MBOU secondary school No. 49, Ulyanovsk
History teacher, social studies
Social studies lesson for 10th grade
Lesson topic: "Society as a complex system"
Target: continue to create conditions for students to understand society as an integral system through the development of the ability to analyze, synthesize, and transform information from text.
Lesson type: combined.
Lesson type: lesson with elements of independent work by students
Expected results: During the lesson, students will be able to:
Educational:
Knowconcepts and terms “society”, “society as a system”, “spheres of social life”, “social relations”;
Educational:
be able to analyze, compare, generalize and draw conclusions;
be able to use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities;
be able to: compare, analyze, draw conclusions, rationally solve cognitive and problem tasks, work in a group, speak publicly;
Educational:
to develop interest in social science; try to cultivate humanity.
Basic concepts:
Society- A set of people united by the method of producing material goods at a certain level historical development, certain relations of production.
Social system- is a set of social phenomena and processes that are in relationships and connections with each other and form some social object
Social Institute- is an organized system social connections and norms, designed to satisfy the basic needs of society, social groups and individuals.
Equipment: Computer, multimedia equipment,handouts for analyzing the problem posed.
Literature: Social science. 10th grade. Basic level. BogolyubovL.N. and others. M.: 2014. - 351 p.
Further reading:
Kokhanovsky V.P., Matyash G.P., Yakovlev V.P., Zharov L.V. Philosophy for secondary and special education educational institutions. Rostov n/d, 2008.
Sociology in Russia - M., Publishing House of the Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1998
Durkheim E. Division of social labor. M.: Kanon, 1996.
Lesson plan.
I . Organizational moment (2 min.).
II . Checking homework (8 min.).
III . Learning new material .(25–30 min).
The concept of "society".
The relationship between society and nature.
Spheres of public life and their interaction.
Social sciences, their features.
IV . Consolidation of the studied material. (4 min.).
V . Reflection (2min.)
Progress of the lesson.
I . Organizational moment (2 min.) (Greetings).
II . Checking homework (8 min.)
1. What do social sciences study?
1) stars, seas
2) changes in substances
3) animals
4) the result of human activity
2. What is social progress?
2) development of society
3. What is advanced age?
1) the stage of a person’s life from 45 to 65 years old, in which the results of life and one’s own achievements are summed up
2) the stage of a person’s life over 65 years of age, in which many people spend their remaining energy on living peacefully
3) the stage of a person’s life from 25 to 40 - 45 years old, which is characterized by success in the chosen profession, starting a family, having children
4. Which statement is true?
A. Grandparents are our ancestors, parents and we ourselves are descendants.
B. Most scientists agree that culture has two dimensions - material culture and intangible culture.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
5. What applies to material culture?
1) myths
2) knowledge
3) steam engine
4) language
6. What is technical progress?
1) improvement of tools and technology
2) development of society
3) physical development person
4) an uninterrupted relay race of forward-looking generations
7. Which statement is true?
A. A person reaches his dawn by the age of 20–30.
B. The period from 15 to 20 years corresponds to maturity.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
8. What refers to spiritual culture?
1) temple
2) tools
3) steam engine
4) language
III . Learning new material .(30 –31 min)(teacher's story + independent work)
Conversation: It is suggested to answer the question
What is society? (students' answers)
Teacher: At first glance, it seems that answering this question is easy. Indeed, the concept of “society” has long and firmly entered our scientific and everyday vocabulary. But as soon as we attempt to define it, we are convinced that there can be many such definitions.
society is a part of the world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes ways of interaction between people and forms of their unification.
This definition reflects the concept of society in a broad sense. It must be remembered.
Features of the social system
Exercise : Using the text of the textbook (pages 18-19), imagine schematically society as a system
Features of society as a system:
Teacher: Firstly, society as a system is complex, since it includes many levels, subsystems, and elements. Thus, we can talk about human society on a global scale, about society within one country, about various social groups in which each person is included (nation, class, family, etc.).
The macrostructure of society as a system consists of four subsystems, which are the main spheres human activity– material and production, social, political, spiritual. Each of these spheres known to you has its own complex structure and is itself a complex system. Thus, the political sphere acts as a system that includes large number components - the state, parties, etc. But the state, for example, is also a system with many components.
Thus, any of the existing spheres of society, being a subsystem in relation to society, at the same time itself acts as a rather complex system. Therefore, we can talk about a hierarchy of systems consisting of a number of different levels.
In other words, society is a complex system of systems, a kind of supersystem.
Secondly, characteristic feature society as a system is the presence in its composition of elements of different quality, both material (various technical devices, institutions, etc.) and ideal (values, ideas, traditions, etc.). For example, the economic sphere includes enterprises vehicles, raw materials and supplies, manufactured goods and at the same time economic knowledge, rules, values, patterns of economic behavior and much more.
