this tiny planet spends 248 Earth years.
It also rotates very slowly around its axis - it takes 152 Earth hours or more than 6 days.
In addition, the eccentricity is the largest in the Solar System - 0.25. Therefore, the Sun is far from being in the center of the orbit, but is shifted by almost a quarter.
Conclusion
This is where we can end the article. Now you know about the speed of the planets in our solar system, and also learned many other factors. Surely now you understand astronomy much better than before.
Let's continue talking about the basics of astrology. And today we will consider zodiac and planets. The zodiac is the arena of planetary action. The planets move along a narrow strip of the ecliptic. The zodiac circle has clear boundaries. This happens because the rotation of the planets in the solar system and the Moon around the Sun occurs in the same plane and to us, observing this process from the Earth, celestial bodies are seen in a narrow belt of Zodiac signs.
The 12 signs of the Zodiac are equal sections of the ecliptic, 30 degrees each. Let the Sun visible on the celestial sphere be the ecliptic. The movement of all planets in the solar system occurs along the ecliptic.
The zodiac has a beginning - the vernal equinox point (TVP) on March 21, it is the beginning of the sign of Aries.
The point of the summer solstice (SLP), when the day is the longest day of the year in time, corresponds to the beginning of the sign Cancer - 21.06.
The winter solstice point (WSP), when the night is longest and the day is shortest, corresponds to the beginning of the sign Capricorn - December 21.
The vernal equinox point (VEP) is actually now located at the very beginning of the sign of Pisces at the end of Aquarius.
For almost 2000 years, this point walked along the constellation Pisces. The period of time when the vernal equinox occurs in a certain constellation is called the epoch (period) of that constellation. The vernal equinox point gradually shifts along the ecliptic.
TVR gradually moves into the constellation Aquarius, which is why they say that the Age of Aquarius is coming. If the era of Pisces was a symbol of faith and secrets, then the era of Aquarius will become a symbol of the revelation of these secrets.
Aquarius is a symbol of open knowledge, a symbol of astrology. I think everything that was secret in past centuries, behind seven seals, under the heading of secrecy, will become public knowledge and we will be surprised at many things. A full transition to the Age of Aquarius is possible as early as 2017.
As I already mentioned in my articles. Zodiac signs and constellations of the same name are different things, the same as astrology and astronomy.
The circle of constellations and the circle of signs are two different circles independent of each other. The circle of zodiac signs is tied to the seasons and is located within the solar system of the Tropical Zodiac. And the circle of constellations - the Sidereal Zodiac - is located outside the Solar System.
Let's return to our solar system.
The circle of zodiac signs is a circle of longitudes; each sign in this circle corresponds to a section of longitudes of 30 degrees.
The center of our zodiac circle is the Earth, man is the observer. From different signs of the zodiac, energy comes to the earth, differing in quality and properties.
We consider and deal not with the true movement of the luminaries relative to the stars, but with what is visible to us from our planet. The Sun and Moon move in the sky relative to the Earth in one direction. The planets revolve around the Sun, but in their apparent movement in the sky relative to the Earth they follow complex loops and trajectories. At times it seems as if the planets are moving in the opposite direction. This movement is called retrograde (backwards) and their influence on the Earth changes. The Moon and Sun are not retrograde. Direct planets act directly, immediately manifesting themselves in outside world. Retrograde planets act differently and we will discuss what retrograde planets are in the next article, subscribe to.
A planet is a moving body. Therefore, although the Sun is a star, it is also a planet. The stars are fixed luminaries, the planets are moving. Each planet rules a certain sign and can manifest itself most clearly if it is in its own sign (in the picture above you can see which planet rules which sign). All planets move counterclockwise.
In astrology, there are a great many elements of the horoscope: signs, houses, stars, planets, fictitious planets, asteroids, Arabic points, major and minor aspects. If we take into account everything that we have when analyzing the horoscope, then it will be possible to find any events in the horoscope. Each destiny is individual and in order for us to see exactly this individual destiny in the chart, with its karma accumulated in past lives, it is enough to take into account the houses of the horoscope, the 10 planets of the Black Moon and major aspects.
So, when constructing a horoscope, we take into account the 10 main luminaries.
Functions and properties of luminaries.
Planets are divided into internal and external. The inner planets do not move far from the Sun: the Moon, Mercury, Venus and Mars, the maximum deviation of Mercury is 28 degrees, Venus moves away from the Sun at a distance of about 48 degrees no more. The outer planets are Saturn, Uranus, Pluto, Neptune, Jupiter.
