Extracurricular activity on ecology for junior schoolchildren. Abstract

Novikova Ekaterina Mikhailovna, head of the department for core activities of the State Educational Institution “Slutsk Ecological and Biological Center for Students”, Slutsk, Minsk region, Republic of Belarus.
Purpose of the lesson: contribute to expanding students' knowledge about the importance of zoos and the species diversity of zoo animals.
Tasks:
Educational– expand knowledge about the functions and features of zoos, rules of conduct and safety measures when interacting with animals.
Developmental– develop communication skills during interactive games.
Educating– cultivate a culture of communication and respect for nature.
Children's age: 6 - 10 years
Teaching methods used in the training session:
- verbal method(explanation, conversation);
- visual method(demonstration of images, presentations);
- practical method(exercise)
- game method (games, quiz).
Logistics support training session: paper, pens, colored pencils, animal illustrations, multimedia installation, multimedia presentation.

Lesson structure:
1. Organizational stage (2 min)
Greetings. Message of the topic, purpose of the lesson.

Mini-conversation “Where are we?”

3.1. Interactive conversation"Who lives in the zoo?"
3.2. Physical education lesson “Habits of monkeys”
3.4.Exercise “Natural habitat”
4. Control and correction stage (15 min)
4.1. Interactive game“Who lives in this cage?”
5. Reflection. (5 min)
Summing up the lesson. Interactive game "Suitcase".

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
1.Organizational stage (2 min)
Hello guys, today we will go on an excursion to the zoo, but we will do it without leaving the classroom. During the lesson we will get acquainted with various animals, study their habits, and also find out why zoos are created.

2. Orientation-motivational stage (3 min)
Mini-conversation “Where are we?”
Teacher: Guys, I ask you to guess the riddle.
This is a very strange garden
There are animals in cages there,
They call it a park
People are relaxing in the park.
There are shelters, enclosures,
There are animals walking behind the fence.
What do we call this park?
And let's go see the animals?
Student: Zoo
Teacher: Of course, this is a zoo. Various animals live in the zoo different countries peace. Each animal is unique, some of them are rare, listed in the Red Book. Now I will ask you all to get up from your seats and walk around the classroom.
(Imitation cages with animals are placed around the class, which are hung with fabric. Students can go to any cage and remove the cloth with which the cage is hung.)
Teacher: You can go to any cage, pay attention to the animals that are in the cages. These animals can be found in many zoos. Today we will get to know each of them.
Teacher: Guys, maybe some of these animals are your favorites?
(students answer the question)
So, let's begin.

3. Operational-cognitive stage (20 min)
3.1. Interactive conversation “Who lives in the zoo”
A presentation is shown throughout the conversation. (Appendix 1)
Teacher: Guys, how many of you know what a zoo is?
Student: A unique museum of wildlife.
Student: A facility for keeping animals in captivity for the purpose of exhibiting them.
Student: This is a place where people come with their loved ones and friends to take a break from the city noise and everyday bustle.
Teacher: Okay, everything you said is correct. According to "Biological encyclopedic dictionary» The zoo is a scientific and educational institution whose tasks include demonstrating the diversity of the animal world, disseminating knowledge about nature, promoting animal conservation and preserving the gene pool of rare and endangered animal species.
The main function of all zoos is the conservation of species. A zoo can house and study rare and endangered species in order to create artificial populations in captivity. That is, zoos are genetic banks for the conservation of rare and endangered species of animals by keeping specific individuals in order to obtain offspring from them and further develop their populations in captivity.
Teacher: Zoos contain animals from all over the world; every animal is unique, each with its own characteristics and habits. Now we will get to know some animals in more detail. Let's start our acquaintance with such an amazing animal as nutria (swamp beaver).
Nutria is a rodent mammal that looks like a rat.

