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Relief and mineral resources of Africa Geography lesson, 7th grade Author: Olga Viktorovna Golovan, geography teacher Municipal educational institution"Lyceum No. 8 of the city of Budennovsk, Budennovsky district"
Goals and objectives: To form in students an idea of the tectonic structure, relief and mineral resources of Africa - their composition, structure, location. Continue to develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships, work with geographic maps and compare them.
Repetition of covered material. What is Africa's area by area? (Second in the world) In how many hemispheres is Africa located? (In four) What is Almadi? (Cape) Which cape is the southernmost point of Africa? (Needles) Which continent is closest to Africa? (Eurasia) What strait separates Africa from Europe? (Gibraltar) Northern Cape of Africa. m. Almadi m. Agulhas Strait of Gibraltar (Ben Sekka) m. Ben Sekka
Repetition of covered material. Enter the name of the traveler This Portuguese navigator discovered the sea route to India, rounding South Africa, walked along the eastern coast of the mainland, crossed the Indian Ocean and reached the shores of Hindustan. Vasco da Gama
Repetition of covered material. Name the famous explorer. He crossed South Africa from west to east, explored the Zambezi River, and discovered a large beautiful waterfall on it, which he named Victoria. Who led the expedition, which from 1926 to 1927. collected 6,000 specimens of cultivated plants in Africa? David Livingston Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov
Map analysis: “Building earth's crust" How many lithospheric plates is Africa located on? Are there areas of collision with other plates? If so, where, and what processes occur during a collision? What is the name of the plate and platform on which the continent is located? What age are the mountains located on the mainland? In what direction and at what speed is the plate moving? (African plate, African platform) (On the same lithospheric plate) (African and Eurasian plates collide.) (Ancient mountains: Cape and Drakensberg; young mountains: Atlas) (Plate moves to the northeast)
Comparison of tectonic and physical card. What is relief? How do you see the dependence of landforms on the structure of the continent’s crust? Remember the landforms you have studied. (The set of irregularities in the earth’s surface, varying in size, origin and age, is called relief) (Plains are located on platforms, and mountains are located in folded areas.)
East African Rifts What landforms predominate in Africa? What are the reasons for the diversity of relief? IN East Africa The largest fault in the earth's crust is located on land. It stretches along the Red Sea through the Ethiopian Highlands to the mouth of the Zambezi River. Think about what his education is related to?
Relief Where are the young mountains located? What are they called? Could young mountains have formed in the center of the Sahara? Where are the lowlands? How do you see the dependence of landforms on the structure of the continent’s crust?
RELIEF Plains occupy most of Africa. Based on the prevailing altitudes, the continent can be divided into Low Africa and High Africa. Determine the prevailing heights of Low and High Africa on the map.
Working with a physical map of Africa. p / p Name of relief form Name of the highest point Absolute height of the point, m 1 Toubkal 4165 2 Akhagar Highlands Takhat 3 Ethiopian Highlands 4 5895 5 Darfur Plateau 6 Tibesti Highlands 3415 On the physical map of Africa, enter the missing data in the table.
Atlas Mountains In the north-west of the continent are the Atlas Mountains, the young northern ridges of which are located at the junction of two lithospheric plates.
toubkal The highest peak of the Atlas is Mount Toubkal (4165 m), a favorite vacation spot for fans of ski tourism.
Kilimanjaro Volcano Kilimanjaro is one of the largest extinct volcanoes in the world, the highest mountain in Africa.
Ethiopian Highlands The Ethiopian Highlands is a huge mountain range with chains of high mountains and many individual extinct volcanoes.
Drakensberg Mountains The Drakensberg Mountains are like a ledge, one slope of which is gentle and the other steep, and the steep slope is half as long as the gentle slope.
MINERALS. Which part of Africa is rich in ore minerals of igneous origin, and which is rich in minerals of sedimentary origin? What are the reasons for the differences in the distribution of mineral deposits of different origins?
conclusion Minerals of sedimentary origin correspond to the plains, and these are the northern, western and central parts of the continent. Minerals of igneous origin, correspond to mountainous terrain, and these are the eastern and southeastern parts of the mainland. Consequently, there is a certain connection between the structure of the earth’s crust, relief and minerals, namely: plains and deposits of sedimentary minerals correspond to the platforms. Minerals of igneous origin are found on plains where the crystalline foundation of the platform comes close to the earth's surface, as well as along fault lines in the earth's crust. The folded areas correspond to mountains and minerals of igneous origin. Sedimentary minerals are found in mountains formed on the site of an ancient sea.
