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Republic of Korea or South Korea, consists of the southern part of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia and many islands located off the western and southern coasts. On the biggest island South Korea- Jeju is also the most high mountain countries measuring 1,950 meters (6,398 feet). The country's terrain is mountainous. The main demographic and industrial centers are located in the northwest (Seoul-Incheon region) and southeast of the country.

It has been established that Koreans descended from the Mongolian race. Periods of occupation also added Chinese and Japanese blood to the country's gene pool. But, despite all the borrowings from other cultures, Koreans have retained their language, culture and customs. The Korean language belongs to the Ural-Altaic family of languages, which also includes Turkish and Mongolian dialects. Although the Korean language contains many words borrowed from Chinese, structurally the two languages ​​are very different. Linguistically, the Korean language is rather closer to Japanese.

South Korea in general is often called the “land of opposites” - it combines ancient Eastern traditions, age-old wisdom of many generations and the most modern achievements of science and technology. So, being in the center of Seoul, you can easily experience the country's 5,000-year history through colorful palaces and temples, while South Korea remains a rapidly developing country in terms of industry, trade and commerce.

The best regions, cities and resorts of Korea

Although South Korea is a small country, it has something to see for tourists from every corner of the world. One of the 7 new natural wonders of South Korea is considered an island that all visitors strive to visit, but the surrounding sea waters are full of equally interesting islands with breathtaking scenery and rich fishing opportunities.

Gangwon Province is famous for its pristine nature and national parks, of which rocky Seoraksan is the most visited. Also, while in South Korea, you can go to pristine beaches and visit the mysterious caves that surround the small town of Samcheok.

Everything in this country is interesting and colorful - shopping centers and markets, ancient palaces and Imperial gardens, numerous provinces and islands. However, if you try to visit one local island per day, it can take more than nine years (South Korea has 3,358 officially designated islands along its entire coastline).

Tourists are curious about the demilitarization zone of Korea, the folklore of the villages of Andong and Hahoe, the national museum and historical sites of Gyeongju Province and much more. After all, South Korea is a place where tradition and modernity coexist, respect for the culture and history of the country, worship of the heritage of ancestors and a thirst for constant development.

A popular place to visit is the Korean Village. Visiting it is an opportunity for a unique insight into the past. Here are fully functioning houses of farmers, nobles, and reconstructed houses from every province in Korea. It is home to a community of blacksmiths, potters, weavers and many other artisans who continue to live...

Video from Korea

How to get to Korea?

Unable to travel to Korea by road or rail, the vast majority of travelers arrive at the glittering Incheon International Airport; which is often referred to as "Seoul Incheon" on international flights. The country's two largest airlines are Korean Air and Asiana, which operate direct flights to a number of destinations around the world. Seoul is increasingly being offered as a stopover for trips around the world, and South Korea itself is served by dozens of international carriers. Fares increase during the summer months and at Christmas. An exit tax applies when leaving Korea, but it will almost certainly be factored into the ticket price.

The only way to get to South Korea by sea- leave China and Japan. A number of Chinese ports from which ferries operate serve Incheon, and Japanese carriers offer sea delivery to Busan. Those arriving by ferry will be rewarded with stunning panoramas of the Korean coastline around Incheon.

Although South Korea is part of Eurasia, and is technically connected to the rest of it by rail, the presence of a demilitarization zone (DMZ) and North Korean customs means that the country is currently inaccessible by land. However, if you're heading to or from China or Japan, you can use a combination train and ferry ticket, which offers significant discounts.

vaccinations: Tourists do not need to be vaccinated.

How to comfortably move around Korea?

traffic: car rental: Taxi: The most popular type of transport. Seoul taxis are divided into regular and luxury. A regular taxi charges 1,000 won (a little more than a dollar) for boarding and the first 2 kilometers, then 100 won for 400 meters. From midnight to 4.00 - 20% extra charge.

buses: You can get to any city in the country by intercity buses.

hitch-hiking: airports: Incheon International Airport. The airport is located very close to the border with North Korea - only 40 km. This revealed the cunning idea of ​​the South Koreans: on the one hand, the location for the airport was, of course, not chosen by chance; such proximity to the most strategically important transport hub in South Korea was supposed to demonstrate a level of trust to North Korea and become a kind of sign of friendship.

airlines: railway: The national railway company provides passenger services between the main cities of the country.

ports: Marine passenger ships ply between cities located on the coast.
Sea cruises are one of the most interesting ways to travel around Korea. Ferries connect waterways Busan and Jeju-do, Mokpo and Hongdo, Pohang and Ulleungdo.

Where is the best place to stay when traveling around Korea?

Korean hotels are divided into classes - super deluxe, first class, second class and third class. Connoisseurs of comfortable accommodation in South Korea, of course, are offered expensive hotels that can be found in all cities and major tourist areas of the country - in every major...

Climate in Korea

When traveling around Korea, you need to take into account the distinctive features of the local weather conditions. Thus, winters here can be especially harsh, summers can be filled with heavy rains, and spring and autumn sometimes amaze with yellow dust storms that fly from all over the Yellow Sea. The weather can sometimes seem apocalyptic, but Koreans deal with it simply by wearing the right clothes.

Plan your trip to Korea according to seasonal changes, and this country will not disappoint you. Korea's climate is colder than most countries located along the 38th parallel. Like most countries in the northern hemisphere, it has four seasons, with colder weather in December and January and warmer weather in June and July. Naturally, cities in the north such as Seoul and Incheon have climates that are several degrees cooler than cities in the south such as Busan.

In contrast, Jeju Island in the southern Korean Peninsula has a subtropical climate. Here, as a rule, it is always 5-10 degrees warmer than in the mainland. Winters in Korea are long, dry and very cold, with regular snowfall and average temperatures of a minimum of 14 degrees Fahrenheit in January. Summers are usually warm, humid and rainy. Most tourists prefer milder weather and visit South Korea in spring and autumn, when rainfall is lower and temperatures are comfortable and pleasant. The rainy season in Korea is called changma and lasts from July to August. This is typhoon season, which can bring severe storms and cause serious flooding. Seasonal yellow dust appears in South Korea in spring and autumn. The dust comes from Mongolia and China, from the Gobi Desert during seasonal winds and hangs in the air for several days. During this time, Koreans wear surgical masks when going outside to protect themselves from dust.

National cuisine of Korea

Korean food is one of the healthiest on earth, with the main emphasis being on vegetables, rice, meat and spices. Dishes are usually prepared quite quickly, simply and without a lot of oil, but with a generous addition of kimchi, beloved by Koreans. Most of the food that exists in Korea today comes from royal and traditional cuisines.

The food is usually a harmonious combination of fresh ingredients, just the right temperature and spices. The cornerstone of Korean food is rice, which is the basis of almost every meal, although sometimes it is replaced by noodles (though also rice noodles). Since Korea is a peninsula, seafood is also very popular here.

Beginning with a ritual bowl of rice and soup, the main meal is built around numerous side dishes. The number of side dishes can vary from two to a dozen or more, but daily meals will include at least some of them. All dishes are served at once - for example, a Korean banquet consists of many dishes prepared in various ways, including steamed, simmered, fried and stewed, and sometimes served raw.