Nutria can stay under water for 10 minutes.
Poor vision and sense of smell are compensated by acute hearing.
The external clumsiness of nutria is deceptive: if necessary, it moves quite quickly.
Nutria fur is highly valued in fur farms and the fur industry in general.
Keeping nutria in zoos is not so easy. Since these animals lead a semi-aquatic lifestyle, they need water in the enclosure in which they can splash.
Teacher: What animal? we're talking about. They are caught and eaten by wolves, large birds of prey kidnap the cubs, and the golden eagle even attacks adults. What kind of animals are these?
Student: Fox.

Teacher: That's right, it's all about the fox. Although the fox itself is a predator, many animals also hunt it. There are envelopes on your tables, I ask you to open them. As you can see, there are drawings of tails, your task is to find the tail that belongs to the fox.

(each student raises the drawing with the correct tail, the teacher checks the correctness of the task)
The tail is a very important organ for a fox. While running, it helps her keep her balance, and in winter it serves as additional protection from the cold.
Foxes are very active, so keeping foxes requires a lot of space. Create necessary conditions very difficult. The enclosure should be spacious, with various elevations and pits, so that the animal can move a lot.
Teacher: There are also animals in zoos that are accustomed to living where it is cold, beyond the Arctic Circle. Do you know such animals?
Student: Polar bear, reindeer, walrus and seal.
Teacher: Well, there is another animal that lives next to the polar bear and eats what the bear did not eat. What kind of animal is this?
Student: Arctic fox.

Teacher: Arctic fox is very interesting beast. He is omnivorous, which helps him survive in the wild, and his warm fur protects him from the cold. The young leave their parents in late autumn or early winter, approximately 4 months after birth. But by the following summer, they return to their parents and help raise their new offspring.
It is not very difficult to create conditions for an arctic fox to live in an enclosure; they just need free space and shade.
Teacher: Try to guess the next animal by its eyes, take an envelope with the number 2 from the tables, there are drawings of animal eyes and brief description animal. You need to read the description, guess what animal we are talking about, and find the drawing of its eyes. You have 2 minutes to complete the task.

(each student raises the drawing with the correct eyes, the teacher checks the correctness of the task)
Teacher: Well done guys, you answered correctly. This is a chameleon. Any animal that can change color and look in two directions at once is worth learning more about. Armed with his long tongue, the chameleon is perhaps one of the most interesting reptiles on our planet.
Most chameleons vary in color from brown to green to black, but some can become almost any color. The change can happen in less than 20 seconds. Chameleons are born with special cells containing color pigment inside. These cells lie in layers under the chameleon's outer skin. They are called chromatophores. The top layer of chromatophores has a red or yellow pigment, the bottom one has blue or white pigment.
When these cells change, the color of the chameleon's skin changes. Chromatophores change when they receive a signal from the brain. This signal tells cells to expand or contract. Because of this, the pigments mix like paint. A chemical called melanin also helps the chameleon change color. Melanin fibers can spread like a spider's web through layers of pigment cells, and their presence causes the skin to darken.
Many people think that chameleons change color to blend into the background. Studies have shown that mood, light and temperature cause chameleons to change color. Sometimes a change of color can “calm” a chameleon, and sometimes it helps individuals communicate with each other.
To keep chameleons in captivity, it is necessary to have a large number of branches in the terrarium, there must be heating, as well as the presence of sand.

3.2. Physical education lesson “Habits of monkeys”
Teacher: Now we will have a little rest. And for a few minutes we will turn into monkeys - the most common inhabitants of zoos. They are very active, with very curious habits. I will ask everyone to get up from their seats, listen carefully and repeat after me.
The monkey woke up: one, two, three. (rubbing our eyes)
The monkey stretched: one, two, three. (reached up)
And she went looking for something to eat: one, two, three. (walking in place)
In front of her is a large palm tree: one, two, three. (look up)
And there are bananas on the palm tree: one, two, three. (pull the handles up)
You need to shake the palm tree: one, two, three. (shaking the palm tree)
All the bananas fell: one, two, three. (look down)
We'll pick up a banana: one, two, three. (squat)
And, of course, we ate them: one, two, three. (we rub our belly)
Well done guys, we had a little rest, warmed up, and we can continue working.
During physical education, I think many of you noticed that primates have habits that are in many ways similar to human behavior.