Test 1. Located at the junction of two lithospheric plates 1) Drakensberg Mountains; 2) Cape Mountains; 3) Atlas Mountains; 2. The highest point in Africa 1) Kilimanjaro volcano; 2)volcano Kenya; 3) Cameroon volcano. 3. Huge reserves of 1) copper ores have been discovered in North Africa and on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea; 2) diamonds; 3) oil. 4. Highlands in eastern Africa 1) Ahaggar; 2) Ethiopian; 3) Tibesti. 5. Mountains in southeast Africa 1) Drakensberg Mountains; 2) Cape Mountains; 3) Atlas Mountains; 1.3; 2.1; 3.3; 4.2; 5.1.
Homework§25. Mark major landforms and mineral deposits on a contour map.
List of sources used Electronic library visual aids“Geography grades 6-10” Nikitin N.A. Lesson developments in geography. 7th grade. – M.: “VAKO”, 2005 http://ru.wikipedia.org http://www.tonnel.ru/?l=gzl&uid http://geography7.wdfiles.com/local--files/surface-of -africa/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg http://geography7.wikidot.com/surface-of-africa http://sergeydolya.livejournal.com/354124.html http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Toubkal_7.90965W_31.05231N.jpg?uselang=ru http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ethiopian_highlands_01_mod.jpg/640px-Ethiopian_highlands_01_mod.jpg?uselang=ru
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Slide captions:
To the east of the Strait of Gibraltar... 1. Strait. 2. sea... 3. channel... 4. sea.. 5. peninsula. 6. ocean. . 7. island... 8. strait... 9. bay 10. ocean
1. 2. 3. 4. 7. 10. 6. 9. 5. 8.
Vasco da Gama 1 N.I. Vavilov 2 F. Magellan 3 4 5 6 N.N. Miklouho - Maclay V.V. Junker D. Livingston
Relief of Africa
Lesson objectives: 1) To get acquainted with the features of the relief of Africa; 2) establish the relationship between the tectonic structure and the relief features of the continent; 3) learn to characterize the main forms of relief.
Learning new material. Story. Features of the relief. Detailed analysis cards. Minerals.
Detailed map analysis. Find the highest mountain peaks. Their name and height.
Diamond Diamond is the stone of kings and glassmakers, the hardest mineral on Earth with a hardness of 10 points. Kuprin said about a diamond: “This is the light of the sun, condensed in the earth and reflected by time. It plays with the colors of the rainbow, but itself remains transparent, like a drop...”
Complete the sentences: - At the base of the continent lies ..., on which ..... are located. - Folded areas correspond to….. . - The relief of Africa is diverse, it is …., …., …, …, …. . - On the mainland they are dominated by…. . - The mountains are located mainly on...
Test your knowledge: - At the base of the continent there is a platform on which the plains are located. - Folded areas correspond to mountains. - The relief of Africa is varied, these are plains, plateaus, lowlands, hills, mountains. - The mainland is dominated by plains. - The mountains are located mainly on the outskirts of the mainland.
Well done! Thanks for the lesson!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Lesson “Relief features of Africa. Minerals".
The lesson takes the form of a trip to the continent of Africa. The study of the relief and its features is underway in various ways and forms of assimilation of material. This is work in pairs group work. Working with...
Relief of Africa
Modular geography lesson in 7th grade on the topic "Relief of Africa" Goals and objectives: educational: to study the features of the continent's topography, to identify the causes of these features. To specify what is already known for...
Lesson summary
Item geography Class 7
Compiled by Tatyana Anatolyevna Demeshchenko, geography teacher of MKOU “Buzinovskaya Secondary School”
Lesson topic
Geological structure and the relief of Africa
Planned educational results
Subject
Metasubject
Personal
As a result pedagogical interaction in the lesson, a student at the level of subject skills will be able to:
Get acquainted with the relief features of Africa;
learn to compare a physical map with a map of the structure of the earth’s crust and identify the dependence of the relief on the structure of the earth’s crust; to develop skills in determining the main forms of relief in certain areas of the continent;
learn to compose brief description large relief forms according to the plan.
to develop students’ mental activity when working with information sources and cartographic material;
develop attention, memory, imagination.
develop the ability to listen to your classmates;
develop your creativity; improve skills in working in a small group.