Thirdly, the main element of society as a system is a person who has the ability to set goals and choose the means of carrying out his activities. This makes social systems more changeable and mobile than natural ones.
Social life is in constant change. The pace and extent of these changes may vary; There are periods in the history of mankind when the established order of life did not change in its fundamentals for centuries, but over time the pace of change began to increase.
From a history course, you know that in societies that existed in different eras, certain qualitative changes occurred, while natural systems did not undergo significant changes during those periods. This fact indicates that society is a dynamic system that has a property that in science is expressed by the concepts of “change”, “development”, “progress”, “regression”, “evolution”, “revolution”, etc.
Consequently, man is a universal element of all social systems, since he is necessarily included in each of them.
Social institutions (mini-lecture)
Teacher : The most important component of society as a system is social institutions.
Social institutions – stable collections of people, groups, institutions, whose activities are aimed at performing certain functions and are based on certain norms and standards of behavior.
Main institutions of society:
Family
School
Production
Church
State
These 5 types are aimed at satisfying vital types of needs:
In the reproduction of the species;
Safe and social order;
In the means of subsistence;
In acquiring knowledge, socializing the younger generation, training;
In solving spiritual problems, searching for the meaning of life.
Characteristic features of social institutions:
1) The union of all persons engaged in a certain type of activity in order to meet the needs of society
2) Fastening by the system social norms regulating the corresponding types of behavior
3) The presence of institutions equipped with certain material resources necessary for any type of activity
4) A clear delineation of the functions of each of the subjects of interaction, the coherence of their actions, high level regulation and control
5) Integration into the socio-political, legal, value structure of society, which makes it possible to legitimize the activities of this institution and exercise control over it
IV . Reinforcing the material learned .( Group assignment ).
Complete the task based on the text from handouts(groups are divided into rows):
From the work of a modern American sociologist E. Shilza "Society and societies: a macrosociological approach."
What is included in societies? As has already been said, the most differentiated of them consist not only of families and kinship groups, but also of associations, unions, firms and farms, schools and universities, armies, churches and sects, parties and numerous other corporate bodies or organizations which, in in turn, have boundaries defining the circle of members over which the corresponding corporate authorities - parents, managers, chairmen, etc., etc. - exercise a certain measure of control. This also includes systems formally and informally organized along territorial lines - communities, villages, districts, cities, districts - all of which also have some features of society. Further, this includes unorganized aggregates of people within society - social classes or strata, occupations and professions, religions, linguistic groups - which have a culture inherent more in those who have a certain status or occupy a certain position than in everyone else.
…So, we are convinced that society is not just a collection of united people, primordial and cultural groups interacting and exchanging services with each other. All these groups form society by virtue of their existence undergeneral power which exercises control overterritory marked by borders, supports and enforces more or lessgeneral culture. It is these factors that transform a collection of relatively specialized initial corporate and cultural groups into a society.
Questions and tasks for the document
What components, according to E. Shils, are included in society? Indicate which areas of society each of them belongs to.
Select from the listed components those that are social institutions.
Based on the text, prove that the author views society as a social system.
V. Reflection
“Ladder. “My condition”
VI. Homework: (3 min.)
§2, optional - using two examples, illustrate the influence of society on nature and nature on society;
Use two examples to illustrate the relationship between the political and social spheres;
Using two examples, illustrate the relationship between the economic and spiritual spheres;
Slide 1
Features of the social system. Social institutions The work was carried out by O. Bashlykova. Teacher Dmitry Yurievich Suslin www.dmsuslin.narod.ruSlide 2
A social system is a holistic formation, the main elements of which are people, as well as their stable connections, interactions and relationships. Social systems are formed on the basis of the joint activities of people. Firstly, society as a system is complex, since it includes many levels, subsystems, and elements. This is how we can talk about human society on a global scale, about society within one country, about various social groups in which each person is included (nation, class, family). The macrostructure of society as a system consists of four subsystems, which are the main spheres of human activity - materially derivative, social, political, spiritual
Slide 3
Each of these spheres has its own complex structure and is itself a complex system. Thus, any of the existing spheres of society, being a subsystem in relation to society, at the same time itself acts as a rather complex system. Therefore, we need to talk about a hierarchy of systems consisting of a number of different levels. In other words, society is a complex system, a kind of Supersystem.
Slide 4
Slide 5
THE ECONOMIC SPHERE IS THE SPHERE OF HUMAN ACTIVITY TAKEN IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, EXCHANGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MATERIAL GOODS AND SERVICES. Commonality of the economic sphere. (in% of the number of respondents in Russia).