3.3.Exercise “Natural habitat”
Exercise rules:
Students form two teams in random order, each of which is given envelopes with a task (Appendix 2). They need to divide the animals according to their habitat: residents of Africa and residents of the Republic of Belarus. As clues, the pictures show animals in natural conditions(the image may include forests, rocks, vegetation typical for a particular area). You have 5 minutes to complete the task. At the end of the time, the teacher checks the correctness of the task.
Teacher: For further work, you need to unite in two teams: “Predators” and “Herbivores”. I will distribute envelopes with different tasks to each team. Your task is to “resettle” the animals in their habitats. After all, animals from different parts live in the zoo. globe, but every animal has its own “home”. You have 5 minutes to complete the task. Time has passed.
Teacher: So, let's see how you completed the task.
(each team names animals and their habitats; the teacher corrects the students’ answers as necessary)
Teacher: You all did a very good job. Therefore, we move on to the next stage of our excursion.

4. Control and correction stage (15 min)
4.1. Interactive game “Who lives in this cage?”
Rules of the game:
The game takes place in several rounds. In the first round, students need to find the answer to a riddle about an animal (go to the cell with the answer). The teacher reads out the riddles and corrects the students’ “answers.” When students guess the last riddle, they approach the cage in which there is a sign with a task. The game moves on to the next round. In the second round, students need to independently find answers to the tasks written on the tablet. The correct answer will lead to the next animal. The game continues until students find a sign with a picture of a desk. This will indicate that they can sit down in their seats.

Teacher: Guys, today we talked a lot about animals, their habits, nutrition, and natural habitat. Now we will play, your task is to listen to me very carefully and follow all the steps.
Progress of the game
Round 1. “Who am I?”
Teacher: Guys, now I’ll ask you to stand up. In our class, in addition to large cages, there are also small ones, in which various animals also live. Your task is to approach the cage with the animal in question.
1. Gray, but not a wolf, long-eared, but not a hare,
With hooves, but not a horse.
(donkey)

2. We saw at the Zoo
Exotic distances:
Parrots and monkeys,
Crocodiles, polar bears,
And in the water, with his mouth open,
Surprised everyone...
(hippopotamus)

3. B southern countries we live
We love all bananas.
And we won’t live without them,
We are...
(monkeys)

4. This beast is very tall
And the door won’t fit into the apartment.
Don't invite him to visit,
Better yet, go see him yourself.
He's at the zoo, dear brother,
I'm always glad to see you.
(giraffe)

5. If I want to eat -
I'm not going anywhere
And I’ll crawl into a hole,
In mom's bag -...
(kangaroo)

6. I once saw in the forest
Dark red beauty.
She jumped along the branches,
Apparently she was looking for cones there.
(squirrel).

Round 2 “In which cage?”
Teacher: Very good, now pay attention to the cage with the squirrel. You see, there is something in the cage. I will ask you to take the task board out of the cage and read what is written there.
Squirrel cage
The brain of this animal weighs 5 kilograms, the heart - 20-30 kilograms. It beats at a frequency of 30 beats per minute. To feed such a “colossus”, he has to look for food and eat most of the day, at least 20 hours. He eats from 45 to 450 kilograms of plant food per day and drinks from 100 to 300 liters of water. (ELEPHANT)

Elephant cage
These animals have gained a bad reputation due to the pungent substance with a persistent unpleasant odor secreted by the anal glands. They can spray this secret at a distance of up to 6 m, but they do this only for the purpose of self-defense and with a warning - first the animal raises its tail and stomps its feet, warning the enemy that it still has a chance to escape. (SKUNK)