Tourist safety in Korea

South Korea is one of the safest countries for tourists, however, there are nuances that should be taken into account when traveling:

Typhoon season in South Korea usually lasts from June to November. Visitors to the country should monitor the progress of approaching storms and follow the instructions of the authorities;

Dust pollution is quite common in South Korea during the spring months. When dust particle levels are high, residents and visitors are advised to stay indoors as much as possible, close windows and drink plenty of water. This is especially important for older people and people with respiratory problems;

If you want to enter North Korea from South Korea, you will need a special permit.

South Korean authorities sometimes conduct nationwide civil emergency drills. At this time, sirens sound everywhere, transport stops, and people take refuge in metro stations or basements.

History of Korea

According to Korean legend, God King Tangun founded the Korean nation in British Columbia back in 2333 BC. By the first century AD, the Korean Peninsula was divided into the kingdoms of Silla, Goguryeo, and Baekje. The Kingdom of Silla unified the peninsula in 668 AD. ...

South Korea: souvenirs

The best way remembering a place means buying memorable souvenirs. When visiting South Korea, you can find many interesting items to purchase that will remind you of your trip for a long time. People usually bring from Korea local porcelain, leather goods, paper fans and lanterns, calligraphic...

South Korea: fun facts

• Like many Asian countries, South Korea uses solar and lunar calendars and celebrates holidays based on both systems.
• The country uses the same time zone and is 9 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, the same as Japan.

• Most Koreans work Monday to Friday and then half a day on Saturday morning. Regular business hours are 9:00-6:00 during the week and 9:00-1:00 on Saturday.
• During national holidays, government offices and most businesses are closed, although many private shops and large department stores may remain open. The exceptions are the 3-day Lunar New Year (Seol-NAL) and Harvest Moon Festival (Chuseok) holidays, when almost everything except public transport is switched off.
• Although most people prefer Western clothing (suits and jeans), the national costume, hanbok, is still worn by many during national holidays.
  White clothing is preferred on a daily basis, while colored clothing is reserved for the upper class or for festive occasions.

Republic of Korea.

The name comes from an ethnonym used in the X-XIV centuries.

Capital of South Korea. Seoul.

Area of ​​South Korea. 99274 km2.

Population of South Korea. 47,904 thousand people

Location of South Korea. South Korea is a country in the northeast, occupying the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. In the north it borders with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, in the east it is washed by the Korean Strait in the south and southeast, and in the west. South Korea also owns several islands, the largest of which are Jeju, Jedo and Kojedo.

Administrative divisions of South Korea. 9 provinces and 5 cities under central jurisdiction.

Form of government of South Korea. Republic.

Head of State of South Korea. President.

Supreme legislative body of South Korea. Unicameral Parliament (National Assembly).

Supreme executive body of South Korea. State Council.

Major cities in South Korea. Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju.

State language South Korea. Korean.

Religion of South Korea. 47% of Koreans profess Christianity, 48%, and Confucianism 3%.

Ethnic composition of South Korea. 99.9% are Koreans.

Currency of South Korea. Won = 100 jeongam.

Climate of South Korea. continental, with cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers. The temperature in January ranges from - 21 °C in the north to + 4 °C in the south, in July - from + 22 °C to + 26 °C, respectively. Precipitation ranges from 900 mm to 1500 mm per year.

Flora of South Korea. Approximately 2/3 of the territory (usually in the mountains) is covered with mixed coniferous and deciduous trees (pine, maple, spruce, poplar, elm, aspen). Located above. Coastal regions are characterized by bamboo, evergreen oak and laurel.

Fauna of South Korea. Leopards, tigers, lynxes and bears that previously lived in the country have practically disappeared due to poaching.

and lakes of South Korea. The main rivers are the Naktong and Hangan.

Sights of South Korea. National Museum, National Science Museum, medieval palaces of Gongbok, Kunbok, Changbok, Daksu, catholic cathedral, zoo and botanical garden, five-story wooden pagoda. Pusak is known as a major seaside resort.

Useful information for tourists

The traditional system of hierarchy and respect for elders is still of great importance in all walks of life. Direct questions about age and marital status are considered commonplace, as they allow the Korean to get an idea about the interlocutor and his place in life. hierarchical system society. Koreans avoid expressing emotions in public or laughing loudly in front of older people. Greetings are always pronounced with a slight bow, the depth of which depends on the position of the speakers. When meeting, they give and shake both the right and left hand, although preference is given to the right - the left hand is placed under the right. Failure to comply with this rule may be considered impolite. More common is a simple nod of the head, as well as a slight or respectful bow (depending on who is greeting whom). Usually they don’t look directly into the eyes - it is perceived, rather, as a threat or an attempt to exert psychological influence. Here they almost never say “thank you” or “you’re welcome”, so as not to embarrass the person doing the favor. When gifts are brought, they are quietly left at the entrance, rather than shown to the person for whom they are intended. No one will also apologize if they accidentally push someone they meet on the street or step on someone’s foot. Public displays of affection, such as kissing and hugging, are considered obscene.

They don’t start eating at the table until the oldest person arrives, and everyone stands up when he leaves the table.

You should not leave chopsticks in the rice during a meal, as this is associated with funerals. You cannot write names in red ink - this is how the names of the dead are written. Traditionally, Koreans sit, eat and sleep on the floor.

Therefore, when entering a Korean home, you must always take off your shoes. You cannot stand on the threshold to prevent evil spirits from entering. You cannot talk about divorce, death or ruin even as a joke, so as not to incur evil fate on yourself. It is considered rude to be bare-legged in the presence of elders, so it is recommended to always wear socks or stockings when visiting a Korean family.

Tips are not accepted in restaurants; payment is made not with the waiter, but at the cash register, which is located at the exit. There is usually no menu as such in Korean restaurants; all names of dishes and their prices are indicated on special table which hangs on the wall. Tipping is only given in large international hotels.

In elevators of multi-story buildings there is no fourth floor (the word “sa” - “fourth” sounds the same as “death”), so it is usually designated by the letter “F” or the third is immediately followed by the fifth floor.

In the east northern hemisphere The Korean Peninsula is located, washed on the east by the Sea of ​​Japan, and on the west by the Yellow Sea. The Korea Strait is located in the south and southeast. There are now two states on this peninsula - the Democratic Republic of Korea, often called South Korea, and communist North Korea. There is a demilitarized zone along the border between these countries. IN present moment it is a tourist attraction, and anyone can visit by booking an appropriate excursion, but only because the North is a rather closed country. The area of ​​South Korea in 2018 is about 100,210 square meters. km

Climate

The climate in the southern part of the peninsula is moderately warm. In winter, near the border with North Korea, the temperature does not drop below -10℃, and during the day it stays slightly above 0℃. In the summer, in July and August, the rainy season begins in South Korea. The temperature during the day reaches more than +30℃. Thanks to the mild winter and warm, damp climate, the entire area of ​​the peninsula is covered with lush vegetation. On the southern coast there are no negative temperatures at all. And in summer it is very hot and humid.

Vegetation

There are many small lakes and mountain streams that look very picturesque among the low mountains and lush vegetation. In spring, beautiful camellias with bright red flowers, luxurious rhododendrons bloom, and all the trees are entwined with wild Amur grapes and actinidia. In summer, lush subtropical and tropical vegetation delights the eye. Autumn is all colored with gold and crimson colors of maples and lindens. In winter, firs and spruces shine with snowy silver in the north of the country. On the coast, evergreens make people happy all year round.

