State Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army Headquarters. Approved 11/27/1935.
Head of Department. Deputy heads of department.
Assistant Head of Department. Specially authorized. For special assignments. Secret commissioners.
Branches: 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6th: a) typing bureau; b) drawing office; c) press bureau; d) printing house; e) expedition; f) library; 7th.
Departments: 1; 2nd: special department of the 2nd department; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7th: courses at the 7th department; 8; 9; 10; eleven; 12th.
Total in the Department: command staff - 234; civilians - 169. Passenger cars - 10. Trucks - 2.
(RGVA. F. 4. Op. 14. D. 1479. L. 296.)
Commanding staff Intelligence Agency Red Army, 1937-1938.
Head of the department - corps commander S. P. Uritsky, then army commissar of the 2nd rank Y. K. Berzin, senior major GB S.G. Gendin;
Deputy heads of department: corps commissar A. X. Artuzov, senior GB major M.K. Aleksandrovsky, division commander A.M. Nikonov, brigade commander A.G. Orlov;
Assistants to the head of the department - corps commissar A.N. Zakharov-Meyer, A.L. Abramov;
authorized - brigade commissar P.I. Yanov; For special assignments - regimental commissar I. A. Lvov-Ivanov; Secret commissioners - N.V. Zvonareva, I.P. Kalinin; Secretaries - senior lieutenant V. A. Balakov, lieutenant N. V. Vasiliev, M. K. Davidson, senior lieutenant L. A. Sergeev, political instructor P. A. Vladimirov.
HR department:
The head of the department is regimental commissar I. F. Tulyakov;
Assistants to the head of the department - Major N.V. Pastushikhin, Major S.I. Lozovoy; Secret commissioners - senior political instructor L.I. Ganelin, captain P.P. Kapustin.
Secret encryption department(Department):
The head of the department is regimental commissar E. Ya. Ozolin, major N. A. Filatov; Deputy heads of the department - regimental commissar N.V. Nikitin, senior political instructor F.A. Panov;
Assistants to the head of the department - A. G. Skalberg, captain I. V. Podosinovikov, lieutenant S. I. Titov, senior lieutenant P. P. Kislenko, A. V. Viksne, captain K. D. Komarov; Quartermaster technician 2nd rank E.P. Esipenko, lieutenant V.S. Kozlov, senior lieutenant V.V. Lyubimtsev, quartermaster technician 1st rank V.P. Pavlenko. Financial department:
The head of the department is quartermaster 1st rank A. I. Ivanov;
Deputy heads of the department - 3rd rank quartermaster P. A. Korolev, 2nd rank quartermaster N. A. Goncharov;
Assistants to the head of the department - 1st rank quartermaster technician N.V. Cheremisinov, G.A. Litsis, 2nd rank quartermaster D.G. Mitrofanov, 1st rank quartermaster technician V.D. Chernyshev.
Special department "A":
The head of the department is brigade commissar G. L. Tumanyan, Colonel H.-U. D. Mamsurov;
Deputy head of the department - brigade commissar X. I. Salnyn;
The secret commissioner is military engineer 2nd rank A.I. Emilyev.
Registration office:
The head of the department is military engineer 1st rank M. N. Pankratov, battalion commissar I. A. Chernov;
Assistant to the head of the department - regimental commissar D. D. Kiselev.
Editorial and publishing department:
The head of the department is brigade commissar N.L. Shinkarev, Colonel M.A. Aleksankin;
Assistants to the head of the department - quartermaster 1st rank A. I. Vilner, battalion commissar B. E. Nodelman, quartermaster 3rd rank I. M. Volkov, captain A. N. Romanov;
Editor - I. S. Broido;
Head of the typing bureau - V. S. Dmitrieva;
Head of the drawing bureau - S. I. Venderov, A. P. Grishin;
Senior reporter of the press bureau - regimental commissar Yu. V. Maltsev;
The head of the printing house is technician quartermaster 1st rank A. A. Karyagin.
Communications department:
Head of the department - senior lieutenant V. A. Zimin, major M. S. Maslov;
Assistant to the head of the department - senior lieutenant 3. M. Gutin;
Secret Commissioner - N.I. Bitkin.
1st department(west):
Head of the department - corps commissar O.O. Steinbrück, Major A.I. Starunin;
Deputy heads of the department - Colonel S. T. Uzdansky, Colonel A. A. Mazalov, Colonel S. N. Stepanov;
Assistants to the head of the personnel department - regimental commissar K. M. Basov, Major A. I. Poluektov, Major P. V. Vasiliev;
Heads of departments - military engineer 1st rank Ya. X. Pol, captains F. A. Fedenko, M. A. Milshtein, Colonel P. A. Litvinsky, Major D. S. Polsky, captain N. V. Chistyakov, regimental Commissar M. G. Maksimov, Major N. G. Lyakhterov, Colonel G. G. Shpilevsky, Regimental Commissar A. N. Kochetkov;
Secret commissioners - Colonel K. Ya. Tikk, Major S. V. Sokolov, Major P. V. Vasiliev, Senior Lieutenant B. G. Sturua, Major M. F. Dubrovsky, Captain G. A. Drozdov, Quartermaster of the 1st rank A. I. Vilner, major P. G. Yakovlev, major L. V. Onyanov, captain L. I. Saratovsky, captain R. S. Avakov, major M. F. Panfilov, battalion commissar K. K. Dovgallo, captain K. G. Savenkov, major N. N. Panov, captain B. A. Ivanov , Major A. I. Kostomakha, Captain N. A. Smolkin, M. E. Makarenko, Major G. M. Eremin, Major M. A. Ignachev, Major D. S. Polsky, Major V. P. Parkhomenko, Major M. A. Isaev, Major E. E. Egorov, Major A. P. Penchevsky, Senior Lieutenant F. F. Shvets, Major A. G. Serebryakov;
Secretary - M.V. Volgina.
2nd department(Oriental):
Head of the department - corps commissar F. Ya. Karin, brigade commander A. Yu. Valin;
Deputy heads of the department - brigade commander P. A. Panov, Colonel S. N. Stepanov; Divisional Commissioner L. A. Borovich, Colonel P. D. Shlensky;
Deputy head of the department for training - M. V. Obyden, Major A. P. Kislenko, Major P. A. Popov;
Assistant to the Head of the Personnel Department - Colonel V. M. Akimov;
Heads of departments - Colonel M.K. Pokladok, Major M.I. Sirotkin, Colonel V.I. Fedorov, Captain P.M. Volokitin, Colonel G.M. Tsaturov, Major
N.V. Khabazov, Major M.M. Shaimuratov, Colonel K.M. Rimm, Major V.A. Gerasimov, Captain K.A. Voronin;
Secret commissioners - captain A. I. Dubrovsky, captain Sh. 1st rank A. M. Rozhetskin, Major B. D. Nivinsky, Colonel A. E. Svirin, Major Y. A. Yudkevich, Colonel D. I. Talberg, Major Ya. P. Gorshkov, Captain A. P. Kislenko , captain V.V. Mochalov, major S.E. Tarmosin, major F.I. Gridasov, captain A.A. Leifert, major P.N. Popov, major N.P. Fastovshchuk, E.A. Konstantinova, captain A. S. Karpenko, S. G. Arkus, captain A. I. Mozhaev;
Translators - V. V. Vishnyakova, T. P. Ivanova, senior political instructor I. N. Zorin, Yu. P. Antropova, technical quartermaster 2nd rank V. P. Zagoruiko, L. O. Pritsker, technical quartermaster 2- rank M. I. Markov, quartermaster technician 1st rank A. A. Feldman, quartermaster technician 2nd rank L. S. Perlin, M. N. Indikov, quartermaster technician 2nd rank A. V. Varshavsky, N. P. Lebedev, political instructor Yu. K. Belan, technical quartermaster 2nd rank A. A. Pashkovsky, political instructor A. G. Brovchenko, technical quartermaster 2nd rank Sh. M. Sklyar, A.P. Soboleva, A. I. Myshkin, political instructor P. M. Kravchenok;
Secretary - O. I. Shulman.
Special branch of the 2nd department (authorized in the Far Eastern Territory):
Head of the special department - Major D. M. Boldyrev, Major A. P. Kislenko;
Deputy heads of the special department - Major P.S. Motinov, Captain V.N. Alekseev.
3rd department(military equipment):
Head of the department - Divisional Commander O. A. Stiga;
Deputy heads of the department - divisional commander D.K. Murzin, divisional commander G.T. Tummeltau;
Secret commissioner - senior political instructor N.S. Tsal;
Seretar - G. L. Zabolotnev.
Department of Technology air fleet 3rd department.
The head of the department is military engineer 1st rank G. A. Znamensky, Major O. V. Sobolevsky;
Assistants to the head of the department - military engineer 2nd rank S. M. Velsky, military engineer 2nd rank F. F. Kruglikov;
Military engineer for special service - military engineer 3rd rank V. I. Mikhailova.
Automotive armored service branch of the 3rd department:
The head of the department is military engineer 3rd rank M. F. Lengnik;
Assistant to the head of the department - military engineer 3rd rank P. P. Melkishev.
Artillery and small arms department of the 3rd department:
Head of the department - Colonel E. I. Idelson, Major A. D. Zubanov;
Assistants to the head of the department are military engineer 2nd rank P. N. Fomenko, military engineer 3rd rank A. S. Morozov.
Department of telemechanics and communications of the 3rd department:
The head of the department is military engineer 1st rank M. A. Kozhevnikov, military engineer 3rd rank V. I. Artemkin;
Assistants to the head of the department are military engineer 2nd rank I. G. Prigorny, military engineer 3rd rank I. M. Khazanov.
Department of Chemistry, 3rd Division:
The head of the department is military engineer 1st rank I. P. Burkov;
Assistant to the head of the department - military engineer 1st rank A. A. Konovalov, military engineer 3rd rank V. I. Zalmanov. Department of Bacteriology, 3rd Division: Head of Department - 3. I. Mikhailova;
Assistant to the head of the department - military doctor of the 3rd rank P. F. Skrinik.