Skunk cage
The eyelashes of these animals consist of two rows. Nature did this to protect the eyes from the desert sands. They can also close their nostrils and lips to keep sand out. This animal can drink up to 7 liters of water per day. (CAMEL)

Camel cage
This is the largest rodent known. To communicate with each other, these animals use different sounds, they resemble a dog barking, grunting, purring, whistling, squealing. They can dive and hold their breath underwater for up to 5 minutes. (CAPIBARA)

The Moscow Zoo is one of the oldest zoos in Europe and the fourth largest zoo in Russia after the zoos of Yaroslavl, Rostov-on-Don and Novosibirsk. Founded in 1864. It has a stable number of visitors per year - up to 3.5 million people. It is among the top ten zoos in the world in terms of attendance. Its collection includes 1,132 species of animals; the number of living specimens is more than 5,000 individuals. It has the status of the head zoo of Russia, the headquarters of the Euro-Asian Association of Zoos and Aquariums (EARAZA). Active participant in international projects for maintaining/studying species in the wild (rehabilitation and reintroduction), breeding rare animal species in captivity. The zoo is located next to the Garden Ring between Krasnaya Presnya, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya and Zoologicheskaya streets. The main entrance is located at the intersection of Krasnaya Presnya and Bolshaya Gruzinskaya, not far from the Barrikadnaya and Krasnopresnenskaya metro stations. Until 2014, the symbol of the Moscow Zoo was the wild steppe cat - the manul. After a change in management, the symbol was changed to a stylized image of pelicans, squirrels, dolphins and pigeons.

The Moscow Zoo was organized by the Russian Imperial Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants and was inaugurated on January 31, 1864 (new style - February 12). One of the main initiators of its creation was Moscow University professor Anatoly Petrovich Bogdanov. He called the zoo a “living open-air museum.” The architect of the first buildings of the zoo was P. S. Campioni. The first inspector (director) of the zoo was Professor Ya. N. Kalinovsky. Without full state support, the zoo found itself in a difficult financial situation from the very first years. Proceeds from the entrance fee, donations from the Imperial Family and private individuals did not cover the zoo's expenses for the purchase of animal care, construction and repair of buildings. Trying to improve the zoo's budget, the Acclimatization Society sold many animals abroad, as a result of which the exhibition became poorer and attendance fell. In 1874, the zoo was leased by the Society for several years to the private entrepreneur A. A. Ryabinin, as a result of which by 1878 the garden fell into almost complete decline. In the 1880s - 1890s, the situation improved thanks to donations from private individuals, the skillful and dedicated work of A. P. Bogdanov, A. N. Maklakov, V. V. Popov, V. A. Vagner, N. M. Kulagin and many other prominent members of the Acclimatization Society. And yet, by 1900, the zoo's debts amounted to a huge sum of 100,000 rubles at that time. In 1903, the Society again leased the zoo to the then director of the garden, I. A. Antushevich, and again this only worsened the state of affairs. During historical events In 1905-1907, the zoo found itself at the center of revolutionary battles and suffered greatly: the newly built Aquarium was destroyed, many wooden buildings were burned, the archives and library were burned, and many animals died. In 1913, the zoo was seriously damaged by a flood. But especially...

The Moscow Zoological Garden is one of the oldest zoos in Europe. Its collection includes more than 1000 species of various animals.

Moscow Center for Cultural Life

The official opening date is February 13, 1864, which was previously called the Zoological Garden. It was opened thanks to the All-Russian Society for the Acclimatization of Plants and Animals on the site of a city park.

The zoo became the center of cultural life in Moscow and was a unique place throughout Russia, due to the difficult climatic conditions in the central part of the country. The zoo immediately became a popular place to visit.

In the first years, the number of visitors exceeded 10,000 people, which provided funding for the zoo. However, over time this was not enough for repairs, construction and the acquisition of new animals. Huge debts arose, as a result of which the zoo became owned by the private Ryabinin family. This almost led to the complete ruin of the zoo, and in 1878 it was again returned to society.