Animal world

Just like in the vegetation, in the fauna of South Korea there is a mixture of both taiga and subtropical animals. In wild places you can meet bears, wild cats, wolves, sables and even the Ussuri tiger. Raccoon dogs live near the water, and moose and red deer live in the broad-leaved forests. Mountain antelopes live in the mountains, far from human habitation, and bright ducks - mandarin ducks - swim in the lakes.

Population

As of 2018, it is about 47 million people; compared to the expanses of Russia, the population density per unit area is many times higher: in Russia it is 8 people per sq. km, and in South Korea it is more than 500. They live mainly in cities, which are evenly distributed throughout the country. The largest city, Seoul, is the capital of the state.
Here is a list of the most major cities South Korea:
1. Seoul - 10.5 million inhabitants;
2. Busan - 3.54 million inhabitants;
3. Incheon - 2.71 million inhabitants;
4. Daegu - 2.49 million inhabitants;
5. Daejeon - 1.48 million inhabitants;
6. Gwangju - 1.43 million inhabitants.

Economy

The economy of South Korea can be classified as developed. There are few mineral resources in the depths of the peninsula, including rare earths, so the main industries are such high-tech industries as
ü Electronics;
ü Automotive industry;
ü Metallurgy;
ü Shipbuilding.
Rural industry is also developed in South Korea. The country grows cotton, barley and of course rice. Almost all the valleys are occupied by fields of rice, cotton and orchards.

Story

The history of South Korea begins in 1945, when Soviet Union and the United States agreed to divide spheres of influence. But three more years new country lasted transition period. And finally, on August 15, 1948, the First Republic was formed in the country. Now the Sixth Republic has ruled since 1992. It is considered democratic. This division is quite arbitrary and distinguishes between the boards of parties of a democratic or authoritarian nature. Each subsequent government overthrew the previous one through revolution.

Attractions

Most of the attractions are concentrated in its capital, Seoul. This ancient Asian city was founded before our era. The city itself is located on the Han River and is located in the northwestern part of the country. Seoul has a special status and is divided into 25 self-government districts.

Seoul is a city with a rich history, beautiful ancient buildings and modern infrastructure. A week is not enough to see all the sights.

Coastal resorts

South Korea is surrounded by water on all three sides. The coastline is very indented, and there are many small islands near the shore. Beautiful beaches and comfortable temperatures attract tourists from all over the world. The most famous beach is Jeju Island. This island has a wide variety of beaches and colorful sand. There are places with black volcanic sand, and you can also find beaches with snow-white sand. The tourism infrastructure is very developed. Luxurious hotels with excellent service have been built along the entire coast. Where you can have a wonderful rest.

Come to this wonderful country yourself, see its wonders, admire the beautiful landscapes. You'll like it.

The capital is Seoul. Population – 46.9 million people (1999). Population density – 476 people per 1 sq. km. Urban population – 76%, rural – 24%. Area – 98.5 thousand square meters. km. The highest point is Mount Hallasan (1950 m). Official language– Korean. Main religions: Buddhism, Confucianism, Wonbulgyo (or Wonbuddhism), Cheondogyo, Christianity. Administrative division: 9 provinces and 2 municipalities. Currency: RK won = 100 hwan. National holiday: Independence Day – August 15. National anthem: Song about the Motherland.

In 2011, the country's population was estimated at 48 million 754 thousand 657 people. Population growth rate–
0.23% (2011). Birth rate – 8.55 / 1,000 (2011). The infant mortality rate is 4.16 deaths per 1000 births. Life expectancy – 79.05; men – 75.84 years; women – 82.49 years (2011). Urban population: 83% of total number population (2010).

Population in most major cities countries: Seoul – 9,778,000 people; Busan (Busan) - 3,439,000 people; Incheon (Chemulpo) 2,572,000 people; Daegu (Daegu) 2,458,000 people; Daejeon (Daejeon) 1,497,000 people (2009).

Economy

Since the 1960s, South Korea has made incredible strides in building a high-tech industrial economy. Forty years ago, GDP per capita was comparable to levels in the poorest countries in Africa and Asia. Currently, the country has one of the 20 largest economies in the world.

GDP, which contracted by 6.9% in 1998 due to the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998, recovered to 9% in 1999–2000. Korea has held numerous economic reforms after the crisis, including becoming more open to foreign investment and imports.

With the global economic downturn at the end of 2008, GDP growth slowed to 0.2% in 2009. In the third quarter of 2009, the economy began to recover, largely due to export growth, low interest rates and expansionary fiscal policy, and in 2010 GDP growth exceeded 6%.
Long-term problems for the South Korean economy include a rapidly aging population, an inflexible labor market, and an over-reliance on manufacturing exports.

GDP per capita was $30,000 (2010). In 2008 and 2009, this figure was $28,400 and $28,300, respectively.

GDP by economic sector: agriculture – 2.6%; industry – 39.3%; service sector – 58.2% (2010).

Division of Korea.

IN Cairo Declaration 1943 The US, UK and China declared that in the future, "Korea will be free and independent." The US and USSR agreed that Korea would be divided along the 38th parallel into northern and southern zones in order to more effectively surrender the Japanese army. In August 1945, Soviet troops entered Korea. American forces landed in southern Korea in September 1945.

A joint Soviet-American commission that met in Seoul in March 1946 to discuss the details of the formation of a provisional government for all of Korea was unable to reach an agreement that would suit both sides. The second round of meetings of this commission in 1947 also did not bring results. In September 1947, the United States raised the issue of Korean independence before the UN General Assembly, which adopted a resolution to hold elections in the country under UN supervision. However, the Soviet side refused to allow UN representatives into North Korean territory, so the elections on May 10, 1948 took place only in the South. The American military administration ceased to carry out its functions on August 15, 1948, when the Republic of Korea (ROK) was proclaimed, with Syngman Rhee becoming its first president.

Administration of North Korea was handed over to the Korean communists, and a Provisional Government was formed in early 1946. After elections to the highest legislative body on September 9, 1948, the creation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) was announced, headed by Prime Minister Kim Il Sung. Establishing a new mode and output Soviet troops led to the rapid formation of North Korean military units. In the South, the development of armed forces proceeded more slowly. Difficulties were caused by a military mutiny in October 1948, raised on a wave of popular discontent and supported by the pro-communist opposition. Evacuation American army ended in June 1949. The following year, North and South Korea began strengthening their military potential.

In May 1950, elections to the South Korean parliament were held. Although far-left parties were outlawed, many radicals stood on their own as independent candidates and won 60% of parliamentary seats. Syngman Rhee's government responded with repression, forcing many newly elected members of parliament to flee to North Korea.

War in Korea.

On June 25, 1950, fierce fighting began along the entire demarcation line. It soon became obvious that the North Korean army was superior to its enemy. A full-scale North Korean offensive led to the fall of Seoul on the fifth day of the war. Meanwhile, at an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, North Korea was condemned as an aggressor and ordered to withdraw its troops. When this call was ignored, US President Harry Truman ordered US military units to join the combat operations; The British government did the same.
UN troops (consisting of units of South Korea, the USA, the states of the British Commonwealth and other countries) launched a counter-offensive, and already in November they managed to reach the Amnokkan River line. The Chinese army moved to the aid of the North Koreans, and the armed forces acting on behalf of the UN were pushed south. Eventually, after heavy fighting, the line of fire returned to the 38th Parallel and remained stable for two years while peace was negotiated. The armistice agreement was formally concluded on July 27, 1953.