4th department(naval):
Head of the department - captain 2nd rank M. A. Nefedov.
West Division of the 4th Division:
The head of the department is captain 3rd rank O. V. Martinson; Assistant to the head of the department - senior lieutenant L. A. Chvertkin. East Branch of the 4th Division:
The head of the department is captain 2nd rank E. A. Zaitsev;
Assistant to the head of the department - quartermaster 2nd rank P. P. Safonov.
Naval Equipment Branch of the 4th Division:
The head of the department is military engineer 1st rank A. I. Vilman, N. T. Krupsky; Assistant to the head of the department - captain-lieutenant S.V. Slavin. Naval Aviation Branch 4th Division: Branch Chief - vacancy.
5th department(intelligence agencies of military districts and fleets): Head of department - brigade commander V. G. Bogovoy;
Deputy heads of the department - Colonel A.K. Malikov, Colonel I.V. Davydov, Major S.V. Blokhin;
Secretary - technical quartermaster 2nd rank M. M. Dodonov. Western Division of the 5th Division:
Head of the department - Major A. S. Pshenichnikov, Major N. M. Molotkov, Major K. V. Kashnikov;
Assistants to the head of the department are Major N. M. Molotkov, Captain P. N. Chekmazov, Captain N. G. Komissarov, Major K. V. Kashnikov, Senior Lieutenant A. M. Kiselev.
Eastern Division of the 5th Division:
Head of the department - Colonel I.V. Davydov, Major A.F. Malanichev; Assistants to the head of the department are captain N. E. Vasiliev, battalion commissar V. M. Kapalkin, lieutenant N. I. Maksin, captain V. M. Fedyaev.
Naval Section 5th Division:
The head of the department is captain 3rd rank D. S. Gospodarik, battalion commissar V. M. Kapalkin;
Assistant to the head of the department - captain-lieutenant A. I. Lokotosh. Mobilization department for training personnel of the intelligence service: Head of the department - Major A. S. Rogov, Major A. A. Khlebov; Assistant to the head of the department - Major M.V. Krasichkov.
6th department(radio intelligence):
Head of the department - brigade engineer Ya. A. Fayvush; Deputy head of the department - Major Ya. S. Dashevsky; The head of the 1st department is Colonel S.I. Avdonkin; The head of the 2nd department is captain A. A. Tyumenev;
The head of the 3rd department is captain-lieutenant S. A. Luchinsky, captain E. M. Kossovsky;
The head of the 4th department is military engineer 3rd rank S. M. Shmyrev; Secretary - A. A. Chernova.
7th department(decipherable):
Head of the department - Colonel P. Kh. Kharkevich;
Deputy head of the department - Major B.V. Zvonarev;
Secret commissioners - quartermaster 3rd rank G. P. Lukka-Rudnitsky, F. M. Ogaryshev, senior political instructor D. M. Ardelyan, military technician 1st rank 3. V. Berezin, quartermaster 1st rank E. M. Fuchs, political instructor M.V. Shkuratov, senior lieutenant G.Kh. Vinogradov;
Secretary - technical quartermaster 1st rank E. M. Shah.
8th department(military censorship and DD service):
Head of the department - divisional commissar P. O. Kolosov, divisional commissar E. V. Stelmakh, colonel I. I. Puzyrev;
Deputy heads of the department - quartermaster 1st rank E. I. Reya, brigade commissar V. F. Volya;
Secret commissioners - Major M.A. Aleksankin, regimental commissar A.F. Kobelev, Major V.L. Zhukov;
Military censors - Captain Z. M. Nikolaev, Colonel I. D. Dmitrienko, Major V. L. Grigoriev, Regimental Commissar A. T. Kuzin, Major M. V. Krasichkov, Major V. M. Stern, regimental commissar A. Kh. Baratov.
9th department(Mongolian-Xinjiang):
Head of the department - brigade commander V. N. Panyukov;
Deputy heads of the department - brigade commissar A. M. Arto, Colonel I. F. Kuts, N. S. Sorkin;
The head of the Mongolian department is Captain F. F. Povetkin;
Assistants to the head of the department are Major I.F. Kuts, Captain V.S. Polienko, Captain D.N. Perekrestov, Political Instructor A.A. Lomtev.
10th department(special technical):
Head of the department - brigade engineer A. P. Lozovsky, Major A. F. Vasiliev;
Deputy head of the department - brigade commissar E.K. Perkon;
Assistant to the head of the department - senior lieutenant O. I. Gavrilov, senior lieutenant M. A. Gruzdev;
Secretary - A. A. Chibisova.
Operational department of the 10th department:
Assistants to the head of the department are captain I.K. Nekhvyadovich, senior lieutenant B.N. Lesov, lieutenant M.A. Gruzdev, Yu.A. Kormilitsina.
Production department of the 10th department:
Assistants to the head of the department - E. V. Slavina, 3rd rank quartermaster N. M. Buksin, 1st rank quartermaster technician D. N. Irikov, A. B. Radov-Rudaev, lieutenant A. S. Lobanov.
11th department(external relations):
Head of the department - corps commander A. I. Gekker;
Deputy head of the department - brigade commander F. G. Matseylik;
Assistants to the head of the department - Colonel N. I. Dubinin, Major M. I. Egarkov, Colonel G. I. Osetrov, Major V. M. Dragun;
Secret Commissioner - Senior Lieutenant A.P. Chernyaev;
For special assignments - senior lieutenant K. S. Tarasov;
Secretary - I. R. Rose.
12th department(administrative):
Head of the department - Major D.I. Troitsky, Major K.N. Derevyanko;
Assistant to the head of the department - quartermaster 2nd rank K. F. Yutsevich, captain V. N. Solovyov;
Commandants on duty - 1st rank quartermaster technician P. E. Meshcheryakov, 2nd rank quartermaster technician A. S. Stroganov, lieutenant N. Ya. Kochetkov, lieutenant I. I. Bulavchenko;
The head of the garage is a military technician of the 1st rank - I. F. Goryunov.
13th department(radio communications):
Deputy head of the department - military engineer of the 2nd rank I. N. Artemyev;
Assistant to the head of the department - captain V. M. Ryabov;
The head of the department is military engineer 2nd rank Kh. I. Sachavo;
Engineer of the operational and technical unit - military engineer of the 3rd rank N. A. Terekhin;
Assistants to the head of the department are captain K. S. Lupandin, lieutenant N. I. Maksimov, military engineer 3rd rank A. G. Kholmanov.
Separate radio division:
Division commander - Captain I. G. Danilov, Major A. K. Khrychikov;
Senior engineer (head of the transmission center) - military engineer of the 3rd rank A. L. Gromov.
(RGVA. F. 37837. Op. 18. D. 637. L. 2-178.)
Alekseev M.A., Kolpakidi A.I., Kochik V.Ya. Encyclopedia of Military Intelligence. 1918-1945 M., 2012, p. 882-926.
The period under consideration covers the time from September 1935 to May (November) 1940.
Despite the introduction of a disguised system of military ranks in 1924, the need to introduce a full-fledged system of personal ranks was obvious. The leader of the country, J.V. Stalin, understood that the introduction of ranks would increase not only the responsibility of the command staff, but also authority and self-respect; will increase the authority of the army among the population, raise prestige military service. In addition, the system of personal ranks facilitated the work of army personnel authorities, made it possible to develop a clear set of requirements and criteria for the assignment of each rank, systematized official correspondence, and would be a significant incentive for official zeal. However, part of the senior command staff (Budeny, Voroshilov, Timoshenko, Mehlis, Kulik) resisted the introduction of new ranks. They hated the very word “general.” This resistance was reflected in the ranks of the senior command staff.
The resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated September 22, 1935 abolished the division of military personnel into categories (K1, ..., K14) and established personal military ranks. The process of transition to personal ranks took the entire fall until December 1935. In addition, rank insignia were introduced only in December 1935. This gave rise to the general opinion of historians that ranks in the Red Army were introduced in December 1935.
Private and junior command personnel also received personal ranks in 1935, which, however, sounded like job titles. This feature of the naming of ranks has given rise to a widespread mistake among many historians, who claim that in 1935 privates and junior command personnel did not receive ranks. However, the Charter of the internal service of the Red Army of 1937 in Art. 14 clause 10 lists the ranks of ordinary and junior command and command personnel.
However, a negative point should be noted in new system ranks. The military personnel were divided into:
- 1) Command staff.
- 2) Commanding staff:
- a) military-political composition;
- b) military-technical personnel;
- c) military-economic and administrative composition;
- d) military medical personnel;
- e) military veterinary personnel;
- f) military-legal staff.
- 3) Junior command and management personnel.
- 4) Rank and file.
Each squad had its own ranks, which made the system more complex. It was possible to partially get rid of several rank scales only in 1943, and the remnants were eliminated in the mid-eighties.
P.S. All ranks and names, terminology and spelling (!) are verified according to the original - “Charter of the internal service of the Red Army (UVS-37)” Edition 1938 Military Publishing House.
Private, junior command and command staff of the ground and air force
Command staff of ground and air forces
*The rank of “Junior Lieutenant” was introduced on 08/05/1937.
Military-political composition of all military branches
The rank of “Junior Political Instructor” was introduced on August 5, 1937. It was equivalent to the rank of “lieutenant” (namely a lieutenant, but not a junior lieutenant!).
Military-technical composition of the ground and air forces
| Category | Rank |
| Average military-technical personnel | Junior military technician* |
| Military technician 2nd rank | |
| Military technician 1st rank | |
| Senior military technical personnel | Military engineer 3rd rank |
| Military engineer 2nd rank | |
| Military engineer 1st rank | |
| Higher military-technical personnel | Brigengineer |
| Development Engineer | |
| Coring engineer | |
| Armengineer | |
*The rank of “Junior military technician” was introduced on 08/05/1937, corresponding to the rank of “junior lieutenant”. Persons with higher education technical education upon entering the army, the technical staff was immediately awarded the title “Military Engineer of the 3rd Rank.”