Solved educational problems
Predominant landforms, history of their formation and relative position. Differences in relief between High and Low Africa; reasons for the differences. Minerals and patterns of distribution of their deposits on the mainland.
Basic concepts taught in class
Relief, platform, internal and external relief-forming processes, volcano, highland, minerals.
Type of ICT tools used in the lesson
computer (laptop) and multimedia projector.
CD-ROM “Geography. Our home is Earth. Continents. Oceans. Peoples. Countries. 7th grade."
Educational Internet resources
Presentation “Geological structure and topography of Africa”
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE LESSON
Stage
Teacher activities
Student activities
Rationale
Stage I (1 min.)– Organizational moment including: description of methods for organizing the work of students initial stage lesson, setting students up for educational activities, subject and topic of the lesson (taking into account the real characteristics of the class with which the teacher works)
Helps prepare students for productive work in class;
Creates a positive emotional mood.
Greetings
Greeting from the teacher, report from the duty officer about absentees.
Organizing attention, setting students in a working rhythm, instilling conscious discipline.
Frontal conversation on homework - 1 min .
Guys, what topic did we learn about in the last lesson?
Which continents does Africa belong to geographically?
Is it only because of the GP that we call Africa the southern continent?
Slide No. 1
The teachers listen attentively. Answer questions.
Preparation for active and conscious learning of new material.
Stage II (5 min.)Updating knowledge.
setting a goal that must be achieved by students at this stage of the lesson (what must be done by students in order for their further work in the lesson to be effective)
determining the goals and objectives that the teacher wants to achieve at this stage of the lesson;
Organizes independent activity students to introduce them to the problems of the lesson:
extracting ready-made knowledge from the analyzed text fragment;
independent design of the lesson topic.
Included in independent activities:
explore the text proposed by the teacher;
analyze and draw a conclusion about what concept is hidden by the “black square”;
Based on the conclusion drawn, they construct the topic of the lesson.
Teacher: - Today we will learn even more about Africa, I suggest you complete the task:
From the proposed characteristics, identify those that correspond to Africa:
1) the wettest continent;
2) the equator runs almost in the middle;
3) washed by four oceans;
4) ranks second in area;
5) great faults are located;
6) the largest continent by area;
7) the hottest continent;
8) the longest mountain range on land is located;
9) the continent is intersected by two tropics;
10) the relief is dominated by plains.
Teacher:
What characteristics of Africa made it difficult to answer?
On what characteristics was the opinion controversial?
So, what topic of the lesson should we get acquainted with today?
Guys, we will study in class, find § 21 in the text.
Students listen and comprehend the task.
Choosing the right characteristics of Africa
They listen to each other, correct, correct knowledge.
Find a paragraph in the textbook
You will find out
1. About geological history Africa.
2. About the modern relief of the mainland.
3. On the placement of mineral resources on the mainland.
Implementation of operational monitoring of students' knowledge.
Establishing the level of students' readiness to learn new material.
Updating the subjective experience of students.
A non-standard form of introduction contributes to the emergence of cognitive motivation.
Development of voluntary attention.
Stage III (12 min.)Studying and mastering new material.
presentation of the main provisions of the new educational material which must be mastered by students (based on the content of this item, the expert makes a judgment about the teacher’s level of proficiency in subject material);
Organizes independent activities of students to acquire necessary knowledge according to the developed plan for obtaining them (to extract ready-made knowledge from scientific texts, on independent creation of knowledge through research activities):
extracting knowledge from scientific tests;
independent acquisition of knowledge in the process of research work.
Inclusion in independent activities of analyzing scientific articles, algorithmizing the information received and creating new knowledge through search activities in a group.
Formation of the purposeful nature of educational activities.
Teacher's opening speech new topic.
There is a lot that can be said about Africa, but the goals of today’s lesson are as follows:
1) get acquainted with the features of the relief of Africa;
2) learn to compare a physical map with a map of the structure of the earth’s crust and identify the dependence of the relief on the structure of the earth’s crust;
3) to develop skills in determining the main forms of relief in certain areas of the continent.
Teacher: - Guys, we have already completed point 1 of the plan, remembering the characteristics of the continent.
- Teacher's story on a new topic.
The diversity of Africa's nature is associated not only with its GP, but also with the complexity of the structure of the earth's crust within the continent. Let’s listen to the guys who prepared a project on the topic “Africa – part of the ancient continent” about how the continent was formed.