The war brought untold disasters to the Korean people. In addition to the huge losses among the civilian population, the number of killed and wounded in the UN troops, according to the command, amounted to almost 350 thousand, and in the North Korean army exceeded 1.5 million people.

Republic of Korea after 1953.

War-weary South Korea's first task was to revive its economy. Assistance from the UN and the United States made it possible within several years to raise the economy and create a number of new industries.

Elections in March 1960 provoked unrest in Masan, which spread throughout the country. On April 26, after American officials condemned the brutality of South Korean authorities, Syngman Rhee resigned. The Democratic Party under the leadership of Chan Myung (John M. Chan) won the new elections. In May 1961, the government of Chang Myung was overthrown by a military junta headed by General Park Chung-hee.

Under Chung Hee Park, a consolidated program for 1962–1966 and five-year plans for 1967–1971, 1972–1976 and 1977–1981 were developed. As a result, it was possible to achieve sustainable economic growth and overcome dependence on foreign aid. Real national income per capita increased by 240% between 1961 and 1978. The country's development accelerated the mass migration of villagers to cities, especially Seoul and Busan.

In 1961, the government of Park Chung Hee announced that civilian rule would be restored after the general elections of 1963. The revised text of the constitution was submitted to a national referendum and received approval in December 1962. On January 1, 1963, the activities of political parties were again allowed in the country. The elections on October 16, 1963 were won by Park Chung-hee, who was also re-elected in 1967.

In 1972, Park Chung Hee declared a state of emergency and announced his intention to make the constitution “viable” in order to “strengthen national security.” The purpose of the changes was to strengthen presidential power through legislative bodies and the electorate. In December 1972, Park assumed the presidency for the fourth time and was re-elected again in December 1978. Based on the 1972 emergency decree, the president sharply limited political activity in the country.

In 1979, inflation, economic problems in a number of sectors of the economy and population discontent caused new unrest. In October, the government suppressed protests in Busan and Masan. A week later, Park Chung-hee was assassinated by the head of the Korean Central Security Agency. In 1980, following a nationwide demonstration by students demanding democratization of political life, General Chung Doohwan extended a state of emergency to the entire territory of South Korea. Resistance to the general's actions resulted in a student rebellion in Gwangju. Troops stormed the city, killing hundreds of residents and arresting thousands in further reprisals. In August 1980, Chung Doohwan was elected President of Korea. A new constitution was promulgated in October, and the state of emergency was lifted in January 1981. In February, Chung Dukwan was re-elected, and the Democratic Justice Party, led by him, won a majority of seats in parliament in March 1981.

At the beginning of 1987, in connection with the death of one of the students who was subjected to police torture, a wave of demonstrations and then strikes arose. Unwilling to risk canceling the 1988 Seoul Olympics, the government combined violent action with promises of change. The once repressed opposition leader Kim Daejung was restored to political rights. A draft of a new constitution was developed that provided for direct presidential elections. In the 1987 elections, the opposition nominated three candidates. The candidate of the Democratic Justice Party (DPS), Roh Dae Woo (No Thaew), won, with 37% of the vote. The new constitution came into force in February 1988.

The 1987 presidential election marked the beginning of truly multi-party democracy in South Korea. The most influential parties were the DPS, the Democratic Party for Reunification (DPR), and the Peace and Democracy Party (PMD). In the National Assembly, elected in April 1988, the majority of seats were won by the DPS (124 out of 299), the PMD (71) and the DPV (59).

The new government promised to expand the autonomy of universities, allow the creation of student organizations, liberalize press laws and make it easier for citizens to travel abroad. In the summer of 1988, thousands of students took part in demonstrations demanding the unification of Korea and the withdrawal of American troops. In October 1988, the 24th Olympic Games took place in Seoul. In November, authorities agreed to the formation of new unions that gained collective bargaining rights and announced the abolition of compulsory military training for university students.

In 1989, peasants held mass demonstrations in Seoul, students resumed anti-government protests in factories and railways ah, the strikes started. In 1990, the Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) received more than 2/3 of the parliamentary seats in the National Assembly.
In the elections to the National Assembly in March 1992, the majority of parliamentary seats were won by the DLP, the Democratic Party (DP) and the United People's Party (UNP). In the presidential elections in December 1992, the DLP nominated Kim Yonsam (from the DLP), Kim Daejun (from the DP) and Chung Juyeon (from the UNP). Kim Yonsam won with 42% of the votes. He became the first civilian president of South Korea after 32 years of military rule.

In the foreign policy sphere, the dialogue with North Korea that began in 1985 was especially important. Full-scale diplomatic relations were established with the USSR in 1990 and the People's Republic of China in 1995.

Under President Kim Yongsam, generals Chung Dukwan and Roh Dae Woo were tried for corruption, sedition and treason. Jung Dukwan was sentenced to death penalty, which was later commuted to life imprisonment, and Ro Dae Woo to life imprisonment, then reduced to 20 years. However, both were released from prison under an amnesty, which Kim Daejun demanded after his election to the presidency in February 1998.

Immediately before the end of Kim Yongsam's term in office, the country experienced a financial and economic crisis(December 1997). Many associate a series of bankruptcies, sales of property for debts and unemployment with the country’s strong dependence on loans from the International Monetary Fund, which were largely spent on rehabilitating companies and banks in difficult financial situations. Kim Daejung called for sweeping reforms. In some areas, especially in the northeast, demonstrations took place against the changes.

Republic of Korea in the 21st century.

The year 2000 became a fateful year for Korea. In June, a summit was held in Pyongyang between the leaders of North and South Korea - Kim Jong Il and Kim Daejun, who discussed the problems of unifying the Korean people. Specific measures were also planned in this direction: the opening of railway and road communications between the two states, the creation of a direct connection between Seoul and Pyongyang, and the reunification of families separated by the Korean War. An act of reconciliation was signed and both countries intended to work towards the unification of Korea.

Even before the summit, both Koreas began economic cooperation. Thanks to South Korean investments, the DPRK produces color televisions and telephones, which are then sold in South Korea. A plan is being developed to create an industrial base on the sea coast of North Korea for the production of household electrical appliances with investments from corporations such as Samsung Electronics and others.

In accordance with the decisions of the summit, on August 15, 2000, meetings of relatives were held in Pyongyang and Seoul, and later it was announced that the railway between North and South Korea would be restored. Its first section, 12 km long in North Korea and 12 km in South Korea, is planned to be put into operation in September 2001. In the future, this road will have to connect Korea with China and further with Russia and Europe.

In July 2000, Russian President V.V. Putin visited the DPRK, and the State Duma in Moscow ratified the Treaty of Friendship, Good Neighborhood and Cooperation between Russia and the DPRK. Negotiations on trade and economic cooperation between Russia and the DPRK began in October.

In 2007, the DPRK and the Republic of Korea agreed to transform the disputed waters of the Yellow Sea into a joint zone of peace and cooperation.

In February 2008, Lee Myung-bak was elected president from the former Democratic Liberal Party, which in 1997 was renamed the Hannara Party.

He pursues a policy of global interaction. However, the Bak government canceled all previous agreements with North Korea, and the rapprochement course was abandoned. Therefore, in 2009, North Korea designated the disputed waters near the border with South Korea as a kill zone. A statement was made that the Republic of Korea refrain from provocations in disputed waters. Relations between the two countries remain tense. In March 2010, another round of tension occurred. After the South Korean corvette Cheonan sank in the Yellow Sea in March 2010, the Republic of Korea blamed the DPRK for the death of the ship. Pyongyang denied any involvement.