Sun - lion characteristic - desire to occupy central position. Describes the center of a person's psyche - his inner self. You can determine how a person sees the world, how he perceives it (through the prism of his sign). Characterizes the waking consciousness, the center of vitality, energy, and human health.
Moon - Cancer - mood, feelings, well-being, receptivity (sensitivity), ability to adapt, tendency to change, parental instinct, ability to show care, attention, calm. Responsible for the subconscious.
Mercury – Virgo, Gemini – reflects a person’s intelligence, rational, organizational abilities, intelligence, intellectual capabilities, contacts, connections, communication skills. Mercury is the planet of interest. Responsible for speech and writing.
Venus - Libra, Taurus - harmony, beauty, sense of beauty, sense of taste, desire for peace and peacefulness, interest in art, accumulation and assimilation, talents, craftsmanship, finances and things, love and friendship.
Mars – Scorpio, Aries – passion (desire to possess) everything strong-willed qualities how energetic a person is (physical strength and energy) aggressiveness, hostility, conflict, determination, courage, enthusiasm, enterprise, inspiration.
Jupiter - Sagittarius, Pisces - going beyond boundaries, the desire to expand opportunities, enriches, gives generosity, optimism, travel, wandering, creativity, science, religion, high ideals, issues of morality and justice.
Saturn - Capricorn, Aquarius - purposeful, ability to plan, reason and logic, ability to concentrate, concentrate, gives depth, foundation. The ability to notice and use, the desire to foresee everything.
Uranus - Aquarius, Capricorn - intuition, foresight, clarification, insight. An informal, extraordinary view of the world tends to extremes, gives a love of freedom and independence. Perseverance.
Neptune - Pisces, Sagittarius - all secrets, fantasies, dreams, dreams. Deception, duality in everything. Endows with subtle sensitivity and psychologism. Compassion, empathy, spirituality, mercy, justice.
Pluto - Aries - self-affirmation and unification, energy, strength, determination, the ability to win sympathy, the desire for popularity, gives abundance. Commander, power.
Periods of luminaries passing through the zodiacal circle.
The moon is the most fast planet in 27 days and 8 hours she goes through the entire zodiac. It stays in one sign for approximately 2.5 days.
Sun - the entire zodiac passes in 1 year. Changes from sign to sign once a month on approximately the 22nd or 23rd.
Mercury and Venus travel through the zodiac in about the same amount as the Sun in 1 year.
Mars moves through the zodiac every year and 10 months.
Jupiter 11 years and 10 months. There is a year in one sign.
Saturn moves through the zodiac for 29.5 years.
Uranus is a slow planet - 84 years.
Neptune - 165 years old.
Pluto is a slow planet and moves through the zodiac for 250 years.
The fictitious luminaries are the Black Moon - the most distant point of the Lunar orbit from the Earth, making a full revolution in 8.85 years (you can find an article about the Black Moon by using the search on the site, or by going to the All blog articles page). The Ascending Lunar Node, the Descending Lunar Node, they are opposite each other at a distance of 180 degrees, the period of passage of the Zodiac is 18.6 years. They move in the direction opposite to the movement of the Sun and Moon. Let us clarify once again: Black Moon and Lunar Nodes These are not luminaries, but special fictitious points in space.
The quality of the luminaries.
In astropsychology it is believed that the Sun, Venus and Jupiter are good planets. The Moon and Mercury are considered neutral planets. Mars, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus, Pluto are considered evil planets by their properties and actions.
Scientists suggest that planet X is moving towards Earth, which is capable of destroying all life. Apparently, this is Nibiru, which experts have been looking for for so long. All the cataclysms that are currently occurring in the world, according to scientists, are the cause of a rapprochement with an unknown planet.
Scientists from the US Geological Survey believe that the giant planet X (Nibiru) actually exists and is already approaching Earth. All recent natural anomalies directly point to tidal forces mysterious planet. IN present moment On Earth, indeed, typhoons, powerful eruptions and earthquakes are often recorded, as well as heavy rains in arid areas where the Sun usually shines brightly.
“Global warming, volcanic eruptions, drought in previously rainy areas and vice versa, rain where there has never been any - these are all indications that the Earth is moving closer to Planet X,” says Dr Trowbridge.
Global climate change heralds the arrival of Nibiru, a planet revolving around our mother star in a very elongated ellipsoidal orbit with a period of 36 thousand years. According to the calculations of some scientists, including Isaac Newton, the Apocalypse will come in 2060 with the arrival of the mysterious ninth planet.