Military-economic and administrative, military-medical, military-veterinary and military-legal personnel of all branches of the military
| Category | Military-economic and administrative composition | Military medical staff | Military veterinary staff | Military-legal composition |
| Average | Quartermaster technician 2nd rank | Military paramedic | Military veterinarian | Junior military lawyer |
| Quartermaster technician 1st rank | Senior military paramedic | Senior military veterinarian | Military lawyer | |
| Senior | Quartermaster 3rd rank | Military doctor 3rd rank | Military veterinarian 3rd rank | Military lawyer 3rd rank |
| Quartermaster 2nd rank | Military doctor 2nd rank | Military veterinarian 2nd rank | Military lawyer 2nd rank | |
| Quartermaster 1st Rank | Military doctor 1st rank | Military veterinarian 1st rank | Military lawyer 1st rank | |
| Higher | Brigintendant | Brigdoctor | Brigvet doctor | Brigvoenurist |
| Divintendant | Divdoctor | Divvetdoctor | Divvoenurist | |
| Corintendent | Korvrach | Corvette doctor | Corvoyurist | |
| Armintendant | Arm doctor | Armed veterinarian | Armmilitary lawyer | |
Persons who have higher education upon enlistment or conscription into the army, the rank of “Quartermaster of the 3rd Rank” was immediately awarded; higher medical education upon admission or conscription into the army, the rank of “Military Doctor of the 3rd Rank” (equal to the rank of “captain”) was immediately awarded; higher veterinary education upon admission or conscription into the army was immediately awarded the title “Military Veterinarian of the 3rd Rank”; higher legal education upon admission or conscription into the army, the title of “Military Lawyer of the 3rd Rank” was immediately awarded
The emergence of general ranks of the Red Army in 1940
In 1940, general ranks appeared in the Red Army, which was a continuation of the process of returning to the system of personal military ranks, openly begun in 1935, and in a disguised form since May 1924 (the introduction of the so-called “service categories”).
After much debate and deliberation, the system of general ranks of the Red Army was introduced by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1940. However, they were introduced only for command personnel. The commanding staff (military-political, military-technical, military medical, military-veterinary, legal, administrative and quartermaster staff) remained with the same ranks, which will be changed only in 1943. However, the commissars will receive the rank of general in the fall of 1942, when the institution of military commissars will be abolished.
Current page: 16 (book has 17 pages in total)
All-Russian Memory Watch 1991
August 24–31
A group of 17 people, consisting of members of the Tanais search club, employees of the Voronezh Regional Museum of Local Lore and members of the Borislav and Co. antique car club, drove a Ural car to the Novgorod region to take part in the All-Russian Memory Watch.
Arriving in the village of Maloye Zamoshye, the group left the car and, together with a search party from Sverdlovsk, having walked 7 km, set up a camp in the headquarters clearing of the 2nd Shock Army. The combined detachment was divided into three groups: the first group, led by N. Dushutin, was engaged in excavating the engine from YuMO-211, which two detachments had previously unsuccessfully tried to remove. The second group, led by Yu. Ivanov, was engaged in dismantling old GAZ-AA “one and a half” cars. The third group, led by R. Polyakov, was engaged in the search and exhumation of the remains of Soviet soldiers.
R. Polyakov says: “The next day after setting up the camp, we discovered a previously unknown location of the hospital in the forest between M. Zamoshe and the headquarters clearing. First they found the body of the Emka, the remains of a stretcher and a large amount of medicine. The group dispersed in different directions and began exploring the location of the hospital. The first remains were found by Sverdlovsk residents - four Soviet soldiers were found in a crater under a small layer of soil, lying on spruce branches. Half an hour later, the Voronezh residents were lucky - twelve more Red Army soldiers were found in a hole 40–50 cm deep. Unfortunately, they did not have any medallions with them. Apart from the remains of uniforms and shoes, the only find was a compass wrapped in a scarf.
On the third day, in the morning, a Moscow correspondent came to us at the GDT in order to obtain photographic materials from the excavation site for writing a report. We went there on the same transport. The hospital was located 300 meters from the clearing along which vehicles moved. We got out and went to the hospital. Despite the fact that the road was already known, I had a strange feeling that trouble was ahead. Having successfully reached the site of yesterday's excavations, where the correspondent took photographs and recorded a report, we decided to go back to the gas turbine engine, to the clearing. After 10 minutes we realized that we were back again in the hospital clearing. When we had made three circles, the driver and one of the searchers decided to just stay put and wait for us. And so it happened - we invariably returned to them, to the hospital. It was clear from the correspondent's eyes that he was very frightened. I had previously heard a lot about the phenomena that occur in these places, and decided to act as follows - I placed people in a chain so that there was direct visibility between them, and gave a landmark - a wartime sewing machine standing on a stump. At the same time, he himself remained at the hospital site. Everything went well - we returned to the transport. Those who were waiting for us said that they deliberately pressed the gas pedal, there was a strong roar from the engine, but we did not hear it.
But these were not all the “adventures” of this day. Yu. Ivanov, while searching for spare parts for cars, found backpacks, an MG-34 machine gun and a carbine with a preserved wooden butt in the forest. He couldn't think of anything smarter than taking a weapon and dragging it to the camp. Towards evening, three strangers came to the camp, one had a hunting rifle on his shoulder. These were the owners of Ivanov’s “trophies” - the looters. Everything turned out peacefully, we drank a glass and gave them back what they had lost. They gave us information that 400 meters from our camp there was a German motorcycle lying in a crater.
On the fourth day of work, everyone moved to Dushutin’s group, which was excavating the engine from the aircraft. With our joint efforts we dug out the ramp, we hooked the engine with a cable from the gas turbine engine and pulled it out on the third attempt. A “surprise” awaited us under the engine.
From the report of N. Dushutin to the Voronezh Museum of Local Lore: “While removing the YuMO-211 engine from the ground, under it they found the wreckage of a Soviet car - a GAZ-AA lorry, two duffel bags containing: underwear, towels, mittens, a book M. Gorky “Mother”, envelopes, paper money and personal documents addressed to Gusar V.L., photographs and fragments of a bicycle, cut by an airplane propeller. Most likely, the plane fell on a convoy of Soviet vehicles walking along the road.
Judging by the documents, they belonged to two different people. Gusar V.L. was a driver, but the Red Army book and certificate of completion of courses for political workers and the Regulations on the Military Commissars of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army belonged to the passenger of the car. The certificate was preserved in fragments; the name was not visible. It is known that the courses for political workers were organized in a “cauldron” to replenish the ranks of junior officers, who were almost completely eliminated. The unknown fighter was returning from these courses.
Passport series 1-GZHN No. 642185 in Russian and Ukrainian.
Valid for 1 year.
1. Last name, first name, patronymic: Gusar Vasily Leontyevich
1. Year of birth: 1924, Khalturinsky district settlement. Karpovsky district, Poltava region.
2. Nationality Ukrainian
3. Social status: worker Date of issue: 21/III–40 Handwritten signature Registered: Karpovsky district 21/III–41
Certificate F No. 053708
Third class driver
(All entries are blurred)
Blurred photo 2.5 × 3 cm
And other documents - a certificate of study in the sixth grade in 1939–40, of work at the state farm named after. Khalturin in 1941 and form No. III-20 - a ticket to drive a car within 6 days from the moment the driver’s license was taken away. Driver's license No. 053708, issued in Poltava.
The passenger of the car apparently owned the following documents:
Red Army book
All the columns have been preserved, but the records have been washed away. A seal with the coat of arms of the Ukrainian SSR is visible (presumably)
Faded photo 2.5 × 3 cm
Note in pencil
Kharkov region, Krasnogradovsky district
Kirylivsky s/r Kolgasp 14….
L.N /K/ Mytrofa /nen/ko.”
R. Polyakov recalls: “Up to May 6 inclusive, we were dismantling the engine for further loading and removal to the Ural vehicle.”
On August 29, the camp was closed and we awaited the arrival of the gas turbine engine. In order not to waste time, I took a ramrod and a shovel and walked 100–150 meters away from the camp. On the left side of the clearing I found a plundered cemetery. I became interested in who owned this cemetery, and I began to examine the dumps. At first we came across horseshoes from German boots and German buttons. Then I found a large number of buttons with three different coats of arms. Upon returning to Voronezh, after consulting with a specialist, it was determined who they belonged to. It turned out that they were Estonians, Lithuanians and Belarusians.
The GDT arrived, we loaded our equipment and finds and got to Maly Zamoshye. Here we transferred to the Ural and arrived at the central camp, located in the village of Mostki. Before the burial, which took place on August 31, we had a whole free day on the 30th.
I decided to take the entire detachment to the fortified area where I was in 1990. We examined this place again, but, except for those similar to the past (cases, porcelain balls from grenades, etc.), we did not find any finds in the fortified area.
On August 31, in a solemn ceremony in the village of Myasnoy Bor, the reburial of about 500 remains was carried out Soviet soldiers, who died in the neck of the Volkhov cauldron. We went home that same day.”
Due to the situation in the country in the 90s, funding for search activities fell to a minimum. The only thing there was enough money for was the search and reburial of the remains of Soviet soldiers in their own region, and even then mainly on sheer enthusiasm. It was simply impossible to go anywhere. The plant producing the car collapsed, the sponsors went bankrupt, and there was not enough money of their own.
For twenty years we were not able to participate in the search for our dead fellow countrymen. But the Valley of Death still awaits us.
Applications
Appendix No. 1
REFERENCE
In August 1941, the Voronezh Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, in agreement with the Military Council of the Oryol Military District, decided to create a rifle division from the human and material resources of the region.
The regional archives of the CPSU preserved a memorandum from the regional military commissar, Colonel I. Ryabukhin, to the secretary of the Voronezh regional committee of the CPSU (b) V.D. Nikitin dated September 8, 1941 “On the progress of the formation of the Voronezh Rifle Division.”
1. Based on the directive of the Armed Forces of the Oryol Military District No. 005954... form the 327th Infantry Division by December 15, 1941.