On November 23, 2010 there was a clash with North Korea. North Korea shelled the South Korean island of Yeonpyeongdo. As a result of the shelling, 4 people were killed. This was preceded by shelling in the direction of the DPRK. The Republic of Korea said it was a military exercise. On November 22, 2010, Seoul made a statement about the possibility of deploying US tactical nuclear weapons on its territory.

In November 2010, the G20 summit was held in Seoul.

On December 19, 2012, presidential elections took place. For the first time, a woman was elected president, Park Geun-hye, the leader of the Saenuri Party (in 2012, Park Geun-hye renamed the Hannara Party to Saenuri). The renewed party remains a right-wing conservative party, but tends toward centrism. Thus, during the election campaign, He promised to take a course towards a more socially oriented state.

In early February, the United States, together with South Korea, conducted military exercises on South Korean territory. North Korea accused the United States of preparing for nuclear war, which violates the ceasefire agreement between the DPRK and South Korea. On March 7, North Korea announced a “preemptive nuclear strike.”

Following the exercises, North Korea conducted nuclear tests in February. On March 7, the UN Security Council met and unanimously decided to impose sanctions against North Korea. In response, North Korea issued a statement unilaterally canceling non-aggression agreements with South Korea.

The Republic of Korea (pronounced Taehan Minguk in Korean), or informally South Korea, is a country located in East Asia, in the south of the Korean Peninsula, with its capital in the city of Seoul.

South Korea shares a border to the north with North Korea—the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The so-called demilitarized zone runs along this land border. On all other sides, South Korea is surrounded by sea (the length of the coastline is 2,413 km): the Yellow Sea in the west, the East China Sea in the south, and the Japanese Sea in the east.

People settled in Korea already in the Neolithic era. At the beginning of our era, three rival kingdoms developed on the Korean Peninsula - Goguryeo, Silla and Baekje. The largest and strongest was the kingdom of Goguryeo, which was in a state of permanent war with the Chinese Song and Tang dynasties. In the 5th - 7th centuries, the kingdom of Silla gained influence, capturing the entire territory of the Korean Peninsula, forcing the remnants of the troops of the kingdom of Goguryeo to take refuge in the territory of the current Chinese province of Jilin in Manchuria, where they founded the state of Parhae in 698, destroyed by the Chinese in 926. All three kingdoms were united during the Goryeo dynasty, which came to power in 918. Founded in 1392, the Joseon Dynasty ruled Korea until 1910. Between 1592 and 1598, Japan tried to conquer Korea, and in the 1620s, Manchuria, which was soon in turn conquered by the Chinese Ming dynasty. After this, the Joseon Dynasty came under the rule of the Chinese Qing Dynasty.

In 1876, Japan forced Korea to open to foreign trade. Japan has always sought to suppress Korean national identity, and in 1910 Korea signed a rising sun annexation agreement. After the defeat of Japan in 1945, according to the UN plan, the northern part of Korea was given over to the control of the USSR, and the USA went to southern zone influence, which led to the emergence of two separate states on the Korean Peninsula - North and South Korea.

This was followed by a period of military conflicts, coups and revolutions - the so-called period of the six republics, which ended with the victory of democratic forces in South Korea: democratic elections were held in the country in 1987, and the first civilian president was elected in 1992.

Current time in Seoul:
(UTC +9)

Today, South Korea is a state with a fairly developed economy, becoming a new interesting tourist destination, attracting thousands of guests from all over the world from year to year. The country is famous for its protected areas that are suitable for ecotourists; ancient Buddhist buildings, interesting to lovers of cultural and educational tourism; sandy beaches of Jeju Island, which attract fans of beach holidays, diving and surfing.

How to get to South Korea

Airplane

In the vast majority of cases, tourists arrive by plane to Seoul. The capital of South Korea is served by two airports - Incheon and Gimpo, international flights arrive at the first.

You can fly directly from Russia to Seoul from Moscow (flights of Aeroflot and Korean Air), Khabarovsk and Vladivostok (Asiana), as well as St. Petersburg (seasonally) and Irutsk (Korean Air). From other Russian cities, the Asian metropolis can currently be reached by regular flights with connections in the listed cities.

Almost direct flights are available to residents of St. Petersburg - Finnair operates non-stop flights on the Helsinki - Seoul route. And thanks to Allegro trains, the Northern Capital is only a couple of hours away from the Finnish capital. However, this option is only suitable for those who have Schengen, otherwise it is better to use the same Finnair, but in a connecting version, since Helsinki Airport is quite comfortable and pleasant.

Naturally, you can fly through Moscow; this option is most suitable for the cities of central Russia, right up to the Urals. There are other options, we have listed them below. In addition, many European airlines with a presence in Russia fly to Seoul (Lufthansa, Czech Airlines, KLM and others), but flying with them seems illogical due to the large “hook”, but it may make sense if you participate in various loyalty programs European carriers.

Ferry

Cities and regions

South Korea is administratively divided into 9 provinces (1 of them autonomous), 1 city of special status and 6 metropolitan cities. These units, in turn, are subdivided into a number of smaller entities: cities, counties, municipal districts, towns, parishes, urban areas and villages.

Seoul is the capital of South Korea, founded on the site of a late 14th century settlement called Hanyang. The settlement in which the royal palace of Gyeong-bok was located was soon fortified. From 1910 to 1942, the city was called Gyeongsong, and received its current name - Seoul (from Korean - “capital”) in 1945. Since 1948, Seoul has been the official capital of the Republic of Korea and its main economic, political and cultural center.

Incheon is a large metropolitan city (the third largest city in Korea) and a port on the Yellow Sea coast. Incheon with its large port is the “gateway of Seoul”, and to some extent belongs to Greater Seoul. Transport systems of Seoul and Incheon (particularly subway lines) connected to each other. There is a free economic zone in Incheon, established in 2003.

People settled on the territory of Incheon already in the Neolithic era. From the end of the 4th century. Soon the city became a major trading center in Korea, and remained so throughout the Middle Ages. In 1883, the port of Chemulpo was founded in the city, which was one of the first to open for trade with foreigners. Incheon Harbor is famous for the fact that it was started in 1904 Russo-Japanese War - here the Japanese squadron attacked to a Russian cruiser"Varyag", which was sunk, but did not surrender to the enemy. In 1950, Inchon was also the site of the American landing, which was a turning point in the Korean War.

The composition of e Incheon includes Yeongjeong, Wolmi and Mui Islands. Yeongjeong Island Attracts Mountain Tourists Baegung-san with Yonggun Monastery-sa and mineral springs with a SPA complex.

Gwangju is the capital of South Jeolla Province, a metropolitan city located in the central part of Korea surrounded by picturesque natural landscapes. Gwangju is a famous cultural and scientific center countries. The city was founded in 57 BC. e. Since 370, the city, then called Hanam Wireseong, has been the capital of the state of Baekje. The name Gwangju was adopted in 940.

One of the suburbs of Gwangju, Pungwonni, is a ceramic production center known since the 15th century; it is here that most of the Korean white porcelain has always been produced.

Recently, Gwangju has become a modern metropolis with developed infrastructure. It still remains a major center of the Korean ceramic industry. The city has many attractions, including the Chongjinam Christian Temple (18th century), Namhanseong Fort (1626), and the State Museum with an extensive archaeological and ceramic collection.