Then the tidal forces of the giant space guest will begin to tear the Earth apart, intensifying volcanic and seismological activity. In addition, Nibiru may bring asteroid rain with it. The magnetosphere of our planet will also be under attack, climatologists conclude.
“The last one, although it hasn’t been discovered yet, is rapidly approaching - I can just feel it getting closer to us,” Trowbridge said. He added that researchers could not identify Nibiru earlier due to the fact that it has a special elongated orbit, and its period of rotation around the Sun is 36 thousand years.
Planet X - Nibiru (Nibiru)
NASA recognized the possibility (in 1982) of the existence of another new planet in the solar system. A year later (1983), NASA launches IRAS (Infrared Artificial Satellite) which detected a very large object. The Washington Post summarized an interview with a scientist from the JPL IRAS program.+
A celestial body possibly larger in size than the giant Jupiter and perhaps as close in size to Earth, may be part of this solar system, was discovered in the direction of the constellation Orion by an orbital telescope.
What is Nibiru?
Firstly, Nibiru is one of many planets orbiting a dark star or Brown Dwarf. This Dark Star has five minor planets, a sixth Earth-sized planet called Homeland, and a seventh planet or object we call Nibiru.
Homeland is in many ways similar to Earth and the place where the Ennanek Giants or Gods of old live there. Nibiru is largely uninhabitable and primarily acts as a battle station or spaceship.
When a dark star is at perihelion (the point of a celestial body's orbit closest to the Sun) at 60 or 70 par., the orbit of Nibiru, which is at 60 par. from its star, has an orbit large enough to pass through our solar system, usually close to the orbit of Jupiter, but this can change.+
The orbital inclination of Nibiru is about 30 degrees to the plane of motion of our Sun or the ecliptic. Since Nibiru passes through our solar system, moving in the opposite direction to other planets, it sometimes displaces the orbit of the planet, being the main reason for causing destruction.+
Its passage has a great impact, but is fleeting and takes only a few weeks or months; in most cases it disappears from view. The planet Nibiru is fiery red in color, with a trail of fragments and several satellites flying around it.+
Nibiru or its moons are responsible for events such as the destruction of Maldek, which is now an asteroid belt. It is also the cause of craters or surface cracks on the Moon and the planets of our solar system, as well as changes in their inclination axis and orbits. She is the culprit behind the disappearance of Atlantis and the endless floods. She is the link between our solar system and the system of a dark star or star - Brown Dwarf.
Nibiru was known as the winged (or horned) disc in the earthly past of humans.
Fact: Once Nibiru entered the solar system, it quickly accelerated below the ecliptic, passing behind and below the sun before returning to pass below the sun at an angle of 33 degrees. NASA is now observing Nibiru using a new S.P.T. (South Pole Telescope Area) telescope at the south pole.
For the first time, people will be able to see Nibiru every day since May 15, 2009 as a faint reddish object. It will move directly along the earth's orbit. This means that until 2009, the only way to see it was in the southern hemisphere of the Earth.+
By May 2011 it will be visible to all people on the planet with the naked eye. On December 21, 2012, Nibiru will pass through the planet's ecliptic as a bright red star and will look like a second sun the size of the sun. There will be earthquakes and bad weather will begin.
But the worst, however, will come on February 14, 2013, the Earth will pass between Nibiru and the Sun. The poles will move and the planet's tilt will change! Great changes on Earth, powerful earthquakes and powerful tsunamis will take place around the world!
After July 1, 2014, Nibiru will no longer terrorize our world and will move away from our part of the galaxy. NASA knows about Nibiru, but in order not to cause panic, they hide the truth from people!+
NASA's knowledgeable man, D.o.D. - national military intelligence, S.E.T.I., and the CIA admit that 2/3 of the planet's population will die during the pole change from the passage of Nibiru.+
Another 2/3 of those who survive will initially face hunger and death within 6 months!
The most secretive US government agency is well aware of what to expect and prepare for it. The Vatican has the same information. The population will not be warned and will not be given a chance to prepare!+
The amount of information coming in from knowledgeable people, observatories and the Vatican is flowing in a wide stream. Most important story on Earth in 3000 years is rapidly freeing itself from the shackles of the rulers of the financial markets.+
So there is still time to prepare for this disaster. Anyway, we should see this red planet in blue sky Earth. We'll keep an eye on this new possible disaster and keep everyone in the thick of things.