2. By District Directive No. 006321 of September 2, 1941, manpower and horsepower were ordered to be completed using the resources of the Voronezh region with the inclusion of a regiment in this division people's militia.
3. As of September 8, 1941, the division's strength is: Commanding personnel - 812 people Junior commanding personnel - 633 people
Enlisted personnel - 4967 people
4. The personnel, horses and carts were fully equipped until September 11, 1941. The division was satisfied with the accommodation and allowances.
The place of formation of the 327th Infantry Division was determined to be the villages of Somovo, Sosnovka and Dubovka, where units and units of the formed formation began to concentrate.
In a memo by the commander of the 1st Voronezh militia division V.N. Sitnikov in the regional committee of the CPSU (b) states: “... during the existence of the division, he directly transferred an incomplete regiment with weapons and equipment to the 327th division.”
The regional committee of the CPSU (b) paid special attention to quality composition divisions. Party workers of the Voronezh city committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and district party committees from among the secretaries, heads of departments and instructors were appointed commissars of companies, batteries and part of the battalions. The 1098th Infantry Regiment, part of the 327th Infantry Division, consisted almost entirely of communists and Komsomol members of Voronezh, for which it received the name “Communist Regiment”. The report of the personnel department of the Voronezh regional committee of the CPSU (b) “On the mobilization of communists into the ranks of the Red Army” states that “... for the formation of military units in the region in 1941, the personnel department selected 155 political workers and 2,430 political fighters. In September-October 1941, 970 political fighters and 87 political workers were selected.” In a political report dated October 5, 1941 to the Secretary of the Voronezh Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) V.D. To Nikitin, the head of the Joint Military Command, senior battalion commissar Elkin, reported: “... the main content of party-political work among the personnel of the units is a deep explanation of the decisions of the party and government aimed at ensuring the speedy expulsion of the fascist hordes from the territory of the USSR and the complete destruction of German fascism... the formation of 327 continues 1st Rifle Division..."
The positions of company and platoon commanders were filled from among reserve officers and university graduates. One of them was a graduate of VSU in 1940 N.B. Ushakov, who died on June 22, 1942 while carrying out the banner of the 894th artillery regiment of the 327th Infantry Division.
At the end of September 1941, by decision of the regional party committee, the “Communist Regiment” under the command of Colonel M. Voitsekhovsky was transferred to the 100th Infantry Division of General I. Russiyanov, which arrived in Voronezh for rest and replenishment and was preparing to be sent to the front.
The 1098th Infantry Regiment was replenished due to reinforcements arriving from the regional military registration and enlistment offices of the region.
November 7, 1941 327th Infantry Division under the command of Colonel I.M. Antyufeyeva took part in the parade dedicated to the 24th anniversary October revolution, which was received in Voronezh by Marshal Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko, member of the Military Council of the front N.S. Khrushchev, Secretary of the Voronezh Regional Party Committee V.D. Sitnikov and other leaders of the regional committee and executive committee of Voronezh. November 8 division in in full force departed for the Volkhov Front, where, as part of the 2nd Shock Army, she took part in the operation to break the first blockade of Leningrad.
On January 19, 1943, for the courage and heroism shown by the personnel of the 327th Infantry Division, she was awarded honorary title"64th Guards Rifle Division". The division ended the war in East Prussia and is currently fulfilling its military duty as part of the Leningrad Military District 245
The reference dates back to 1989.
Appendix No. 2
LISTS OF PERSONNEL OF THE DIRECTORATE, INDIVIDUAL UNITS AND DIVISIONS OF THE 327TH RIFLE DIVISION
(September–November 1941)
Compiled according to lists for the issuance of monetary allowances (Fund 327 page of the division, op. 2, file 152, TsAMO USSR
1. Directorate and headquarters of the 327th Infantry Division
Division commander Colonel Antyufeev Ivan Mikhailovich
(since 05/21/1942 major general) 07/05/1942 when leaving encirclement he was captured, after the war he lived in Tomsk
Divisional Commander Adjutant Lieutenant Alfimov M.G.
Military commissar Art. baht commander Fedchenko Sergei Korneevich
Until February 1942 – severe wound followed by amputation of the leg
Head of the political department baht Commissioner Babenko Andrey Denisovich
before 03/01/1942 – died
he was replaced by Art. baht Commissioner Chuvilin Petr Fedorovich
until June 25, 1942
Chief of staff Lieutenant Colonel Urusov
before January 17, 1942, seriously wounded in the battles for Volkhov
he was replaced by Major A. Gunovsky.
Division Artillery Chief Lieutenant Colonel S.I. Poddubnyak
Military commissar of headquarters baht Comrade Ovchinnikov Alexander Afanasyevich
Assistant Chief headquarters captain Davidko M.P.
Head office work those. int. 1st Rank Kuzmin K.V.
Head of Operations Department captain Bedenkov Alexander Iosifovich
06/21/1942, upon leaving encirclement, he was captured, after the war he lived in Sverdlovsk
Head of the 1st Headquarters Department Major Kovalev
Assistant Head of the 1st Department Lieutenant Zakharov V.S.
1st Division Lieutenant Frolov Alexey Zakharovich
1st Division Lieutenant Banik V.I.
Head office work those. int. 2nd rank Ivanov Timofey Ilyich
Head of the 2nd department senior lieutenant Kuzichev Anatoly Ivanovich
Assistant Head of the 2nd Department junior lieutenant Schastlivets G.M.
Head of the 3rd department Senior Lieutenant Kuznetsov
Senior Lieutenant
Azarov V.V. 3rd department ml. Lieutenant Kudryavtsev L.N.
Assistant Head of the 3rd Department Captain Schino
Head of the 4th department Major Dodik Israel Naumovich
Assistant Chief 4th technical department int. 1st Rank Kolyadenko Yakov
Head office work those. int. 2nd rank Prishchepa Ivan T.
Head office work those. int 2nd rank Gorbachev Grigory Ivanovich
Head office management of the 4th department Sergeant Major Levitin I.L.
Quartermaster of Headquarters Major Kalinin
Junior command and enlisted personnel of the division headquarters
Forwarder Art. Sergeant Bogdanov F.A.
Art. clerk foreman Dankevich P.P.
Art. clerk Sergeant Arkhipov P.S.
Head warehouse foreman Peshkov I.P.
Art. clerk Sergeant Major Levitin I.L.
Clerk ml. Sergeant Parshin K.M.
Clerk ml. Sergeant Garchenko A.I.
Clerk ml. Sergeant Zharin A.A.
Art. clerk ml. Sergeant Zharkikh Grigory Vasilievich
Art. clerk ml. Sergeant Zagorsky V.K.
Art. clerk ml. Sergeant Gorshkov P.D.
Clerk foreman Sevryukov F.N.
Clerk ml. Sergeant Boldarev
Clerk ml. Sergeant Sukhovtsev V.
Chauffeur Red Army soldier Isaev A.N.
Chauffeur Red Army soldier Trusovtsev
Chauffeur Red Army soldier Ivashchenko
Chauffeur Red Army soldier Blokhin
Chauffeur Red Army soldier I.D. Shapovsky
Head warehouse Art. Sergeant Shumeiko S.I.
Jr. commander Pavlov I.I.
Jr. commander Chumakov P.V.
Sergeant Major foreman Tychigin M.Ya.
Military 2nd rank technician Voronin G.S. Zakharchenko
2. Art service
Chief of Artillery Major Poddubnyak S.I.
Chief of Artillery Staff captain Turlai K.I.
PNS artillery Lieutenant Krivenko Nikolai Ivanovich
PNS artillery captain Davidyuk M.N.
Assistant Head of the 1st Art Department Senior Lieutenant Rupol H.S.
Assistant Warehouse Manager military technician 1st rank Perevalov A.V.
Assistant to the head of the art warehouse Lieutenant Sobolev A.F. died on June 25, 1942 while escaping from encirclement
Head office work Technical quartermaster 1st rank Kuzmin K.V.
Head of the art warehouse military technician 1st rank Igolnikov R.L.
3. Division rear Division rear quartermaster Captain Kalinin Alex. Vasilevich
Head of the 5th department captain Kovalev Andrey Timofeevich
Lieutenant Korguzovsky Fedor Ivanovich
Assistant Head of the 5th Department Lieutenant Lagutin Semyon Lukyanovich
Head of the 6th department ml. Lieutenant Terekhov Ivan Grigorievich
Assistant Head of the 6th Department senior political instructor Vasily Artemovich Salnikov
Divisional Engineer captain Shevchenko Grigory I.
Head of the Allied Forces Technical quartermaster 1st rank Samuil Izrailevich Grinshpon
Head of PFS Astakhov Fedor Egorovich
Inspector Quartermaster 3rd rank Andryushchenko Konstantin Vladimirovich
Head office work Senior Lieutenant Vgonkin Alex. Petrovich
Head of ACh Quartermaster 3rd rank Zabadalov Nikolai Nikolaevich
AChCh technical quartermaster 2nd rank Fedoseenko Mikhail Filippovich
Treasurer Sergeant Major Pronin Alexey Fedorovich
Head of Federal District technical quartermaster 2nd rank Pavlov Grigory Dmitrievich
Assistant Head of Federal District Quartermaster Technician 2nd Rank Feitelson Israel L.
Assistant Head of Federal District Lieutenant Trunilin Anatoly Grigorievich
Head of fuel and lubricants ml. Lieutenant Zuev V.V.
Head of collection Art. Lieutenant Kravchenko A.T.
Commandant of Headquarters Lieutenant Yarkova Ivan Ivano
hiv Commandant Platoon Commander Lieutenant Yankees
Head of Engineering Service military engineer 3rd rank Zaridze I.A.
Lieutenant Kutuzov K.A.
Chauffeur Red Army soldier Bardzov G.S.,
Art. Lieutenant Rozhansky
ml. Lieutenant Tsukerman S.Ya.
ml. Lieutenant Degozhansky G.A.
ml. military technician Voronin E.St.