Gwangju's events include the Tomato Festival with fairs and competitions, the World Ceramics Exhibition and the annual White Ceramics Festival in September.

Busan is the second largest city in the country, having the status of a metropolitan city, located on the southern coast of Korea. Busan is home to a large city port, ranking fourth in the world in terms of cargo turnover.

Daegu is the fourth largest city in South Korea (after Seoul, Busan and Incheon), the capital of Gyeongsangbuk-do province. Administratively, it is a city of direct subordination. Throughout its history, Daegu has been a major transport hub, located on the route from Seoul to Busan.

People have been settling in Daegu since 1500-3000. BC e. The city was founded in 261. According to the chronicles, during the Three Kingdoms, Daegu was called Dalgubel, and was part of the Silla Kingdom. Modern name- Daegu - received the city in 757. Market trade developed in Daegu from the 15th century. The most famous of the ancient markets is Yangnyeongsi, the medicinal herbal market, which still operates today.

Tourists in Daegu are attracted by the following attractions: Apsan Park with Buddhist temples and the Korean War Museum; Phalgongsan Park with many monasteries; Talson Park, located in an ancient fortress; amusement park Turyu.

Gyeongju is a large Korean city located in the southeastern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do province on the shores of the Sea of ​​Japan. Thanks to its cultural and historical heritage, Gyeongju has been a recognized tourist center in Korea for many years and is included in the list of world cultural heritage UNESCO, and attracts many tourists.

The first documentary evidence of the existence of a city on the site of present-day Gyeongju dates back to the beginning of our era. The city was probably founded in 57 BC. e. In the 4th - 10th centuries, the city was the capital of the Silla state, and from the 7th century it was a recognized cultural center of the country. In 940, Gyeongju received its current name, and soon lost its importance. Until the 20th century, when archaeological research began in the city, Gyeongju's historical monuments were repeatedly destroyed and looted. The city received new development as an industrial and tourist center only in the 1970s.

Today, tourists visiting Gyeongju experience Silla's cultural heritage at the Gyeongju National Museum, which boasts a rich collection of archaeological objects. In addition, among the local attractions, the grotto ruins of the once large Hwannyeon-sa temple with the surrounding sculptures of Buddhas and bodhisattvas and the remains of the Bunhwan-sa monastery (7th century) stand out; the royal necropolis of Kerim in the city center, the ancient Cheomseongdae Observatory (647). In addition, in the city it is worth visiting the Sokku-ram cave temple (8th century) and the ancient Bulguk-sa monastery (528), rebuilt on the Toham-san hill, as well as several fortresses from the times of the Silla state.

Jeju, or Jejudo, is the largest island of Korea and at the same time the smallest province of the country with the administrative center of the same name in the city of Jeju. The island is located in Korea Strait 100 km from the southern coast of the country, and is considered one of the best resorts in Korea. The island is home to the legendary haenyeo divers, who dive to depths of up to 10 m.

Jeju Island was formed as a result of the eruption of the Halla-san volcano (height 1950 m), now considered extinct. Flows of solidified lava formed bizarre reliefs on the slopes of the volcano in the form of grottoes, caves, tunnels and pillars. Was educated here National Park, which is home to about 2,000 plant species and 4,000 animal species. For its uniqueness, the island was included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List.

Until 662, Jeju, then called Thamna, was a separate state, after which it was conquered by Silla. In 938, after the fall of Silla, the island came under the rule of Goryeo. During the period of Japanese protectorate in 1910, Jeju was renamed Saishu (for ease of pronunciation by the Japanese), and after the liberation of Korea from the Japanese, it became part of it. In the second half of the 20th century, Jeju Island began to develop as a major tourist center.

The island, whose holiday season lasts from July to September, is famous for its beaches. There are beaches with both fine white sand and black volcanic sand. The coastal waters abound with a wealth of flora and fauna, making the island a center of attraction for diving enthusiasts. In addition to diving, windsurfing, snorkeling and fishing are popular in the coastal waters of Jeju Island.

On the southern coast of the island is the fairly large city of Sogipo, surrounded by tangerine plantations. There it is worth visiting the Tangerine Museum and the Jeongban Waterfall, the only waterfall in Asia that pours water into the ocean. Another resort on the island, Chunmun, is famous for its beaches and the nearby Chusan Cheolli-dae volcanic pillars. Near the Gimnyeon resort, it is worth seeing the Monchan-gul cave - a lava cave that is the longest in the world: its length is 13422 m and its height is about 10 m.

Sights of South Korea

Attractions in Korea can be found in abundance throughout its territory. UNESCO world cultural heritage sites are of particular interest to tourists.

• Megalithic structures - dolmens
• Hwaseong Fortress (Diamond Fortress)
• Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
• Seokguram Cave Temple and Bulguksa Temple Complex
• Gyeju National Museum
• Demilitarized Zone and Panmunjeong Peace Village

If you decide to limit yourself to the capital of South Korea, or your path will go through it (and in most cases this happens), then we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the list of attractions in Seoul, and with the page of the city as a whole.

Where to go in South Korea

Attractions

Museums and galleries

Entertainment

Parks and Recreation

Active leisure

Transport

Wellness holiday

Private guides in South Korea

Russian private guides will help you get acquainted with South Korea in more detail.
Registered on the Experts.Tourister.Ru project.

Things to do in South Korea

Beaches of South Korea

Due to its geographical location, Korea is a recognized Asian destination for beach holidays. Listed below the most interesting beaches in South Korea, using the links you can get detailed information - location, photographs, infrastructure and other nuances.

Alpine skiing in South Korea

Skiing is a very popular active pastime in Korea. There are more than ten famous ski resorts in the mountains, all of them located near Seoul. The ski season in the country lasts from December to March, but the rest of the year the ski resorts are also crowded with summer entertainment: golf courses and amusement parks. Below are the main ski resorts in South Korea, follow the links for more information.

Wellness in South Korea

Korea is famous for its thermal springs, next to which there are SPA and wellness centers. In total, there are about 70 health centers and about 100 traditional Korean chimchilbang bath complexes in the country.

Below is a list of some popular thermal spas in South Korea, follow the links for more full information— location, description, websites, and so on.

Treatment in South Korea

In addition, Korea is becoming a recognized destination in Asia medical tourism, the popularity of which is determined by two main factors: the tourist attractiveness of the country as a whole and high quality offered medical services.

Medical centers in South Korea:

• Center of Oriental Medicine at Sangzhi University
• East-West Medical Center at Keng Hee University

Diving in South Korea

Diving in South Korea is most developed on Jeju Island. The main dive sites are around small islands off the southern coast of Jeju, located in the sea 15-20 minutes by boat from the city of Seogwipo. Depths from 40 to 70 m are observed here.

The coastal waters of Jeju at the junction of the Yellow Sea, the Sea of ​​Japan and the East China Sea form a unique hydrodynamic complex, characterized by a huge variety of underwater fauna (lionfish, triggerfish, tetradon, silver tuna, butterfly and angelfish, orange starfish) and richness flora (soft corals, anemones, sponges).

The best season for diving is considered to be from June to December. The water temperature in summer is + 24 - +26°C, in some cases warming up to +28.8°C, in winter and autumn - +19 - +23°C. January and February bring cool weather and many dive centers close.