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Already in May, earthlings will see celestial body, which in 2012 can change the fate of our civilization.
The ancient prophecy about the “red star”, whose approach to the Earth brings global changes, turned out to be a reality - in just a few weeks the approaching red dot can be seen in the sky.
This is the legendary Nibiru, “X-planet”, “planet of the devil”.
At intervals of 3,600 years, it flies in its orbit near the Earth, causing floods, earthquakes and other disasters that each time change the course of civilization.
“Nibiru is like a ghost from ancient predictions,” says Muscovite Yulia Sumik, a researcher of this planet. – The Mayan priests, the ancient Sumerians, and the astrologers of the Egyptian pharaohs wrote about it. But for modern astronomers, Nibiru became a discovery; they began to study it only recently...
While scientists equipped with the most modern technology, collecting information about an unknown guest, Nibiru is inexorably moving towards Earth.
Forecast
Nibiru, one of the most mysterious objects in space, to the inhabitants Southern Hemisphere The Earth will be visible as a red dot on May 15, 2009. And by May 2011 it will be seen in Severny, it will grow in size. On December 21, 2012, Nibiru will look like the second largest Sun. But red, bloody...
American scientist and writer Alan Alford claims that a highly developed civilization has existed on the planet Nibiru for 300 thousand years. Astronaut Edgar Mitchell, who visited the moon, also states: “Aliens exist.”
“I believe that there is life outside our planet, and I ask the government to declassify all information collected in this regard,” he said in an interview with a journalist from “Life.”
Scientists suggest that the influence of the “devil’s planet” will be unkind: on February 14, 2013, when the Earth passes between Nibiru and the Sun, a global cataclysm is possible. Magnetic poles will move, and the tilt of our planet will change! Strong earthquakes and powerful tsunamis will bring disaster to many continents, and above all America. But after July 1, 2014, Nibiru will move away from the Earth in its orbit.
Powerful telescopes recorded the planet Nibiru for the first time in 1983. Then American scientists Thomas Van Flanderns and Richard Harrington stated that the planet has a highly elongated elliptical orbit. Its mass ranges from 2 to 5 Earth masses, its distance from the Sun is about 14 billion kilometers.
Antiquity
It turned out. what about this mystical space object was known thousands of years ago. In ancient legends, the planet that brings misfortune to the Earth is described as a “second Sun” - “luminous”, “brilliant”, “with a shining crown”. Our ancestors considered Nibiru “the ship on which the Gods live.” The motion parameters of the planet Nibiru are so amazing that many astronomers are inclined to consider it to be artificially created and controlled by a giant spacecraft.
Sun
“The Earth is experiencing the end of the era of the “fifth Sun,” explains Yulia Sumik. – According to the Mayan calendar, the end of the “fifth Sun” dates back to 2012. According to Mayan astrological charts, the “first Sun” lasted 4008 years and was destroyed by earthquakes. The “Second Sun” lasted 4010 years and was destroyed by hurricanes. The “Third Sun” lasted 4081 years and fell under the fiery rain that poured out of the craters of huge volcanoes. The "Fourth Sun" lasted 5,026 years, and then the flood happened. We are now living on the eve of the fifth era of creation, or the “fifth Sun,” also known as the “Solar Movement.” The Mayans believed that at the end of the 5126 year cycle there would be some movement of the Earth, which would entail a change in civilization.
This Mayan legend is defended not only by observations of the heavens, but also by much more “mundane” evidence - objects found by archaeologists.
The Sumerians not only have written texts, confirming the existence of Nibiru, but also numerous images of a round disk with two large wings. This symbol - the winged disk - was revered by the Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians and many other peoples for thousands of years. The ancient sages believed that it was from such a device that the inhabitants of Nibiru first arrived on Earth 450,000 years ago. One Sumerian seal, located in the vaults of the British Museum, depicts deities holding in their hands “cords” extending from the Sun. The priests thereby reported that the aliens saved life on Earth by “bridling” the capricious star. The Sumerians called their teachers “guardians of the Sun,” and the “cords” were divine threads that covered the entire Earth with a web. Let's believe that they will save our world this time too...
Source - http://www.topnews.ru/media_id_5808.html
Surely, many of you have seen a gif or watched a video showing the movement of the solar system.