Divisional medical doctor military doctor 2nd rank Sidorenko Ivan Petrovich
Division veterinarian military veterinarian of the 3rd rank, captain Nikolai Andreevich Kulikov, wounded in January 1942 near Kolomno
He was replaced by Major Pavlov (recalled from the city of Rossosh, Voronezh region)
Assistant Head of Veterinary Service Dmitriev Ivan Dmitrievich
Head of chemical service Captain Budyansky Petr Nikolaevich
Assistant Chief of Chemical Services military quartermaster 1st rank Minaev P.A.
Head of treatment infirmary Chizhevsky I.I.
Head of veterinary infirmary Protosenya M.P.
Chief of Food technical quartermaster 1st rank Astakhov Fedor Grigorievich
Head of PFS Quartermaster 3rd rank Kirilochkin I.T.
Head of ACh technical quartermaster 2nd rank Durikov P.I.
Paramedic military paramedic Varvara Artemovna Muravleva
Art. Lieutenant Zhmailov
Art. Lieutenant Frolov Alexey Zakharovich
Military commissar of the veterinary hospital political instructor Dmitry Fedorovich Kremlyakov
Veterinary hospital paramedic military veterinarian Braslavsky Evtey Ivanovich
Military commissar PHP-185 political instructor Ryazantsev Vasily Danilovich
Head of the group Quartermaster 3rd rank Kornilov
N.I. Head of the cattle warehouse ml. command staff Polevoy I.A.
Head warehouse Red Army soldier Mikhail Abramovich Esipov
Killer Red Army soldier S.N. Teplov
Killer Red Army soldier M.N. Pustovalov
Killer Red Army soldier N.I. Lisitsky
Killer Red Army soldier M.P. Kuraev
Killer Red Army soldier V.L. Romashkin
Killer Red Army soldier Popov I.E.
Zavsol Red Army soldier Terichenko N.T.
Vet. paramedic Pavlov N.G.
4. Household platoon of the 327th SD (November 1941)
Sergeant Major Fedorishchev A.A.
Party organizer Parkhomenko S.P.
Head kitchen Chernykh G.P. Grigoriev F.T. Brazhnikov
Clerk Chumakov A.V.
Horse breeder Karpov V.
Horse breeder Sekachev I.N.
Horse breeder Dorofeev P.I.
Horse breeder Gorabnev G.I.
Horse breeder Evdakov (Evdokhov) P.F.
Chauffeur Blokhin P.V. Pozdnyakov V.D. Smurygin F.M. Tarabanov A.F. Golubyatnikov A.P.
Senior clerk Khudzinsky L.G.
Chauffeur Rybalkin I.S.
Commander of the horse breeding department Kovalev V.I.
Chauffeur Brushtik
Chauffeur Petrusenko V.G.
Cook Palagin V.D.
Cook Smagin I.A.
Cook Kvasov Ilya A.
Chauffeur Kostev I.N.
Chauffeur Pilipenko N.Ya.
Chauffeur Karataev I.S. Smirnov A.D. Sokolov Davidenko F.G. Kikin K.M. Ermilov M.I.
Chauffeur Titarenko A.M.
Carriage Bukhanov P.G.
Chauffeur Brunshtein S. Isaev A.N. Shipovsky I.D.
5. 396th separate motor transport company
Lieutenant Gusev Evgeniy Dmitrievich Political instructor Shirko M.S. Lieutenant Pankov V.P. (L)
Lieutenant Axelson A.A. Jr. Lieutenant Semenyuk G.I. Bondarenko F.F. Mirkes S.I. Jr. Lieutenant Bukin M.I.
Senior clerk Kurin A.A.
Head warehouse Malikov S.V.
Assistant Platoon Leader Kavera E.M.
Head warehouse Soroka A.D.
Senior Chef Yagukin I.P.
Cook Nenashev P.I.
Chauffeur Grishchenko N.F.
Part-commander Fomenko M.M.
Tailor Kolesnikov S.M.
Chauffeur Geshev (Cheshev) I.S.
Chauffeur Gubin I.I.
Part-commander Ovchinnikov I.M.
Chauffeur Bitvitsky F.V.
Chauffeur Shulzhenko P.I.
Art. chauffeur Plokhin T.K.
Captainarmus Shubin M.I.
Plumber Vozhobeev M.M.
Vulcanizer Robankin I.D.
Locksmith Bykovsky N.R.
Chauffeur Sitnikov M.P.
Part-commander Komagorov N.D.
Electrician Sirkin A.I.
Head warehouse Zharkikh I.A.
Head warehouse Glazyev N.T.
Part-commander Fabritsky V.T.
Chauffeur Ermolenko D.P.
Part-commander Platonov S.F.
Chauffeur Manaenkov A.P.
Pom. com. platoon Tereshchenko A.K. Roldugin M.N. Fedorov D.S.
Chauffeur Lomakin E.M. Yurov I.M.
Chauffeur Kolomonov P.A.
Chauffeur Donchenko F.I.
Chauffeur Zenin G.I.
Head warehouse Sitnev I.F.
Sergeant Major Pogorvlov T.A.
Pom. platoon commander foreman Korneev I.A.
Storekeeper Tishkin A.I. Berezhnoy M.G.
Chauffeur Taranenko P.P.
Chauffeur Ivakhnenko T.E.
Chauffeur Fomenko P.I.
Chauffeur Bobrus V.N.
Chauffeur Boradov F.Ya.
Mechanic Revchuk
Chauffeur Sitnik G.F.
Part-commander Kravchenko I.M.
Chauffeur Kovalenko A.V.
Email locksmith Gorbachev V.V.
Chauffeur Derkonos D.V.
Chauffeur Krasnin P.F.
Telephone operator Eliseev I.M.
Chauffeur Yukhno P.E.
Chauffeur Golovatsky D.M.
Chauffeur Zamaev G.I.
Chauffeur Ivannikov F.I.
Chauffeur Pylnev I.M.
Chauffeur Verenikin P.M.
Chauffeur Malikov A.V.
Chauffeur Kostin I.I.
6. 185th mobile bakery station
Head of PHP Technical quartermaster 1st rank Zaika F.
Commissioner Political instructor Zabolotsky K.
Treasurer Polevikov N.N.
Paramedic military paramedic 3rd rank Dekhanov D.I.
7. Political department
Deputy head of software battalion commissar Gabriel P. Perekopsky from 03/01/1942 – head of the production department
Assistant Head of Software Regimental Commissar S.F. Sorokin
Deputy head of software battalion commissar Gladyshko Vasily Stepanovich
Participated together with I.M. Antyufeev. in an attempt to break out of the ring, on June 5, 1942 he was captured, where he died
Rep. secretary of the party commission Art. political instructor Vasily Anatolyevich Bachevsky
Art. organizational work instructor political instructor Pavel Mikhailovich Marchuk
Art. organizational work instructor political instructor Alexey Gavrilovich Bobrov
Public Work Instructor political instructor Leonid Timofeevich Palyutin
Logistics Instructor Art. political instructor Vladimir Illarionovich Maltsev
Software instructor political instructor Obukhov A.M.
Secretary of the Party Commission Antonenko Sima Filippovich
Commissioner of the 327th SD since February 1942 Chuvilin Petr Federovich
Rep. secretary of the party commission political instructor Rasinsky G.T.
Software instructor political instructor Mukovnik G.A.
Software instructor political instructor Chuzhilov P. Ivanovich
8. Divisional Club Head political instructor Zhazhko Vasily Vasilievich
Pom. boss ml. Political instructor Reishin Nel Vas.
Head of the Library ml. political instructor Postnikov P.I.
Head of the Library ml. political instructor Dubrovin P.I.
Art. film and radio technician ml. military technician Rasinsky Isa
ak Markovich
Film and radio technician ml. military technician Ivanteev N.F.
Art. film and radio mechanic Art. Sergeant Gusev Petr Dmitrievich
Projectionist Tikhomirov L.V.
Projectionist Filin V.F.
Projectionist Red Army soldier I.M. Ryzhkov
Photographer Art. Sergeant Liduovsky V.D.
Chauffeur Red Army soldier M.F. Voronov
9. Editorial office of the newspaper “Courage”
Rep. divisional newspaper editor Art. political instructor Alex Shchavel. Ivanovich
Literary worker political instructor Ivan Zakharovich Kryachko
Editorial Secretary Flyer
Instructor Art. political instructor Stankevich Kuz. IN.
10. Newspaper printing house
Boss Sudakov M.S.
Printer Belozerov V.A.
Compositor Yarovoy M.M.
Compositor Ryabushkin V.S.
11. Military prosecutor's office
Military prosecutor military lawyer 3rd rank Lipovsky V.M.
Military investigator military officer 3rd rank Pogarzhelsky G.S.
Military investigator military lawyer 3rd rank Mokrinsky M.V.
Military investigator military lawyer 3rd rank Kopytin N.P.
Secretary Afanasyev M.K.
Art. clerk foreman Dankevich P.P.
Clerk Sergeant Arkhipov P.S.
Investigator military lawyer Mokripolei M.V.
12. Military tribunal
Chairman military lawyer V.A. Fedotov
Tribunal member military lawyer Nesterov K.A.
Tribunal member Pishchin F.I.
Tribunal Secretary Art. political instructor Gantsev V.I.
Court clerk Quartermaster 3rd rank Zhidkov I.I.
Commandant ml. Lieutenant Sharipov A.N.
Art. clerk Sakhno Petr Emelyanovich
Private Red Army soldier Alexey Ivanovich Fedorenko
Private Red Army soldier Viktor Semenovich Nerubenko
Private Red Army soldier Bukhanov Pavel Grigorievich
Private Red Army soldier Mikhail Pavlovich Vodkovsky
13. Field postal station 1410
Head of teaching staff Technical quartermaster 1st rank Nizkiy N.P.
Pom. head of teaching staff Technical quartermaster 1st rank Groshnikov V.N.
Art. receiver Technical quartermaster 2nd rank Ignatiev V.D.
Art. receiver Technical quartermaster 2nd rank Priklonsky A.V.
Receiver MNSZ Popov V.N.
Forwarder MNSZ Osadchiy T.R.