In addition to diving, snorkeling is popular in the coastal waters of southern Jeju Island.

Getting around South Korea

Within the country you can travel by plane, bus, train or rented car.

Aircraft

All major cities in South Korea are connected by airlines. Within the country, two Korean airlines - and - operate flights between 14 cities of the country, including Seoul, Busan, Jeju, Daegu, Gwangju, Wonju, Ulsan.

Trains

You can also travel around South Korea by train. The railway network covers almost the entire country.

There are four types of trains in Korea: KTX (Korea Train Express) - high-speed (two high-speed railway lines that connect Seoul with Busan and Mokpo, comfortable trains reach speeds of up to 300 km/h), Saemaeul express trains, Mugunghwa fast trains. (quite comfortable) and Thongil passenger trains (slow and not very comfortable). The carriages come in classes I and II; ticket prices depend on class and distance. On all trains except express trains, passengers are allowed to travel standing if there are no seats available. Tickets are sold at station ticket offices.

At all main railway stations there are special ticket offices selling common travel tickets for foreigners - KR Pass. They give the right to travel any distance on all types of trains without restrictions on the number of trips. Tickets come in different durations - for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. You can check the current cost and book KR Pass tickets at.

After purchasing the KR Pass online, the tourist is sent a voucher, which should be exchanged for a ticket upon arrival in Korea at the station ticket office.

Buses

You can also get around Korea by bus - the country has a well-established intercity bus service. All buses, regardless of class, are very comfortable.

Buses are divided into regular (ilban) and first class (udyn), and the difference in ticket prices is unreasonably large, given the small difference in comfort.

Intercity buses depart from Seoul to other cities in the country from three major bus stations:

Intercity buses across the country depart at intervals of 15 - 20 minutes. Bus fares depend on the distance of the trip. Current information on bus schedules and fares can be found at.

Within cities you can travel by city buses. They come in different comfort levels, the routes are marked with numbers, but the information is written only in Korean. Fare, as a rule, is 600 - 1300 won and does not depend on the distance of the trip. The fare can be paid in cash or with a transport card, which is also valid in the metro.

Metro

There are subways in Korea in four cities: Seoul, Busan, Daegu and Gwangju. The Seoul metro is quite large; it connects the capital with the suburbs. Subway tickets can be purchased at subway ticket offices and ticket machines that accept 10, 50, 100, and 500 won coins and 1,000 won bills. In the Korean metro, the names of stations and all basic information are duplicated in English.

Auto

To travel around the country, you can rent a car. The quality of roads in Korea is at top level. To rent a car, the driver must be over 21 years old, have more than 1 year of driving experience, and have a foreign passport and an international driving license. Rental offices can be found at airports and hotels.

Taxi

Tourists often travel within Korean cities by taxi. Taxis can be ordered by phone or found on the street. There are many taxi cars in Korea, they are very safe, comfortable and inexpensive. Many taxi drivers speak English. An available taxi is marked with a yellow or blue light on the roof.

Taxis are standard and deluxe. Cars with Kind Call Taxi and KT Powertel signs have Korean simultaneous translation devices, meters and navigation devices.

The fare for a regular taxi is calculated as follows: payment for landing and the first 2 km is 1600 won, then for every 150 meters of the journey - 100 won. If the car travels less than 14.75 km in an hour, an additional 100 won will be added to the total for every 41 seconds of travel. The cost of a night trip (24:00 - 4:00) increases by 20%.

Deluxe taxis are usually black with a yellow stripe on the side, a yellow sign on the roof and the corresponding Deluxe Taxi logo. The toll is calculated as follows: 4,000 won for the first 3 km and 200 won for every subsequent 205 m or 50 seconds of travel (if the speed drops below 15 km per hour). Night fares do not increase. Drivers issue a receipt when paying for the fare.

All taxis operate within the city limits, and when traveling to the suburbs the cost can double. Therefore, it is worth informing the driver of the destination address before the start of the trip.

Water transport

South Korea has several hundred islands connected by ferry lines. A large number of ferries connect Jeju Island with the ports of Mokpo, Yeoso and Incheon, Ulleung Island with the ports of Pohang and Sohkcho, and the islands of Pennyeong and Daecheon with Muncheon.

Korean cuisine

Korean cuisine, which is very reminiscent of Chinese and Japanese, is varied, it contains dishes from meat, fish, seafood, eggs, rice, soy, and vegetables.

Korean cooking is distinguished by the abundance of spices used. Thus, Korean food is very spicy - most dishes contain red pepper, garlic and onions. The spiciness of dishes seasoned with pepper has developed historically: the country has a hot and humid climate, which is not conducive to the preservation of food. Among the sauces with which dishes are seasoned, soy sauce, traditional for Asia, stands out.

The main place on the Korean table is occupied by rice, from which they prepare pabi porridge, chhalteok rice cakes, bibimbap spicy rice pilaf with vegetables, and kimbap rice rolls. Rice must be served with dishes under the general name “kimchi” - various kinds of pickles and spicy vegetable snacks, marinated meat and seafood.

Fish and seafood, the richness of which is due to geographical location Koreans are also very often present in the menu of the country's residents. Here, as in Japan, they eat raw fish - “hwe”. There are many dishes prepared from such types of fish as cod, pollock, flounder, from the pulp of shellfish, squid, shrimp, oysters, sea cucumbers, octopus, seaweed, etc. Traditional Korean dishes are fried fish “senson gui”, stew seafood “haemul jeongol”, pancakes with seafood and green onions “pajeong”, seaweed salads, squid (“ogino”) and octopus (“nakji”) dishes.

One of the main dishes in Korea is guksu noodles, which are made from wheat, buckwheat, corn and even potato flour. The noodles are served with stewed, fried or marinated meat, and poured with hot or cold broth.

Korean cooking includes first courses, in particular soups. They are eaten both for breakfast and dinner. There are a huge variety of types of soups: solyanka, meat, fish, vegetable soups. Soups are often flavored with soy sauce. Among the most popular soups are beef rib soup “galbi tang”, soybean soup with egg and shellfish “sundubu jigae”, spicy seafood soup “haemul tang”, spicy fish soup “maeungtang”, soybean sprouted soup “khonnamulguk”, etc. .d.

Among the meat dishes that appear on the Korean table, it is worth mentioning first of all “bulgogi” - finely chopped beef, marinated in soy sauce and sesame oil, and then fried in a wok. Other popular dishes include grilled beef ribs kalbi, pork or beef rib stew kalbichim, chicken stew takkalbi, mandu dumplings, etc.

Tourists get mixed reactions from dog meat dishes, which are occasionally (contrary to the prevailing opinion of foreigners) present on the Korean table. In particular, we are talking about dog meat soup “bosintang” (bosintang - “stewed dog meat with spices”, as well as “soup that strengthens the body”). In this light, it is worth saying that dog meat in Korea is not considered a product for preparing everyday food - rather, it is a dietary and medicinal food. In addition, in Korea, a dog is not perceived as a “friend of man”; it is not assigned any role different from other animals in society. Following the lead public opinion West, today the Korean authorities have introduced a number of legislative measures that, if not completely prohibit the use of dog meat in cooking, then largely regulate this process.

Among vegetable dishes on the Korean menu, the leading place is occupied by dishes made from legumes. Legumes come in a variety: soybeans, peas, beans, green beans “noktu”, red beans “phatch”, etc. Sprouted soybeans are often a substitute for meat in dishes. The same soybeans are used to produce soy milk, cottage cheese, soy sauce and paste.