- Group work. Messages from group members – presentation of the project “Africa – part of the ancient continent”:
About Gondwana.
Comparative position of the southern continents in relation to Africa in the initial phase of the split of Pangea and at the present time (Scheme of Gondwana).
Teacher: - Thank you guys, well done. And we study the relief further, listen to the teacher, work with the textbook, atlas maps. Let's remember what you already know.
- Working with maps “Structure of the Earth’s Crust” and “Physical Map of Africa”:
Remember why the study of the components of nature begins with relief.
Name the main landforms.
Using the atlas maps, determine which landforms predominate on the mainland.
Name the relief features of Africa. Give an example of the relationship between a large landform of a continent and the structure of the earth's crust.
Explain the predominance of plains on the mainland.
What mountains are there in Africa?
Why are the mountains folded in the north of the continent, and volcanic and blocky in the east?
What two parts can Africa be divided into based on the prevailing altitudes?
What minerals is the northern part of Africa rich in, and which ones is the southern part rich in?
What is the reason for this difference in the composition of minerals?
Teacher: - And so, let's establish the relationship and interdependence between the tectonic structure of the earth's crust and the relief features of Africa.
Thus, analysis of the physical map of Africa and the map “Structure of the Earth’s Crust” allows us to draw the following conclusions about the features of its relief, and a task called -
Complete the sentences:
At the base of the continent lies ..., on which ..... are located.
The folded areas correspond to…..
The relief of Africa is diverse, it is ...., ...., ..., ..., .... .
On the mainland they are dominated by... .
The mountains are located mainly on...
Students are introduced to the idea that the earth's crust is changing all the time, at a certain stage platforms are formed, then they change further.
A striking example of this development is the terrain of Africa.
Teacher: - Guys, you are great! We were able to draw conclusions and did a good job with the book and atlas. Was presented interesting presentation. Now let's move on to the next point of our plan. What's our plan?
You are invited to the business game “Travel Company”.
Purpose of the game: - Preparation of booklets about certain parts of the continent to attract tourists to Africa, and so that tourists receive information about these areas.
Instructions – 1) we work in groups;
You must select the characteristics of a part of the mainland from the envelopes.
You are offered cards to help you, when the group is ready, the leader raises the card: green card - preliminary check, red card - booklet ready.
Use any material.
5) Maintain silence and do not disturb others.
So, get ready to work in groups.
Compiling booklets about individual parts of the continent - work in groups.
I gr. – Atlas Mountains
II gr. – Ethiopian Highlands
III gr. – Drakensberg Mountains
IV gr. - Cape Mountains.
V gr. – East African plateau
Plan: 1) In what part of the continent is the landform located? 2) In what direction does it stretch? 3)What are the dimensions? 4)What are the highest altitudes, prevailing altitudes? 5) Do you know this?
The teacher controls and coordinates the work of groups .
Teacher :
When all the cards have been raised, that is, the groups are ready to answer, take your seats.
Slide No. 2 – Lesson objectives
The teacher listens carefully and understands the goals of the lesson.
They independently familiarize themselves with the lesson plan and begin to implement it.
Slide No. 3 – Lesson Plan
Presentation
Slide No. 4- No. 7
Messages from group members –project presentation “Africa is part of the ancient continent.”
Listen to a group of students presenting a project.
The teachers are listening.
Teachers answer questions, complement and correct each other.
They work with a textbook and atlas maps.
They work with the proposed task “Complete the sentences...”Slide No. 8
Test your knowledge:
At the base of the continent lies a platform on which the plains are located.
Folded areas correspond to mountains.
The relief of Africa is varied, these are plains, plateaus, lowlands, hills, mountains.
The mainland is dominated by plains.
The mountains are located mainly on the outskirts of the mainland.
They listen and understand the task.
Included in business game"Travel company
Work with textbook text and atlas maps
Start working with signal cards.
Concentration. Ensuring perception and awareness of new material.
The presentation enhances the perception of the essential aspects of the material being studied.
Development of speech, expansion of horizons.
Activation of cognitive motivation.
Teaching students their own activities to study new material (independence and awareness)
Development of working memory, voluntary attention.
Working with a textbook and atlas maps develops independent work skills and activates mental activity.
This moment of the lesson helps develop students’ ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships and make comparisons.
Primary awareness, generalization and systematization of new material.
Vocabulary work– checking the depth of understanding and eliminating gaps in the assimilation of educational material.
The gaming moment stimulates cognitive activity, interest in the material being studied.