Video clip, released in 2012, went viral and created a lot of buzz. I came across it shortly after its appearance, when I knew much less about space than I do now. And what confused me most of all was the perpendicularity of the plane of the planets’ orbits to the direction of motion. Not that it is impossible, but the solar system can move at any angle to the galactic plane. You may ask why remember a long time ago forgotten stories? The fact is that right now, if desired and in good weather, everyone can see in the sky the real angle between the planes of the ecliptic and the Galaxy.
Checking the scientists
Astronomy says that the angle between the planes of the ecliptic and the Galaxy is 63°.
But the figure itself is boring, and even now, when adherents are organizing a coven on the sidelines of science flat earth, I would like to have a simple and clear illustration. Let's think about how we can see the planes of the Galaxy and the ecliptic in the sky, preferably with the naked eye and without moving too far from the city? The plane of the Galaxy is Milky Way, but now, with the abundance of light pollution, it is not so easy to see. Is there some line approximately close to the plane of the Galaxy? Yes - this is the constellation Cygnus. It is clearly visible even in the city, and it is easy to find it based on bright stars: Deneb (alpha Cygnus), Vega (alpha Lyra) and Altair (alpha Eagle). The “torso” of Cygnus roughly coincides with the galactic plane.
Okay, we have one plane. But how to get a visual ecliptic line? Let's think about what the ecliptic actually is? According to the modern strict definition, the ecliptic is a section celestial sphere orbital plane of the Earth-Moon barycenter (center of mass). On average, the Sun moves along the ecliptic, but we do not have two Suns along which it is convenient to draw a line, and the constellation Cygnus will not be visible in sunlight. But if we remember that the planets of the Solar System also move in approximately the same plane, then it turns out that the parade of planets will approximately show us the plane of the ecliptic. And now in the morning sky you can just see Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
As a result, in the coming weeks in the morning before sunrise it will be possible to very clearly see the following picture:
Which, surprisingly, agrees perfectly with astronomy textbooks.
It’s more correct to draw a gif like this:
Source: astronomer Rhys Taylor website rhysy.net
The question may be about the relative position of the planes. Are we flying?<-/ или же <-\ (если смотреть с внешней стороны Галактики, северный полюс вверху)? Астрономия говорит, что Солнечная система движется относительно ближайших звезд в направлении созвездия Геркулеса, в точку, расположенную недалеко от Веги и Альбирео (бета Лебедя), то есть правильное положение <-/.
But this fact, alas, cannot be verified by hand, because even though they did it two hundred and thirty-five years ago, they used the results of many years of astronomical observations and mathematics.
Scattering stars
How can one even determine where the solar system is moving relative to nearby stars? If we can record the movement of a star across the celestial sphere for decades, then the direction of movement of several stars will tell us where we are moving relative to them. Let's call the point to which we are moving the apex. Stars that are close to it, as well as from the opposite point (antiapex), will move weakly because they are flying towards us or away from us. And the farther the star is from the apex and antiapex, the greater its own motion will be. Imagine that you are driving along the road. Traffic lights at intersections ahead and behind will not move too much to the sides. But the lampposts along the road will still flicker (have a lot of their own movement) outside the window.
The gif shows the movement of Barnard's star, which has the largest proper motion. Already in the 18th century, astronomers had records of the positions of stars over an interval of 40-50 years, which made it possible to determine the direction of movement of slower stars. Then the English astronomer William Herschel took star catalogs and, without going to the telescope, began to calculate. Already the first calculations using the Mayer catalog showed that the stars do not move chaotically, and the apex can be determined.
Source: Hoskin, M. Herschel's Determination of the Solar Apex, Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 11, P. 153, 1980
And with the data from the Lalande catalogue, the area was significantly reduced.
From there
Next came normal scientific work - clarification of data, calculations, disputes, but Herschel used the correct principle and was mistaken by only ten degrees. Information is still being collected, for example, just thirty years ago the speed of movement was reduced from 20 to 13 km/s. Important: this speed should not be confused with the speed of the solar system and other nearby stars relative to the center of the Galaxy, which is approximately 220 km/s.
Even further
Well, since we mentioned the speed of movement relative to the center of the Galaxy, we need to figure it out here too. The galactic north pole was chosen in the same way as the earth's - arbitrarily by convention. It is located near the star Arcturus (alpha Boötes), approximately up the wing of the constellation Cygnus. In general, the projection of constellations on the Galaxy map looks like this:
Those. The solar system moves relative to the center of the Galaxy in the direction of the constellation Cygnus, and relative to local stars in the direction of the constellation Hercules, at an angle of 63° to the galactic plane,<-/, если смотреть с внешней стороны Галактики, северный полюс сверху.