Desserts and sweets are also present on the Korean table. The most popular of them are “kvadul” - a dessert made from rice dough, “tothorimuk” acorn jelly, “hangva” cookies, “tasik” - candies made from honey, chestnuts, beans, sesame seeds and medicinal herbs. Among fruits, persimmons and tangerines are actively consumed.

Koreans, as a rule, end their meal with sweet rice broth “sikhye” or a decoction of cinnamon and persimmon “sujeongkwa”, herbal teas, and coffee. Alcoholic drinks in Korea are represented mainly by the results of rice processing - rice wine "makkori" or "nonju", rice beer, rice vodka.

Table etiquette

Residents of Korea do not often host feasts at home, mostly inviting guests to restaurants. In a Korean restaurant, people usually eat while sitting on the floor on cushions. In winter the floor is heated. Shoes are left at the entrance.

Traditional rules of behavior at the table, the order of serving dishes, methods and doses of alcoholic beverages were formed several centuries ago. The rules for eating and setting the table are worth special mention.

So, for example, Koreans eat not only with chopsticks, but also with spoons (for liquid dishes), which are a symbol of life (they say about the deceased that he “put down his spoon”; the number of eaters is referred to as the number of spoons, not mouths, as in Russian). Unlike other cultures that used chopsticks when eating, Koreans have been using a spoon since the 5th century. Chopsticks (“chotjarak”, “jeotgarak”) and a small spoon with a long handle (“sutjarak”, “sutgarak”) together make up the cutlery set “sujo” (“sujeo”, short for “sutgarak” and “jeotgarak”), they are made made of stainless steel or silver. According to Korean etiquette, when using chopsticks, a spoon is placed on the edge of a bowl with a liquid dish, and when using a spoon, the chopsticks are simply placed on the table.

There are no personal plates on a Korean table. The entire surface of the table, in the center of which the main dish of meat or fish rises, is lined with small bowls with salads and sauces. Participants in the meal eat from all plates at once. Asking your table neighbor to serve you something is impolite; you should try to reach the desired dish yourself. Cutlery that has fallen on the floor should never be picked up - you need to ask the waiter to bring new ones.

When it comes to alcohol consumption, Koreans have a lot in common with Russians: they drink a lot at the Korean table; you cannot refuse to drink (this can offend the pourer and the host of the table); you cannot pour it for yourself (this is also considered an insult to the owner - he will not be able to express his respect to you), etc. You need to drink while holding the glass in your right hand.

The restaurant bill includes only the main course and alcoholic drinks; everything else (soups, salads, sauces) is free. Service is also included in the bill, so there is no need to leave a tip.

Shopping in South Korea

Tourists visiting South Korea cannot help but pay attention to shopping. The best shopping opportunities are in Seoul and other large cities: there are many large shopping centers, supermarkets, department stores, boutiques, shops, and markets.

Large department stores are open daily 10:00 - 20:00, shops - 9:00 - 22:00, large supermarkets, shopping centers and markets - often around the clock, every day.

Particularly convenient for tourists is that there are duty-free shops in Seoul and Busan (they are marked with tax free shopping signs). You can pay in foreign currency, and VAT of 10% on purchases over 30,000 won can be refunded at the airport. The only caveat: to make purchases in such stores, you need to show the sellers your return air ticket. In addition, some types of selected and paid for goods (alcohol, perfumes, cigarettes) are not handed over to the buyer, but are carefully packaged and transported to the airport exactly in time for the flight.

It is worth bringing ginseng products from Korea, first of all, since the country is one of the world leaders in the cultivation and processing of this magical root. So, you can buy ginseng concentrate, tincture of ginseng root, ginseng tea, and cosmetics based on it.

Other traditional souvenirs from Korea include lacquerware decorated with mother-of-pearl inlay - boxes, powder compacts, business card holders; fine quality porcelain, ceramics, embroidery, macrame. Korean textiles and leather goods - outerwear, bags and haberdashery - are also famous. Everyone is also familiar with Korean electronics, and, undoubtedly, they are worth buying in the country - all of them, except for mobile phones that support standards incompatible with Russian ones. Collectors and ethnic lovers should pay attention to the traditional Korean costume “hanbok”, which can be bought in souvenir shops and markets.

Shopping in Seoul."

Communications in South Korea

You can make a call in South Korea, first of all, using pay phones, which are available on the streets of many cities. The machines operate using special telephone cards, credit cards or coins. Phone cards can be bought in shops, shops, tobacco and newsstands, and in hotels. You can call other countries from almost all pay phones.

To make a call from South Korea to Russia, you need to dial 001 (002 or 008) - 7 - area code - subscriber's phone number.

To call from Russia to Korea, you need to dial 8 - 10 - 82 (Korea code) - region code - subscriber number.

Some Korean city codes: Seoul - 02, Incheon - 032, Daejeon - 042, Busan - 051, Jeju - 064.

Please remember that GSM mobile phones do not work in South Korea. In this case, tourists can be advised to temporarily exchange their phones at the airport for local CDMA and IMT2000 models. The average cost of renting a Korean phone with your own phone as collateral is on average 3,000-4,000 won per day.

Useful phone numbers

Tourists in Korea will not have any problems with the Internet. Internet access points are available everywhere. Back in 2010, in the Ranking of countries in the world by the quality of Internet access (according to scientists from the University of Oviedo and Oxford University) South Korea took an honorable first place. Free wi-fi is available in all city centers, in large shopping centers, in hotels, cafes, restaurants, and tourist areas.

Safety

South Korea is one of the safest Asian countries for tourism, but one should not forget about basic safety rules. Tourists are advised to leave cash and valuables in hotel safes and keep a close eye on their personal belongings in crowded and tourist areas.

Among some local traditions, tourists should remember the following:

• local residents do not like to be photographed too much: before taking pictures of them, you must ask permission;
• when entering a Korean temple or house, you must take off your shoes and wear socks;
• It is indecent to sunbathe topless on the country's beaches.

Where to stay

Hotels

In South Korea, the following classification of hotels is accepted: super-lux (corresponding to 5*), luxury (corresponding to 5*), first class (corresponding to 4*), second class (corresponding to 3*) and third class (corresponding to 2*). Hotel prices depend on the season and location. On our website you can book a hotel in Korea

Hostels and guest houses

In South Korea you can also find guest houses, which are an inexpensive accommodation option. Most guest houses are converted from regular residential apartments, so several rooms often share a shared bathroom. They are usually located in city centers and near tourist attractions. The price for staying there for one night is about 15,000-40,000 won.

Apartments and condominiums

Condominiums are ordinary apartments, self-catering apartments located in large complexes with swimming pools, laundries, and restaurants. Condominiums are most often located at ski resorts, near national parks and beach resorts. The cost of living in a condominium depends on the season, length of stay, level of service, and is approximately 30,000 - 100,000 won per night. On our website you can rent an apartment in South Korea, this may be convenient for some categories of tourists - families with several children, who prefer to cook for themselves, and so on.

Residence

Another type of accommodation in Korea is a residence. This type of housing is most suitable for foreigners who have arrived in the country on a work visit, because it is a room for living and working at the same time, with a kitchen and an office. Residence complexes usually have a gym, laundry, lounges and conference rooms, restaurants, cafes, etc.