Thematic areas of the zoo

Upon entering the zoo, visitors see the Great Pond. Most of the waterfowl are found here. Along the pond there are small artificial islands with small bird shelters.

Next to the Big Pond is the “Cats of the Tropics” pavilion, where you can see tigers, jaguars and other representatives of the cat family.

It is also worth paying attention to the enclosure with bears.

The zoo has a dolphinarium where you can watch shows of whales and dolphins. While on the territory of the zoo, you can see a total of more than 8,000 different individuals. The park is divided into several thematic zones, each with specific species and families of animals. It’s easier to go and see it all than to describe it for a long time.

Difficult times in the history of the zoo

There were sad moments in the history of the zoo. In 1905, as a result of revolutionary battles, the zoo was seriously damaged and many animals died.

In 1919 the zoo was handed over to state power. Since then, funding has been increased, its territory has expanded and many new inhabitants have appeared.

During the Second World War, the zoo continued its activities. During the war, about six million people visited it.

Reconstruction of park areas

At the end of 1960, the zoo was annexed to the Main Directorate of Culture, and its territory continued to expand. Gradually, new species of individuals were purchased, and the park zones began to be divided into thematic ones. The zoo has been reconstructed more than once. The Moscow Zoo is becoming one of the largest scientific and educational institutions in Moscow and a favorite vacation spot for Muscovites and guests of the capital.

The zoo is located next to the Garden Ring on Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street. Open every day except Monday.

Located in the very center of Moscow, surrounded by noisy streets Moscow Zoo- the oldest zoo in Europe, founded 150 years ago in 1864 by the Imperial Russian Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants in the favorite place of Muscovites on Presnensky Ponds. The first inhabitant of the Zoo was an elephant, which Emperor Alexander II himself gave to the society, calling on everyone to bring animals and birds here. We invite you to visit our excursions to the zoo both for schoolchildren and children, and for adults.

At first it was not a large menagerie, which contained domestic animals, wild animals and birds, and a dozen reptiles. The Russian fauna was best represented, because the creators of the “living open-air museum” wanted to show the audience, first of all, our native nature. But there were also exotic animals on display.
Today on a huge zoo territory separated by a large pedestrian bridge, there are exhibitions that are home to more than a thousand various types animals and birds. You can see all this on zoo program.
« New» territory:
- In the children's zoo, the youngest visitors will be able to see those animals that children learn about from fairy tales and books. Here live real seven kids, a fox and a crane, a wise owl and even the cow Murka with the cat Matroskin
- Pavilion « Terrarium", here you can see reptiles: crocodiles, pythons and boas, turtles, iguanas
- « Primate House" or " Monkeyman" The most visited pavilion of the Moscow Zoo, the undeniable similarities between humans and monkeys always attract spectators, young and old. In total, about 30 species of monkeys live here. You can see animals all year round.
- Stable with horses. One of the oldest pavilions of the zoo, there is always a crowd of people around the enclosures with horses and ponies, and for the youngest visitors of the zoo there is an attraction - a pony riding circuit.
- A corner of the African savannah. Giraffes, various antelopes, zebras and African ostrich coexist perfectly here; a family of meerkats has settled here relatively recently.
- Pavilion « Exotarium" Here, in a dimly lit hall, but in brightly lit aquariums, representatives of coral reefs and more than a hundred species of reef fish and shellfish live. In addition to marine life, in the Exotarium you can see spectacled leaf-noses, leaf-cutter ants and ground bumblebees.
- Only in some zoos in the world, incl. In the Moscow Zoo there are rooms called “ Insectarium» where a collection of insects and other invertebrates is exhibited: spiders, scorpions, scolopendras, snails, numerous beetles, butterflies and crickets.
- On island of animals live Amur tigers, funny noses (raccoons), brown and Himalayan bears, polar wolves and the “king of beasts” - asian lion.
- Separate apartments in the zoo have different horned and humpbacked animals: deer and camels.
- Pavilion « Fauna of Indonesia" The variety of aquatic and semi-aquatic birds will blow your mind, especially in the warm season. And the pond next to the pavilion called “Swamp” is at the complete disposal of cormorants and pelicans.
- Mountain ungulates, various goats, gallop along the real rock “Turya Gorka”.
- IN exposition « Polar world» inhabited by the inhabitants of the Far North - polar owls and polar bears.