Sorter MNSZ Bogdanov F.A.
Sorter MNSZ Shaposhnikov A.I.
Carrier Red Army soldier Ivanov G.P.
Carrier Red Army soldier M.S. Bocharov
Carrier Red Army soldier M.I. Serbaev
Carrier Red Army soldier S.P. Sidorenko
Carrier Red Army soldier S.A. Boev
Carrier Red Army soldier L.F. Bykov
Carrier Red Army soldier D.A. Zhuravlev
Postman Red Army soldier K.I. Reutsky
Sorter MNSZ Sanin M.M.
Sorter MNSZ Vaisman H.L.
Forwarder MNSZ Smetankin N.D.
Forwarder MNSZ Panchenko F.I.
14. Field cash desk of bank 772
Boss Technical quartermaster 1st rank Ilchishin P.M.
Accountant technical quartermaster 1st rank Fedoseev N.A.
Cashier technical quartermaster 2nd rank Lovygin D.M.
15. 416th medical battalion
SME commander - Abramov – Efimenko K.M.
Military commissar SME Naidin Sergey Stepanovich
Chief of staff Ivanov I.
Adjutant beginning SME headquarters Lieutenant Shevtsov I.P.
Head of Housekeeping Lykov V.M.
Head of medical warehouse Yakhimenko (deceased)
Assistant Head of Hospital Chuksina (Chursina) Evdokia Vasilievna
Resident doctor military doctor Khrenova Maria Nikolaevna
Resident doctor military doctor Aldshuler Vita Mendeleevna
Resident doctor military doctor Bogachek Ida Grigorievna
Resident doctor military doctor Avdeeva Evgenia Ivanovna
Resident doctor military doctor Avramenko Elena Alekseevna
Surgeon Stambovsky Moisey Alexandrovich
Surgeon Likhachev
Doctor Ozerov Anatoly
Head of the dental office Pantsevich
Art. paramedic Ulyanicheva Oksana Vladimirovna - died in June 1942 while escaping encirclement
Art. paramedic Sablina Maria Nikolaevna
Art. paramedic Zaitsevsky Konstantin Mikhailovich
Paramedic Marchenko P.V.
Paramedic Palagin
Paramedic Dykhanov Dmitry Ivanovich
Paramedic Sizov – it is known that he escaped the encirclement together with P.V. Rukhlenko.
Art. paramedic Zaitsevsky K.M. – after the war he lived in Voronezh
Vet. paramedic Kozintsev Petr Illarionovich
Art. nurse Medvedeva Anna Nikolaevna
Nurse Meshkova Elizaveta Filippovna - came out of the cauldron, Ulyanicheva died before her eyes
Nurse Kiseleva Olga Grigorievna
Nurse Orlova-Yakubovich Zlata Grigorievna
Nurse Luchenkova Antonina Evgrafovna
Nurse Samsonova Nadezhda Dmitrievna
Nurse Kruzhilina Vera Petrovna
Nurse Barachevskaya Galina Prokopyevna
Nurse Ulasik Olga Mikhailovna
Nurse Antonenko Serafima Filippovna
Nurse Tyukaeva Maria Dmitrievna
Nurse Astakhova Maria Moiseevna
Nurse Queen Alexandra Feodorovna
Nurse Kosaya Evgenia Iosifovna
Nurse Vorobyova Evgenia Semenovna
Nurse Gardener Ksenia Ivanovna
Nurse Birman Sarah Markovna
Nurse Gilevaya Polina Leontievna
Nurse Grishchenko Nina Petrovna
Head office work Kaminsky L.P.
Company political instructor political instructor Maxim Kirillovich Novikov
Com. platoon Tulupov
Com. platoon Fedin
Com. departments Zenin Sergey Ivanovich
Chauffeur Yusarev Alexey Federovich
Chauffeur Gorokhov Ivan Akimovich
Chauffeur Zhirokleev Mikhail Sergeevich
Sergeant Major Shabanov
Sergeant Major Titovsky Ilya Semenovich
Pom. com. platoon Pryamoglazov
Clerk Sergeant Major Federov Sergei Ivanovich
Clerk Popov Mikhail Yakovlevich
Art. cook Chernikov
Art. cook Zrelov Semyon Vasilievich
Head warehouse Chursin Philip
Head warehouse Zhdanov
Pom. com. platoon Motokin Nikolay Efimovich
Instructor-sanitary Loboda Dmitry Stepanovich
Orderly Klimenko Alexander Vladimirovich
Clerk foreman Egorov Fedor Semenovich Budina L.N. Kudishina A.N. Korneeva M.F.
Paramedic Bykov D.F.
Nurse Lukyanchikova Tamara Mikhailovna
Com. departments Chukalov Ivan Vasilievich
Com. departments Gorbunov Sergey Mitrofanovich
Com. departments Petrenko Ivan Nikolaevich
16. 409th separate chemical protection company
Company commander military engineer 3rd rank Gerasimov Petr Mikhailovich
Military commissar Art. political instructor Konstantin Fedeorovich Kasatkin
Assistant com. technical service companies military technician 2nd rank Bordachenkov Mikhail Grigorievich
Head of Chemistry laboratories ml. Lieutenant Akindinov Igor Nikolaevich
Com. platoon ml. Lieutenant Gorovoy Arseniy Fedeorovich
Art. clerk Art. Sergeant Morozov Mikhail Semenovich
Chauffeur Vostrikov Timofey Tikhonovich
Motorcyclist Potaenkov Grigory Egorovich
Motorcyclist Zabelin Vasily Alex.
Chemical observer Kaftanov Pavel Semenovich
Chemical observer Maslov Vasily Vasilievich
Chemical observer Khristyushkin Sergey Yakovlevich
Chemical observer Matyukhin Mikhail Gavrilovich
Chemical observer Shcheninin (Shchetinkin) Mikhail Dmitrievich
Chemical observer Polyansky Timofey Gerasimovich (Grigorievich)
Chemical observer Puzev (Guzev) Petr Emelyanovich
Chemical observer Timoshenko Mikhail Timofeevich
Chemical observer Savelyev Ivan Efimovich
Chemical observer Bezkaravayny Kuzma Petrovich
Chemical observer Povarkov Prokofy
Chemical observer Polukhin Ivan Vasilievich
Chemical observer Glukhoedov Pavel Nikolaevich
Chemical observer Buzin Nikolay Vasilievich
Chemical observer Morozov Ivan Mikhailovich
Chemical observer Kashin Semyon Ivanovich
Chemical observer Malikov Petr Ivanovich
Carriage Kretov Semyon Petrovich
Carriage Kornev Semyon Ivanovich
Chauffeur Repin Alexey Mikhailovich
Chauffeur Boldyrev Fedor Petrovich
Chauffeur Nekrasov Mitrofan Sergeevich
Chauffeur Voronov Mikhail Filippovich
Chauffeur Vlasov Vladimir Ivanovich
Chauffeur Volkov Yuikit Vasilievich
Chauffeur Klivtsov Petr Vlasovich
Chauffeur Guliev Fedor Afanasyevich
Chauffeur Pozdnyakov Frol Yu.
Chauffeur Shinkarenko Ivan Demyanovich
Chauffeur Levin Timofey Antonovich
Chauffeur Ermakov Ivan Grigorievich
Chemical observer Sorokin Dmitry Egorovich
Chemical observer Belousov Stefan Nikolaevich
Chemical observer Alekseychenko Ivan Dmitrievich
Chemical observer Lugovskoy Konstantin Yakovlevich
Chemical observer Pigarev Ivan Petrovich
Carriage Zaitsev Mikhail (Tikhon) Sergeevich
Carriage Pribytkov Ivan Nick.
Carriage Minakov Mikhail Ilyich
Chemical observer Bereshev Vasily Danilovich
Chemical observer Usatov Dmitry Vasilievich
Platoon commander Lieutenant Radkevich M.T. Foreman Sapurnenko Leonid Ivanovich
Part-commander Sergeant Dekin Mitrofan Vasilievich
Chemical observer Medzhanov Christopher Sergeevich
Chemical observer Nepryakhin Petr Evteevich
Chemical observer Pupkov Semyon Fed.
Chemical observer Golubyatnikov Alex. Pavlovich
Chemical observer Tarabanov Alexander Fedorovich
Chemical observer Agafonov Ivan Kuzmich
Chemical observer Bannov Pavel Andreevich
Chemical observer Soloviev Ivan Mikhailovich
Chemical observer Smurykin Philipp Mefodievich
Chemical observer Orenko Ivan Dmitrievich
Chemical observer Timofey Antonovich
Chemical observer Nikulin Ivan Grigorievich
The Russian Ministry of Defense has declassified a number of archival materials characterizing the course of military operations on the territory of Belarus in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War.
WHO ARE YOU, OIL INTENDANT?
In tragic summer days In 1941, many corps and divisions of the Red Army perished on our soil, along with their headquarters. Little of their combat documents has survived. But those that are at the disposal of scientists today shed additional light on many of the secrets of the war.
Moreover, thousands of front-line photographs from our and German archives have appeared online. Look, study, draw conclusions.
You can imagine our feelings when six photographs of our city were found among them. Invaluable evidence of him military history. All of them relate to the organization of the defense of Tolochin in 1941.
First tragedies, bitter lessons
At the end of June 1941, having closed the encirclement ring around the group Soviet troops near Minsk, the Germans rushed to the Berezina. At the forefront of the offensive of the German armies were the divisions of Colonel General Guderian's tank group. From the internal districts of the Soviet Union, fresh formations of the Red Army were hastily advancing to this water line. Among them is the elite 1st Moscow Proletarian Red Banner Division (unofficially nicknamed the “proletarka” in military circles), under the command of Colonel Kreizer. As of June 24, it consisted of almost 12 thousand personnel, 205 BT tanks, 24 T-37 amphibious tanks and 39 armored vehicles. The formation unloaded in Orsha, strengthened there by 30 new T-34 combat vehicles and 10 KV.