Stage IV (23 min.) Consolidating the material. Development of skills and abilities.
setting a specific educational goal for students (what result should be achieved by students at this stage of the lesson);
determining the goals and objectives that the teacher sets for himself at this stage of the lesson;
description of forms and methods of achieving set goals during the consolidation of new educational material, taking into account individual characteristics students with whom the teacher works.
Organizes independent activities of students to reproduce new knowledge, organizes independent activities of students to apply new knowledge:
extracting new knowledge;
application of knowledge in new or changed conditions .
Listen to groups perform – advertising a travel company for routes in Africa
Conversation:
If you had the opportunity to travel, which part of Africa would you visit and why?
Which place on the explored continent best suits your mood right now?
Teacher:
Guys, in order to determine how you have mastered the material, you are offered multi-level tasks.
You will work with the tasks that you choose.
The teacher speaks out the instructions
Multi-level tasks.
Level 1:
What is the name of the plate on which the continent is located?
What else lies on the slab besides the mainland?
List the main tectonic structures on the territory of Africa.
Level 2:
Explain what processes occur when plates collide and move apart?
Confirm the correctness of the statement - Africa is a continent of plains.
Compare the influence of external and internal processes on the formation of Africa's topography and the distribution of minerals.
Level 3:
Imagine and explain what will happen to Africa's GP after many thousands of years.
Draw a conclusion about the influence of the tectonic structure of Africa on its topography and the distribution of minerals.
After finishing work, you guys can take the assignments home and work on them all.
Reproduce new knowledge acquired and created independently (during the research); carry out activities to apply new knowledge:
analyze the task proposed by the teacher;
Based on new knowledge, they determine the properties of text styles.
They listen to performances by guys from other groups.
Supplement the answers of my comrades.
They express their opinion.
Appendix No. 2
Checking the completion of tasks:
Guys, who chose the level 1 tasks?
1 level per screen;
Level 2 and 3 listen to the answers.
Slide number 9
Answers to questions from level 1 assignments:
1.The plate on which Africa is located is called the African plate.
2. In addition to the continent, the beds of the Atlantic and Indian oceans lie on the plate.
3. Main tectonic structures: African-Arabian platform and areas of ancient and ancient folding.
Fostering responsibility and the ability to rejoice in the successes of comrades
Developing the ability to apply knowledge in practice.
Formation of a conscious, subjective attitude towards what is being studied.
Developing the ability to operate with acquired knowledge and solve practical and theoretical tasks.
Consolidation of knowledge in a non-standard situation.
Fostering discipline, camaraderie, and mutual assistance.
Providing differentiated assistance, ensuring control and self-control.
Development of speech, memory, imagination, listening skills
Development of the ability to reproduce the main ideas of educational material.
Creating a situation of success when using various forms of securing material.
Formation of independence.
Incorporation of new knowledge into the system of studied material.
Teacher: - Guys, now we need to check how you have learned new material. You are invited to complete the test - “Relief of Africa”.Test
I . Select the landform that is on the platform:
1. Folded go ry. 2. Old Go ry
3. Plains .
II . Identify the main reason for frequent earthquakes in East Africa
1. There is a platform at the base here.
2. Mountain relief forms predominate here F
3. There are many igneous rocks here.
4. There is a major fault in the earth’s crust.
III . In Africa there is a highly elevated area, fragmented by shifts in the earth’s crust; here are the highest peaks of the continent, extinct and active volcanoes:
1. Ethiopian Highlands .
2. Cape Mountains.
3. East African Plateau.
4. Madagascar.
IV . According to the relief, Africa is:
1. The highest continent of the Earth whether.
2. Plains with an altitude of 200 to 1000 meters predominate here.
3. There are extensive lowlands here.
4. There are no mountains here at all.
V . These mountains were formed at the junction of lithospheric plates:
1. Cape Mountains.
2. Atlas.
3. Drakensberg Mountains.
4. Ethiopian Highlands.
Answer form
№ question
Answer numbers
Carefully read the test and begin to complete the task.
Slide No. 10
Working with tests allows you to implement operational control students' knowledge, abilities, skills on a new topic, helps to draw a conclusion about the level of awareness and strength of knowledge on the topic, and evaluate the work of all students.
Stage V (2 min.) Reflection
description of criteria that allow determining the degree to which students have mastered new educational material;
a description of possible ways and methods of responding to situations when the teacher determines that some students have not mastered the new educational material.
