Spelling dictionary. The history of the appearance of a spelling dictionary Who created the first spelling dictionary of the Russian language

Spelling dictionaries, unlike explanatory dictionaries, consider words from the point of view of spelling. Such reference books exist to help schoolchildren, editors and specialists using terminology in areas of professional activity.

Pre-revolutionary spelling dictionaries in Russia

The first attempt to create a reference book of Russian spelling was made by Y.K. Grotto. His work “Russian Spelling,” first published in 1885, was accompanied by an index containing about three thousand words. On its basis, already in the twentieth century, spelling dictionaries were created, the editors and compilers of which were V. Kimental (1900), M. Altabaev (1913), V. Zelinsky (1914) and others.

With the advent of the new government in Russia, not only the political system, but also spelling norms changed. Accordingly, there is a need for reference and educational literature that explains and generalizes the new rules.

The first of the dictionaries of the new regime was the manual “My Dictionary. A quick guide to the new spelling. For students." Its author was V. Flerov. First published in 1918, it went through nine editions. I. Ustinov’s spelling reference book, published in 1921, supplemented with exercises for speech development, as well as a dictionary for secondary school students (1933) edited by D.N., were reprinted many times. Ushakova and S.E. Kryuchkov and other publications for primary and secondary schools.

In addition to publications for schoolchildren, a manual for journalists, editors and proofreaders of book publishing houses, written by Y. Khomutov in 1927, also appeared. It was approximately 100,000 words long. Proofreading reference books by various authors, published in the 1950s-1970s, were also supplied with voluminous spelling dictionaries in the form of appendices.

In 1945, a separate dictionary was published devoted to the rules for using the letter “e”. Its authors, K.I. Bylinsky, M.V. Svetlaev and S.E. Kryuchkov gave more than four and a half thousand examples of words using this letter.

Dictionaries edited by the famous linguist D.E. Rosenthal, which discuss the combined and separate spelling of words, as well as the correct use of uppercase and lowercase letters at the beginning of a word, appeared in the mid-80s of the twentieth century. They are still republished periodically.

Modern spelling dictionaries

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there were no global changes in spelling norms, so dictionaries published during the Soviet period are used on an equal basis with newly created ones.

Directory of Russian spelling, authored by N.V. Soloviev, was published in 1997. In 1999, a spelling dictionary appeared under the editorship of V.V. Lopatina. It was prepared in connection with the planned but still unrealized reform of the Russian language. This huge work, containing more than 160,000 lexical units, was created in a hurry, however, according to the author, it is the most complete collection of orthographic material taking into account modern trends.

1999 was also marked by the release of a series of reference books from the AST-Press publishing house, prepared by a group of authors, explaining the combined and separate spelling of words, the use of capital and lowercase letters, and the use of single and double letters “N”.

A language dictionary that gives the standard spelling of words. [GOST 7.60 2003] Subjects of the publication, main types and elements of EN spelling dictionary DE orthographisches Wörterbuch ... Technical Translator's Guide

spelling dictionary- spelling dictionary: A language dictionary that gives the standard spelling of words. Source: GOST 7.60 2003: System of standards for information, library and publishing ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

spelling dictionary- Rus: spelling dictionary Deu: orthographises Wörterbuch Eng: spelling dictionary A language dictionary that gives the standard spelling of words. GOST 7.60 ... Dictionary of Information, Librarianship and Publishing

spelling dictionary- a dictionary containing words in their standard literary pronunciation and spelling... Explanatory translation dictionary

See linguistic dictionary...

A dictionary that provides an explanation of the meaning and use of words (as opposed to an encyclopedic dictionary, which provides information about relevant objects, phenomena, and events). Dialect (regional) dictionary. Dictionary containing... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

SPELLING, spelling, spelling. adj. to spelling. Spelling rules. Spelling dictionary. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

- “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language”, edited by Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov, is one of the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. Under the editorship and with the author’s participation of D.N. Ushakov, in 1935-1940, 4 volumes of “Explanatory ... ... Wikipedia” were published

Dictionary- Dictionary 1) vocabulary, vocabulary of a language, dialect, any social group, individual writer, etc. 2) A reference book that contains words (or morphemes, phrases, idioms, etc.) arranged in a certain order … … Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary

A collection of words (sometimes also morphemes or phrases), arranged in a certain order, used as a reference book that explains the meaning of the units described, gives various information about them or their translation into another... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

Spelling dictionary, Ushakov Dmitry Nikolaevich, Kryuchkov Sergey Efimovich. “Spelling Dictionary” by D. N. Ushakov and S. E. Kryuchkov is known to everyone who studied at school. And this is no coincidence: the dictionary has been used for more than 70 years. Because it does not become obsolete, reflecting active changes...
Spelling dictionary, Gaibaryan O. (compiled). The spelling dictionary is an indispensable reference book for students and applicants. In it you can find all the answers to your questions regarding the spelling of words in the Russian language. This…

Competent written speech is an integral part of the life of a modern intellectually developed person. When conducting business correspondence, errors in spelling words are strictly unacceptable. This may indicate that the partners' personnel are poorly educated. Or illiterate personal messages when communicating on social networks, mobile instant messengers, or SMS correspondence can alienate people who have barely met.

If you have difficulty spelling words, it is better to consult a spelling dictionary.