On July 1, having completed a 130-kilometer march along the Minsk-Moscow highway, the division entered the battle near Borisov on the move. I note that the order to move it to this line was one of the last orders of the commander of the Western Front, General Pavlov. On July 4, he was arrested and shot a few days later.
We must pay tribute to the command and training of the division's personnel. The battle of Borisov turned out to be unexpectedly difficult for the Germans. They crossed the Berezina, retained the bridgehead, throwing back the “proletarian”, but suffered significant losses. In his memoirs, Guderian frankly wrote about this: “The 18th Panzer Division gained a fairly complete picture of the strength of the Russians, because for the first time they used their T-34 tanks, against which our guns at that time were too weak» . An eloquent confession.
But Kreiser also got it. The surviving combat report from the division headquarters noted that by this time almost all of its artillery and vehicles had been knocked out by enemy aircraft. Let us add on our own behalf: in the battles on the Berezina, almost all of the formation’s tanks were lost. About 30 combat vehicles remained in service, several of them T-34s.
The commander of the 20th Army, General Kurochkin, tried to strengthen the division with his reserve. The 115th Tank Regiment was placed at the disposal of Kreiser. But he was intercepted by the Germans on the march and destroyed.
The bloodless formation could no longer advance and received an order for defense: to hold the Minsk-Smolensk-Moscow highway at any cost until July 10. Give the opportunity to second echelon armies Western Front turn around on the Dnieper.
The cruiser moved beyond the Beaver River...
And at this time in Tolochin
A military garrison was spontaneously formed from the retreating soldiers and commanders of the Red Army, which was headed by Quartermaster 1st Rank Maslov (a military rank for the military, economic and administrative personnel of the Red Army, corresponding to the rank of colonel). Unfortunately, Russian historians, apart from his last name, report nothing more about this person. But they give a detailed picture of his activities in our city.
Maslov organized a defense headquarters in Tolochin. He began to sign his orders as: “chief of the barrage detachment of the Western Front.” By his orders local authorities mobilized about 6 thousand people for defensive work. On the left bank of the Drut River, several strong points for infantry and artillery were equipped. Three special teams cleared the roads of broken equipment.
As of July 5, under his command there were already 472 military personnel who took up positions on prepared lines. The quartermaster placed the existing three anti-aircraft guns for direct fire near the bridge on the Minsk-Moscow highway.
He intercepted an “ownerless” sapper battalion in the forest and ordered its commander to destroy all crossings along the Drut River and its tributaries.
On time, on July 6, the advanced units of the German 47th Tank Corps, having carried out a deep maneuver, bypassed Kreizer's division and reached his rear through the village of Budovka. But this march was not easy for them.
– The conduct of battles is also aggravated by the fact that: noted in the combat log of the German unit for that day, - that as a result of the rain, all roads outside the highway have deteriorated so much that movement on them is impossible, or possible with great difficulty. In addition, the enemy blew up or burned all crossings even through small water barriers .
Here it is, the work of Quartermaster Maslov and his garrison! The Germans did not find suitable crossings across the Drut, lost their maneuver and got stuck on the highway near our city. Maybe not for long, just a few hours, but it was enough. Cruiser did not miss his chance...
CRUISER VS GUDERIAN
Fought until the last shell
Undoubtedly, the commander of the “proletarka” did a good job of reconnaissance. Or did Maslov inform him that the Germans had bypassed him and saddled the highway?
The thought remains that the quartermaster did not end up in our city by chance, but was a man of the far-sighted Kreizer. His actions are too confident and purposeful. It seems that the division commander foresaw the further development of events and, moving towards Borisov, deliberately left him in Tolochin.
In any case, Kreizer's reaction to this extremely alarming news was immediate. On July 7, with his surviving tanks, he struck a stretched column of Germans, destroyed it in a short-lived battle and, having crossed the Drut, met the advance of the main forces of the German corps at a position prepared by Maslov. Apparently, he hid the Thirty-Fours in ambush behind the folds of the terrain.
Most likely, in the first picture we see an episode of their attack. Apparently, while maneuvering along the highway, the tanks fired from their guns at the Germans as they deployed into battle formation, but in the heat of battle they jumped out onto a swampy area and found themselves trapped...
The division fought for the crossings for about a day and retreated to Kokhanovo on July 8, blowing up the bridges behind them. The division's gained 24 hours cost a lot. Hundreds of soldiers died in the battles, almost all tanks were lost.
– It should be noted, - Kreiser frankly wrote after the war in his memoirs, - that she retreated here, having suffered significant losses in personnel and technology. And if before this the division could conduct defensive battles on a fairly wide front, reaching 35 kilometers, now its combat capabilities were reduced to organizing defense with the available forces and means only in the main direction, along the Minsk-Moscow highway...
German sapper units quickly restored the crossing over the Drut and the 47th Tank Corps moved on. In the second photo, against the background of a German column, our Orthodox church. Along the road there is broken equipment: overturned cars, mutilated german tank. The work of our “thirty-fours”...
The elbow is close, but you won’t bite
On the same day, the commander of the 2nd Panzer Group, Colonel General Guderian, arrived in Tolochin. After hearing the report of the commander of the 18th division, which fought for the city and crossings, he personally examined the battlefield.
Three Soviet military vehicles in a swamp next to the highway attracted his close attention. The order was given to the engineering units to remove the tanks from the swamp.
The German soldiers got to work. In the third photo you can clearly see the logs that they use to strengthen the soil under the bottom of the cars, the cables...
Guderian remained with his headquarters in Tolochin for four days, preparing to cross the Dnieper. Undoubtedly, its specialists had every opportunity to study these and other captured vehicles in detail and draw certain conclusions. Which?
Discouraged Germans noted that soviet tanks superior to their combat vehicles in almost all respects. Under these conditions, Guderian proposes to the high command German army neither more nor less than... copy them and put them into mass production.
Guderian's opinion was very significant in military and industrial circles in Germany. He enjoyed a well-deserved reputation as the creator of the Wehrmacht tank forces, the developer of the theory and practice of their combat use.
A representative commission arrived at the Soviet-German front to study this issue. Here's what the general himself writes about this in his memoirs: “...prominent designers, industrialists and weapons department officers came to my tank army to get acquainted with the Russian T-34s, which are superior to our combat vehicles... Proposals from front-line soldiers to produce exactly the same tanks as the T-34 did not meet with any support from the designers. The designers were embarrassed, by the way, not by an aversion to imitation, but by the impossibility of production with the required speed the most important details T-34, especially the aluminum diesel engine. In addition, our alloy steel, the quality of which was declining due to the lack of necessary raw materials, was also inferior to the Russian alloy steel...”
Assessing the enemy is worth a lot. The scientific and industrial potential of the Soviet Union in tank building turned out to be higher than that of fascist Germany. The seeds of future victory were laid in the USSR in harsh years first five-year plans. In just fifteen pre-war years, the country created a powerful industry capable of producing military equipment of the highest level.
What about the Germans? Well, don’t let the goodness go to waste. You can't copy it, you can use it. Already in the summer of 1941, the first captured T-34 tanks, by order of Guderian, were sent to the mechanized divisions of the Wehrmacht. According to official data, during the war years German tank units used about 300 of these vehicles in battles.
It is interesting that it was the T-34 that one of Germany’s best tank aces, Emil Seibold, who scored 69 victories, preferred to fight on. This also says a lot.
Just a few photographs from the past of our city, but there is so much behind them in our history... However, we will retreat together with the Kreiser division to Kokhanovo...
Near Kokhanovo, a German tank wedge unexpectedly got stuck for two days. Guderian was seriously alarmed. By that time, the 24th and 46th corps of his tank group had already reached the Dnieper and were preparing to cross it. But without the support of tank divisions rushing to the river crossings along the Minsk-Moscow highway, he did not dare to do this. Intelligence reported that a fresh Russian 16th army, which had just arrived from Ukraine, was deployed north of Orsha. We had to take into account its likely attack on the open flanks. And then there was Field Marshal von Kluge, his immediate superior intervened in the operation. Arriving on July 9 in Tolochin, where Guderian’s command post was located in the building of a former monastery, he listened to his report and categorically ordered to stop the offensive, pointing out that the troops were too stretched and weakened. A huge scandal broke out within the walls of the ancient monastery. According to the recollections of staff officers, the two commanders, without mincing words, shouted at each other: “like longshoremen.” At the same time, Guderian, let’s face it, deceived the field marshal, declaring that all his divisions had already reached the Dnieper and any delay in crossing the river would lead to large losses, and, as a result, to the breakdown of the entire summer company. Ultimately, Kluge, very reluctantly, allowed Guderian to cross the river, stating that without the support of far behind infantry, his troops were at great risk (if only he knew that on the central sector of the front the Kreiser division that day repelled all German attacks and they are still 30 kilometers from the Dnieper...).
CRUISER - SECOND FROM THE RIGHT.
By the way, the mutual hostility of the field marshal and the general subsequently went so far that in 1943 they decided to fight a duel. Hitler, having learned about this, had difficulty reconciling both.
Trying to figure out what was going on with the grouping of troops in the direction of the main attack, Guderian, after Kluge’s departure, immediately left for the command post of the 47th Corps. The report of the formation commander was very alarming. This is what he wrote in his diary about this: “After the stormy scene in Tolochin, I went to the 47th Tank Corps, which, being in a difficult situation, needed special support. At 12:15 p.m. I was in Krupki at the command post of General Lemelsen. He expressed doubt that 18 tank division will be able to capture the Kokhanovo region since the troops are too tired from continuous fighting...”
GUDERIAN DURING THE FORCING OF THE DNIEPR.
Guderian was outstanding commander. He immediately stopped the attack on Senno and transferred reserves along country roads to help the central group of troops. On July 10, after heavy fighting, the Kreiser division retreated to Orsha. Guderian was able to breathe a sigh of relief: “...On July 10, at the front of the 47th Panzer Corps, we also managed to complete the difficult task of concentrating troops and occupying the starting position...” he responded in his memoirs on this matter.