Forms personal responsibility for the result of the lesson.
Determine their emotional state in class.
What new things did you learn and learn during the lesson?
What did you like about the lesson?
Who did you like?
What do you remember?
What task would you like to do again?
The teacher thanks everyone for their work and encourages active students for their competent and correct answers in class.
Posting grades for the lesson in the journal.
They actively participate in the conversation, express their opinions and attitudes towards the lesson.
Development of skills to draw conclusions, objectively evaluate the level of achieved lesson goals, and the work of comrades.
VI. Homework - 1 min.
setting goals for independent work for students (what students should do while doing homework);
determining the goals that the teacher wants to achieve by assigning homework;
determining and explaining to students the criteria for successfully completing homework.
Organizes the activities of students to independently determine the content and volume of the work that everyone needs to do individually at home.
Students determine the content and scope of their homework. Develop or outline an individual action plan.
The teacher offers to write down homework in diaries. Concretizes it, ensures that it is understood by all students.D/z § 21, questions at the end of the paragraph in writing in a notebook:
1. Determine the maximum and minimum heights of Africa using the map.
Determine the amplitude of height fluctuations within the continent.
2. Mark on the outline map all the forms mentioned in the paragraph
relief.
3. Determine on the map in which country the points with
maximum and minimum heights.__
Independent work on contour maps - mark (label) the main landforms and minerals.
Write homework in diaries and ask clarifying questions.
Slide No. 11
Homework motivation,
creating an atmosphere of goodwill and confidence in its successful implementation by all students.
Exercise. Write down the numbers of the correct answers in the table.
1
. Kilimanjaro.
4
. Ben-Secca.
7
. Guinean.
10
.Suez.
13
.D. Livingston.
16
.30.3 million km2.
2
. Madagascar
5
. Bengal.
8
.
Almadi.
11
.Kalimantan.
14
.Rock.
17
.Equator.
3
. Needle.
6
. Somalia.
9
. Gibraltar.
12
Vavilov.
15
.Mariato.
18
.Ras Hafun.
19
.22.6 million km2.
Review questions on the topic “ Geographical location Africa"
Write down the numbers of the correct answers
The largest island off the coast of Africa.
Africa area.
Northernmost point.
The highest altitude in Africa is 5895 m. It is called...
Africa intersects almost in the middle...
Africa is separated from Europe by a shallow and narrow strait.
Southernmost point.
In the northeast it is connected to Eurasia by an isthmus.
The largest peninsula in Africa.
Great Gulf of Africa - Guinea.
Westernmost point.
He crossed Africa from west to east, explored the Zambezi, discovered Victoria Falls, described the upper reaches of the Congo, Lake Nyasa.
Easternmost point.
He collected more than 6,000 samples of cultivated plants and established that Ethiopia is the birthplace of valuable varieties of wheat.
Test on the topic “Relief of Africa”
Choose the correct statement:
A. There are no active volcanoes on the mainland.
B. Africa has few mineral deposits.
B. The Cape Mountains were formed during ancient folding.
North Africa has many minerals of sedimentary origin, because... Most of its territory is covered with a thick layer of... rocks:
A. Metamorphic.
B. Volcanic.
V. Sedimentary.
At the junction of lithospheric plates in Africa there are mountains:
A. Drakonovs.
B. Atlas.
V. Kapskie.
The largest fault in the earth's crust on land passes through the territory:
A. East Africa.
B. West Africa.
V. North Africa.
The largest amount of oil is produced in Africa:
A. On the coast of the Gulf of Guinea and in North Africa.
B. On the Red Sea coast and in South Africa.
B. In the Mozambique Channel and on the Somali Peninsula.
Fill out the table.
Name of the mountains
Highest point
Name
Height
Atlas
Ahaggar Highlands
Tibesti Highlands
Ethiopian Highlands
Darfur Plateau
East African
plateau
Drakensberg Mountains
Match the concepts:
East African plateau
Ahaggar Highlands a) Shields
Libyan Desert b) Plates
Congo River Basin
Darfur Plateau
Lake Chad basin
Kalahari Desert
1 slide
Completed by: Valentina Alekseevna Tudvaseva, category 1 teacher at Municipal Educational Institution “General Educational School No. 14”, Ivakinsky Quarry, Alexandrovsk, Perm Territory.
2 slide
Purpose of the lesson: to learn about the uniqueness of the relief of Africa; identify the reasons for this uniqueness; identify patterns in the placement of landforms and tectonics.