Spelling dictionary meaning

Spelling dictionary- a dictionary in which words are placed in alphabetical order. It is difficult to select test words for these words to ensure that the required spelling is correct. These words need to be remembered. The most important function of this type of dictionary is to help you correctly write or pronounce a word whose spelling or pronunciation is difficult.

Features of dictionaries

In spelling dictionaries, all words are stressed. This helps improve the quality of not only written but also oral speech.

Distinctive features of the spelling dictionary:

if words with the same meaning can be written differently, then these words follow in one line through the conjunction “and”. For example, "tunnel" and "tunnel".

when writing some vocabulary units separately or together, in case of differences, they are placed on two lines (“slightly wounded” and “slightly wounded”, adj.)

verbs with postfixes “-sya” (“-сь”) are indicated in one line. For example, “run (sya), -ay, -et (sya).” This is also typical when writing participles: “he who sows.”

Dictionary categories

There are a huge number of dictionaries. For ease of use, they are divided into the following groups.

The main types of spelling dictionaries are:

School- dictionaries used by school students. They usually have a convenient publication format and come in pocket size. They are the most common and suitable for additional learning of the Russian language.
Industry- have a fairly narrow focus. Such dictionaries indicate words, their spelling, and possible use in certain professional circles. For example, the “Musical Encyclopedic Dictionary” contains basic terminology and the most used vocabulary among professional musicians and music lovers.
Dictionaries and reference books- serve for use in proofreading and editing work on texts.
General- used when certain problems arise in spelling words. For example, hyphen, separate or continuous spelling of words.

Classic dictionaries

Among the huge mass of books for competent writing, dictionaries occupy one of the main places. Among them, the works of great Russian linguists should be noted; their results are often used in the 21st century.

Most popular - spelling dictionary created under the supervision of D.N. Ushakova and S.E. Kryuchkova.

The famous Russian linguist D. N. Ushakov in 1911 created the work “Russian Spelling”. It was he who was an active participant in the reform of the rules of Russian spelling in 1918. Then the letter Ѣ (yat) and some others ceased to exist, the hard sign “Ъ” began to be used only for separation, in the genitive and accusative cases of adjectives and participles the ending -ago was replaced by -ego (best → best) and a number of others. All this prompted D.N. Ushakov to create a spelling dictionary.

Kryuchkov Sergei Efimovich - famous Soviet linguist. He is known for creating a modern school grammar of the Russian language. When combining works D.N. Ushakova and S.E. Kryuchkova it worked out "Spelling dictionary of the Russian language", which has been actively used for more than half a century. It was published about sixty times.

Famous “Russian spelling dictionary: about 180,000 words” under the leadership of O. E. Ivanova, V. V. Lopatin. Vladimir Vladimirovich Lopatin is a famous Russian linguist. The initial work of V.V. Lopatin was published in the middle of the twentieth century, and since then it has been constantly republished and expanded. From the moment of its first release to today, its vocabulary has grown by 80,000 units. The vocabulary is constantly updated with new modern words on topics of business, programming, banking and others. In addition, in the dictionary V.V. Lopatin introduced a number of categories that must be written with a capital letter: the names of the sacred concepts of faith: the Bible, the Koran; and names of historical eras or events: Reformation, Risorgimento and several others.

It is impossible not to mention the well-deserved and often used works of D.E. Rosenthal. The popular Russian linguist analyzed and clearly presented both grammatical rules and punctuation, stylistic and spelling principles of the standard Russian language. Under his leadership, in the 80s of the twentieth century, dictionaries-reference books for press workers, dictionary-reference books for the correct use of capital or lowercase letters, and a number of other textbooks and collections of exercises for in-depth study of the language were published.

A spelling dictionary is an excellent assistant for competent written or oral communication with others. This is an acquisition that will be useful not only during school, but also during college, during business correspondence at work or when exchanging personal messages.

spelling dictionary- a dictionary containing words in their standard literary pronunciation and spelling... Explanatory translation dictionary

spelling dictionary- see linguistic dictionary...

linguistic dictionary- A dictionary that provides an explanation of the meaning and use of words (as opposed to an encyclopedic dictionary, which provides information about relevant realities of objects, phenomena, events). Dialect (regional) dictionary. Dictionary containing... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

ORTHOGRAPHIC- SPELLING, spelling, spelling. adj. to spelling. Spelling rules. Spelling dictionary. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Ushakov's Dictionary- “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language”, edited by Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov, is one of the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. Under the editorship and with the author’s participation of D.N. Ushakov, in 1935-1940, 4 volumes of “Explanatory ... ... Wikipedia” were published

Dictionary- a collection of words (sometimes also morphemes or phrases) arranged in a certain order, used as a reference book that explains the meaning of the units described, gives various information about them or their translation into another... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

Spelling dictionary, Ushakov Dmitry Nikolaevich, Kryuchkov Sergey Efimovich. “Spelling Dictionary” by D. N. Ushakov and S. E. Kryuchkov is known to everyone who studied at school. And this is no coincidence: the dictionary has been used for more than 70 years. Because it does not become outdated, reflecting active changes... Buy for 353 rubles
Spelling dictionary, Gaibaryan O. (compiled). The spelling dictionary is an indispensable reference book for students and applicants. In it you can find all the answers to your questions regarding the spelling of words in the Russian language. This…