Now let's think about it. The cruiser held the defense in the Tolochin area for a day, having prepared a position along the Druta in advance. And in the Kokhanovo area, the “proletarka”, almost without tanks, with a small number of artillery, with open flanks (the 20th Army was already beyond the Dnieper) has been fighting for two days. At the same time, they fight in such a way that the German command hesitated about the advisability of a further offensive. How could this happen? Where did the strength of the bloodless Kreiser division come from? I’ll say right away that I don’t have an answer to this question. Just vague guesses that arose from the statements of the same Guderian.
On July 7, 1941, preparing to cross the Dnieper, he wrote: “The Russians occupied strong bridgeheads near Rogachev, Mogilev and Orsha.” Maybe the answer is hidden here? In an open field, the Germans would have smoothed out the battle formations of the battered division without any problems. Or the strong bridgehead fortifications of Orsha. They were probably created in advance, in peacetime, at a great distance from the crossings, excluding artillery fire on them. In any case, this is what the Red Army's combat regulations required. Kokhanovo could well have entered this zone, which means it had an extensive network of long-term defensive structures that allowed the Kreiser division to “catch on” to them and fight successfully.
“Proletarka” did the impossible these days. She forced Guderian to turn off the highway and, wasting precious time, prepare the crossing of the 47th Panzer Corps in the Kopys area. A direct attack on Orsha never took place!
On July 11, the commander of the 20th Army gave the long-awaited order to the Cruiser division: leave the battle, cross to the eastern bank of the Dnieper, and head to the rear for reorganization. But before the ink had even dried under it, it was cancelled. German troops under the command of Guderian, on a wide front, they began to cross the Dnieper! Everything that was at hand at the command of the Red Army was thrown into battle. Including the remnants of the 1st motorized rifle division.
Her further fate was tragic. There is very little information that on July 14, after Kreiser was wounded, the division, consolidated into one small regiment, was thrown back by the Germans to Mogilev and fought for several days in the encircled city. And on July 18, together with its garrison, it made a desperate breakthrough. Only a few were able to reach their own...
M.KOROLEV.
(When writing the material, the memoirs of Guderian, Kreiser, Isaev’s book “Unknown 1941. The Stopped Blitzkrieg”, photo documents from the Internet were used).
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As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all ranks and military ranks in the Russian army remaining from the previous regime.
The period of formation of the Red Army. The first insignia.
Thus, all the soldiers of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918, no longer had any single military uniform as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a breastplate was introduced for the soldiers of the Red Army, on which a star with a hammer and a plow framed by a wreath of oak leaves. For all headdresses of military personnel, an emblem was introduced - a red star with the image of a plow and a hammer.
At the very early period In the formation of Red Army detachments, there was simply no need for any insignia, since the fighters knew their immediate superiors and commanders very well. However, over time, with an increase in the scale of hostilities and the total number of troops, the lack of clear and clear insignia caused more and more problems and all sorts of misunderstandings.
So, for example, one of the commanders of the Northern Front wrote in his memoirs that discipline in the units was very lame and the norm was rude responses from soldiers to their commanders like “You need it, so go and fight ...” or “Here’s another boss who’s turned up.” ..." When the commanders, in turn, wanted to impose penalties, the soldier simply answered - “who knew that this was the boss...”
In January 1918, the head of the 18th division, I.P. Uborevich, independently introduced his own insignia in subordinate units and wrote a letter for approval to the Revolutionary Military Council of the Army about the need to introduce similar insignia for the entire Red Army.
Introduction of uniforms and insignia.
Only in 1919, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army introduced an approved uniform and clearly defined insignia for all command personnel.
By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of January 16, red stars and triangles under them were introduced on the sleeves for junior commanders, squares for mid-level commanders and diamonds for senior commanders. Buttonholes of different colors according to the branches of the military are also being introduced.
Red stars and triangles under them for junior commanders, squares for mid-level commanders and diamonds for senior commanders. - Detached commander
- Assistant Platoon Leader
- Sergeant Major
- Platoon commander
- Company commander
- Battalion Commander
- Regimental commander
- Brigade commander
- Head of Division
- Army commander
- Front Commander
The famous helmet-shaped headdress was approved in April 1918. Overcoats for infantry and cavalry with characteristic tabs across the chest and the colors of certain types of troops.
According to the order of the RVSR 116, all insignia were sewn on the left sleeve, and in April 1920, sleeve insignia by branch of the military were introduced. For the infantry it was a crimson cloth diamond with a circle and diverging rays and a star. Under the star were rifles crossed with each other.
The design on the badge itself was exactly the same for all branches of the military. And only under the star there was an emblem for the corresponding type of troops. The signs differed only in the shape and colors of the fields. So, for the engineering troops it was a square made of black cloth, for cavalrymen - horseshoes made of blue cloth.
- Squad leader (cavalry).
- Commander of a battalion, division (artillery).
- Front commander.
According to Order RVSR 322, a completely new uniform is being introduced, which provides a single cut for a helmet, tunic and overcoat. New distinctive signs are also being introduced.
The sleeve was covered with a flap made of cloth according to the color of the troops. At the top of which was a red star with insignia. Below were signs of the military branches.
Combat commanders had red insignia. The administrative staff had blue signs. A metal star was attached to the headdresses.
In general, the uniform of the command staff did not differ significantly from the uniform of the Red Army soldiers.
Reform of 1924. Positions and titles.
During the reform of 1924, the Red Army switched to a strengthened version of the uniform. The chest flaps and sleeve marks were abolished. The buttonhole was sewn onto tunics and overcoats. For infantry units - crimson with black edging, for cavalry - blue with black, for artillery - black with red edging, engineering troops were black with blue trim. For the Air Force - blue with red edging.
Badges made of metal with red enamel were attached to the buttonholes. Diamonds for the senior command, rectangles for the senior, squares for the middle command and triangles for the junior. The buttonholes of ordinary Red Army soldiers indicated the numbers of their units.
The command staff was divided into junior, middle, senior, and senior. And it was further divided into fourteen job categories.
When appointed to a position, commanders were assigned a certain category with the index “K”. For example, the platoon commander had a K-3 category, the company commander K-5, and so on.
On September 22, 1935, personal ranks were introduced. In the Land and Air Force these are lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, major, colonel, brigade commander, division commander and corps commander. In addition, there were also army commanders of the first and second ranks.
- Military-political composition for all branches and types of troops - political commissar, senior political commissar, battalion commissar, regimental commissar, brigade commissar, division commissar, corps commissar, army commissar of the first and second ranks.
- For the technical command staff of the Ground and Air Force - military technician of the first and second ranks, military engineer of the first, second and third ranks, brigade engineer, divisional engineer, coring engineer, arming engineer.
- Administrative and economic staff - technical quartermaster of the first and second ranks, quartermaster of the first, second and third ranks, brigintendant, divintendant, corintendent, armintendant.
- Military doctors of all services and branches of the military - military paramedic, senior military paramedic, military doctor of the first, second and third rank, brigade doctor, divisional doctor, corrologist, army doctor.
- For military lawyers - junior military lawyer, military lawyer, military lawyer of the first, second and third ranks, brigade lawyer, divisional military lawyer, military lawyer, military lawyer.
At the same time, the military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was introduced. It was awarded strictly personally and for special distinctions and merits. The first marshals were M. N. Tukhachevsky, V. K. Blyukher, K. E. Voroshilov, S. M. Budyonny, A. I. Egorov.
In September 1935, the People's Commissar of Defense was tasked with certifying the senior command staff of the Red Army and assigning the appropriate ranks.
The terms of stay in previous ranks were also established in case of successful completion of certifications. For lieutenants, Art. for lieutenants - three years, for captains and majors - four years, for colonels - five years. For everyone who had a rank above brigade commander, no deadlines were established.
As a rule, promotion was accompanied by an increase in rank. All commanders who served the established terms, but did not receive another rank could remain in the same capacity for another two years. If such a commander could not earn further promotion, the issue of his transfer to the reserve and transfer to another service was decided.
The People's Commissar of Defense in special cases could assign ranks without observing any deadlines or length of service. He also awarded the rank of commander. The ranks of army commanders of the first and second ranks could only be awarded by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the Council of People's Commissars.
New uniform of 1935.
In December 1935, according to the order of NKO 176, a new uniform and new insignia were introduced.
Command staff. For the Marshal of the Soviet Union - red buttonholes with gold edging. Star embroidered with gold threads. Red triangle with a star on the sleeves.
The commander of the first rank had four diamonds and a star on his buttonholes. The color of the buttonholes corresponded to the branch of the army. The commander was supposed to have three diamonds and three squares on his sleeves. Division commander - two diamonds and two squares. And the brigade commander - one diamond with a square.
The colonels had 3 rectangles or, as they were also called, “sleepers.” The major has 2 rectangles, the captain has one. The senior lieutenant wore three cubes and a square, the lieutenant - respectively, two.
The military-political personnel were assigned crimson buttonholes with black edging. With the exception of the army commissar, everyone had stars with a hammer and sickle on their sleeves.
In the summer of 1937, with the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, the ranks of junior lieutenant, junior political instructor and junior military technician were introduced for junior commanders who had completed special, short-term courses.
Big Golden Star embroidered by the Marshals of the Soviet Union. Just below are laurel wreaths with a hammer and sickle. The buttonholes of an army general had five stars, a colonel general had four, a lieutenant general had three, and a major general had two.
Until 1943.
In this form, the insignia existed until January 1943. It was then that they were introduced into Soviet army shoulder straps and the cut of the uniform has changed significantly.
To maximize the strengthening of the engineering, medical and quartermaster staff, the State Defense Committee introduced unified personal ranks at the beginning of 1943. The engineering and technical staff of the Air Force, artillery and armored forces - lieutenant technician, senior lieutenant technician, engineer captain, major engineer, lieutenant colonel engineer, colonel engineer, major general of the aviation engineering service.
By decision of the State Defense Committee, all command and control personnel were completely recertified.
The decree of the USSR PVS also established the ranks of marshals of aviation, artillery, armored forces and chief marshal for the same types of troops. As a result, in 1943, the USSR army began to exist one system ranks for all command personnel.