3 slide
Lesson plan: Test (checking homework) Repetition of previously covered material Practical work Features of the relief of Africa Minerals Crossword Homework Reflection
4 slide
Test yourself! 1. Match using arrows: Date Explorer Discovery 1498 Late XIX V. Mid XIX V. 1926 – 1927 Vavilov N.I.D. Livingston Vasco da Gama Juncker V.V. Zambezi River, Victoria Falls, description of the beginning of the Congo River, Lake Nyasa, etc. Information about Central and Eastern Africa. He collected 6,000 samples of cultivated plants and proved that Ethiopia is the birthplace of wheat. Completed opening sea route to India, circumnavigated South Africa.
5 slide
2. Choose the correct answer: A. Africa is ... the largest continent in terms of territory. 1) first 2) second 3) third 4) fourth B. The southernmost point of Africa is... 1) Cape Ben Sekka 2) Cape Agulhas 3) Cape Ras Hafun 4) Cape Almadi C. Africa is washed by the waters of... 1) the Indian Ocean 2) Quiet and Atlantic Oceans 3) Atlantic and Indian oceans 4) Pacific and Indian oceans D. The area of Africa (together with the islands) is equal to ... million square meters. km. 1) 54.9 2) 30.3 3) 24.2 4) 17.8 11-12 points – “5” 9-10 points – “4” 6-8 points – “3” less than 6 points – “2” "
6 slide
The relief is depicted on the map using layer-by-layer coloring, that is, color (green and brown) of different intensities. Participants with heights from 0 to 200 m are painted green, and from 200 to 500 m - light brown, etc. Which color corresponds to a certain height or depth can be seen on the scale of heights and depths, which is available on any physical map. Relief image on the map
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Goal: to form general ideas about the relief of Africa; establish a connection between the structure of the earth's crust and relief. Equipment: physical map of Africa; map of the structure of the earth's crust. Work plan: 1. Using the physical map of Africa, determine the main forms of relief of Africa, apply them to contour map. Using a physical map of Africa, fill out Table 1. Using the data in the table, construct a diagram comparing the mountains of Africa by height. 2. Analyze the “Structure of the Earth’s Crust” map. Determine at what time the African-Arabian Plate was formed. 3. Establish a connection between the structure of the earth’s crust and the relief of Africa. Fill out table 2. Practical work.
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Comparison of mountains by height Names of mountains Highest point name height Atlas Toubkal 4165 m Akhagar Takhat Highlands 2918 m Tibesti Highlands Emi-kusi 3415 m Ethiopian Highlands Ras Dashen 4620 m East African Plateau Kilimanjaro 5895 m Drakensberg Mountains Cathkin Peak 3657 m Cape Mountains 2 326 m Darfur Marra Plateau 3088 m
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4165 m 2918 m 3415 m 4620 m 5895 m 3657 m 2326 m 3088 m Atlas Akhagar highlands Tibesti highlands Ethiopian highlands East African plateau Drakensberg Mountains Cape Mountains Darfur plateau
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Relationship between the main forms of relief and the structure of the earth's crust Basic forms of relief Structure of the earth's crust Atlas Region of new folding Sahara Desert Ancient platform Ethiopian Highlands Ancient platform, continental fault zone Akhagar Highlands Ancient platform Tibesti Highlands Ancient platform East African Plateau Ancient platform, region of ancient folding, continental fault zone Drakensberg Mountains Ancient platform Cape Mountains Region of ancient folding Kalahari Desert Ancient platform
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Low Africa has predominantly altitudes not exceeding 1000 m. The predominant altitudes of High Africa are 1000-1500 m, and the most high mountains(Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Rwenzori) exceed 5000 m. Despite the fact that the relief of a significant part of Africa is flat, according to the prevailing altitudes the continent is divided into Low Africa (North, Western, Central) and High Africa (East , South). Features of the relief of Africa
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Scheme of the East African Rifts The East African Rift System is the longest fault belt on land, stretching for almost 6 thousand km. Volcanoes and narrow, deep depressions rise along it. This system consists of a series of horsts and grabens. Fault line
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Horst is a section of the earth’s crust that occupies an elevated position and is bounded by faults. A graben is a depressed section of the earth's crust, separated by faults.