« old» zoo territory inhabited by representatives of the Australian fauna (Emu), animals South America(llama, vicuña), representatives of the fauna of Russia, inhabiting a wide variety of landscapes - icy deserts and dry steppes, tundra and taiga, sea coasts and mountain ranges; eagles listed in the “Red” Book live on the cliff of birds of prey. The building, built in oriental style, houses the Elephant House. The Asian elephant family has lived at the zoo for almost 30 years, during which time they have had five children. The pearl of the bird collection is rightfully considered to be the cranes and storks that live in the spacious enclosures of the “Bird House” (more than 70 species of birds in total). Relatives of dogs from the canine family are red wolves and arctic foxes. A Steller sea lion, a member of the eared seal family, lives in an enclosure with a small pool. Zoo visitors have a special affinity for the cat family: cheetahs, tigers and jaguars live in the “Cats of the Tropics” pavilion, and lynxes, leopards, and snow leopards live in the “Cat Row” enclosure. The Big Pond is a famous place; it has been preserved since the opening of the Zoo 150 years ago; it contains the bulk of the collection of waterfowl of the Moscow Zoo.
Cost of the program per person:
For reservations and orders, please contact our managers.

In July, residents of the Presnensky district will be able to sign up, and from August, residents of other Moscow districts will also be able to submit applications.

The Moscow Zoo is launching a new format - free evening walks. For the first time, instead of guides, zoo director Svetlana Akulova will tell visitors about animals. For the rest of the year, she will conduct tours on Mondays at 8 p.m. The director will introduce guests to his favorite inhabitants, talk about their habits, as well as how the country’s largest zoo works.

Walking with Svetlana Akulova will also allow neighbors - zoology lovers - to get to know each other. Each excursion will be conducted for residents of a specific area of ​​Moscow.

The first walk will take place on Monday, July 10, from 20:00 to 21:00 for citizens from the Presnensky district (where the zoo is located). You can sign up for it now.

To get on the excursion, you only need to present your passport. The entrance ticket to the zoo, as well as the excursion itself, will be free. If a resident of the Presnensky district comes with a companion living in another area, he will also be able to go for a walk.

In August, a page will appear on the zoo’s website where residents of other Moscow districts will be able to submit their applications. Excursions are organized for citizens from the areas from which the greatest number applications.

By the end of the year, the director will conduct several dozen walks around the zoo.

“Evening at the zoo is a special time when many animals that prefer to hide during the day become active. Come join us for a walk - great way take a break from the hustle and bustle of the working day in a quiet green corner in the very center of the city,” noted Svetlana Akulova.

The director will tell guests about the baby boom in the zoo and show the cubs that were born this year. Participants in the evening walks will have the opportunity to watch newly born elephants play, see how a growing elephant feasts on fruit, and see how an adult elephant Pipita teaches how to use her trunk.

Visitors will also be able to meet the symbol of the Moscow Zoo - the unsociable Pallas' cat, which comes out of hiding only in the evening. During the walk, visitors will be guided past pink flamingos. The birds have begun the nesting period, which will last until the end of July. The walk will end at the enclosure of the giraffe Samson, who turns 24 years old on August 5.

One excursion group will include about 25 people, including children at least six years old.

On July 8, the Moscow Zoo will host. On this day, visitors will be told about the strongest couples in the capital's zoo. Tours will begin at 11:00 near the main entrance to the zoo.