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ATLAS (Atlas Mountains), in northwest Africa, within Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Length about 2000 km. It consists of the Tel Atlas, High Atlas, Middle Atlas, Saharan Atlas ranges, internal plateaus and plains. Height up to 4165 m (Mount Toubkal). Volcano KILIMANJARO is the highest point in Africa. In the African language, “Kalimangara” means “shining mountain”. This is a volcanic massif with a height of 5895 m in East Africa, Tanzania.
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In the extreme south of the African continent rise the CAPE MOUNTAINS (up to 2326 m high), composed mainly of sandstones and quartzites. THE DRAGON MOUNTAINS are located in southeast Africa. Height up to 3482 m The small mountains of Africa have a flat surface, like a table, and are called table mountains.
To form in students an idea of the tectonic structure, relief and mineral resources of Africa - their composition, structure, location. Continue to develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships, work with geographic maps and compare them.
What is Africa's area by area? (Second in the world) In how many hemispheres is Africa located? (In four) What is Almadi? (Cape) Which cape is the southernmost point of Africa? (Needles) Which continent is closest to Africa? (Eurasia) What strait separates Africa from Europe? (Gibraltar) Northern Cape of Africa. m. Almadi m. Agulhas Strait of Gibraltar (Ben Sekka) m. Ben Sekka
Name the famous explorer. He crossed South Africa from west to east, explored the Zambezi River, and discovered a large beautiful waterfall on it, which he named Victoria. Who led the expedition, which from 1926 to 1927. collected 6,000 specimens of cultivated plants in Africa? David Livingston Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov
How many lithospheric plates is Africa located on? Are there areas of collision with other plates? If so, where, and what processes occur during a collision? What is the name of the plate and platform on which the continent is located? What age are the mountains located on the mainland? In what direction and at what speed is the plate moving? (African plate, African platform) (On the same lithospheric plate) (African and Eurasian plates collide.) (Ancient mountains: Cape and Drakensberg; young mountains: Atlas) (Plate moves to the northeast)
What is relief? How do you see the dependence of landforms on the structure of the continent’s crust? Remember the landforms you have studied. (The set of irregularities in the earth's surface, varying in size, origin and age, is called relief) (Plains are located on platforms, and mountains are located in areas of folding.) Land relief plains lowlands m hills m plateaus more than 500 m mountains low m medium m high more than 2000 m
What landforms predominate in Africa? What are the reasons for the diversity of relief? East Africa is home to the largest rift in the earth's crust. It stretches along the Red Sea through the Ethiopian Highlands to the mouth of the Zambezi River. Think about what his education is related to?
P/nName of the relief formName of the highest point Absolute height of the point, m 1 Tubkal 4165 2 Akhkhagarg highland. Tahat 3Ethiopian Highlands Darfur Plateau 6Tibesti Highlands3415 Using the physical map of Africa, fill in the table with the missing data.
Minerals of sedimentary origin correspond to the plains, which are the northern, western and central parts of the continent. Minerals of igneous origin correspond to the mountainous terrain, and this is the eastern and southeastern parts of the continent. Consequently, there is a certain connection between the structure of the earth’s crust, relief and minerals, namely: plains and deposits of sedimentary minerals correspond to the platforms. Minerals of igneous origin are found on plains where the crystalline foundation of the platform comes close to the earth's surface, as well as along fault lines in the earth's crust. The folded areas correspond to mountains and minerals of igneous origin. Sedimentary minerals are found in mountains formed on the site of an ancient sea.
1. Located at the junction of two lithospheric plates 1) Drakensberg Mountains; 2) Cape Mountains; 3) Atlas Mountains; 2. The highest point in Africa 1) Kilimanjaro volcano; 2)volcano Kenya; 3) Cameroon volcano. 3. Huge reserves of 1) copper ores have been discovered in North Africa and on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea; 2) diamonds; 3) oil. 4. Highlands in eastern Africa 1) Ahaggar; 2) Ethiopian; 3) Tibesti. 5. Mountains in southeast Africa 1) Drakensberg Mountains; 2) Cape Mountains; 3) Atlas Mountains; 1.3; 2.1; 3.3; 4.2; 5.1. Library of electronic visual aids “Geography classes” Nikitin N.A. Lesson developments in geography. 7th grade. – M.: “WAKO”, africa/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg africa/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg g?uselang=ru g?uselang=ru highlands_01_mod.jpg/640px- Ethiopian_highlands_01_mod.jpg?uselang=ru highlands_01_mod .jpg/640px- Ethiopian_highlands_01_mod.jpg?uselang=en