Slide 6
The spiritual system - the sphere of human activity develops in the process of production, consumption, exchange and distribution, storage of information, knowledge, cultural values (science, education, art, religion)
Slide 7
The political sphere is the relationship between the state and society, between bodies state power, political parties, between states and peoples.
Slide 8
Slide 9
The social sphere is a condition surrounding daily life human society (family, school, education, work, healthcare) Distribution of additional funds raised in the social sphere...
Slide 10
Slide 11
Secondly, a characteristic feature of society as a system is the presence in its composition of elements of different quality, both material (various technical devices, institutions) and ideal (values, ideas, traditions). Thirdly, the main element of society as a system is a person who has the ability to set goals and choose the means of carrying out his activities. From your history course, you know that in societies that existed in different eras, certain qualitative changes occurred, while the natural systems of those periods did not undergo significant changes. This fact indicates that society is a dynamic system with a property that in science is expressed by the concepts of “change”, “development”, “progress”, “regression”, “evolution”, “revolution”. Consequently, man is a universal element of all social systems, since he is certainly included in each of them.
Slide 12
A social institution is a system of restrictions created by people, the implementation of which is supported by coercive mechanisms. Coercion mechanisms can include both sanctions for non-compliance with rules and various incentives for following them. Sanctions and incentives can be both material and non-material in nature. Also, a social institution can be defined as: a set of individuals, organizations, institutions, material resources, providing a certain social need through the functioning of a system of mutually agreed upon, purposefully oriented standards of behavior; a stable set of norms, rules and symbols that regulate any aspect of human life and organize them into a system of roles and statuses. Institutions can be classified according to various criteria: formal and informal legal and illegal
Slide 13
A social institution is a set of norms, regulations and requirements associated with a certain organizational structure, through which society controls and regulates the activities of people in the most important spheres of public life. Social institutions are: property, state, political parties, family, church, labor organizations, educational institutions, science, means mass media. In the history of society, sustainable types of activities have developed aimed at satisfying the most important needs of life. Sociologists identify five such social needs. - The need for reproduction; Need for security and social order; The need for subsistence; The need for knowledge acquisition, socialization of the younger generation, personnel training; The need to solve spiritual problems of the meaning of life.
Slide 14
The family is considered one of the four fundamental institutions of society, giving it stability and the ability to replenish the population in each subsequent generation. At the same time, the family acts as a small group - the most cohesive and stable unit of society. Throughout his life, a person is part of many different groups - a group of peers or friends, school class, a work brigade or a sports team - but only the family remains the group that he never leaves. Family is an integral part of society, and it is impossible to reduce its importance. Not a single nation, not a single somewhat civilized society could do without a family. The foreseeable future of society is also unimaginable without family. For every person, family is the beginning of beginnings.
Slide 15
Sociology of the family is one of the most developed areas sociological knowledge. In our country alone, the bibliography of works on the sociology of the family includes more than 3 thousand titles. Leading researchers in this branch of sociology are E.K. Vasiliev, A.G. Vishnevsky, S.I. Golod, I.S. Cohn, M.S. Matskovsky, B.S. Pavlov, N. G. Yurkevich, A. G. Kharchev, V. G. Kharcheva and many others. Foreign sociology has a long tradition of studying the family. The most famous specialists in this field are I. Nye, I. Reis, V. Burr, R. Hill, M. Bekombo, A. Girard, L. Roussel, F. Michel and others. Marriage is the foundation family relations“Marriage is a historically determined, sanctioned and socially regulated form of relationship between a man and a woman, establishing their rights and responsibilities in relation to each other, to children and to society.”1 In other words, marriage is a contract that is entered into by three parties - man, woman and state. Unlike all other formal contracts existing in society, it stipulates only one date - the date of conclusion of the marriage agreement, but does not indicate the end date of the contract.
Slide 16
The existence of the family, like all social institutions, is determined by social needs. Like all social institutions, the family is a system of actions and relationships necessary for the existence and development of society. "The family is small social group, the members of which are united by marriage or consanguinity, community of life, mutual assistance, and mutual and moral responsibility.”1 Through the family, the unity of the social and natural in man, social and biological heredity is most fully expressed. In its essence, the family is the primary link between nature and society, the material and spiritual aspects of people’s lives.
Slide 17
There are two main types of family - extended (or multigenerational), also called traditional (classical), and modern nuclear (two-generation) family. The family is called nuclear because the demographic core of the family, responsible for the reproduction of new generations, is the parents and their children. They form the biological, social and economic center of any family. All other relatives belong to the periphery of the family. If they all live together, then the family is called an extended family. It expands through 3-4 generations of direct relatives. A nuclear family can be complete or incomplete. A complete family is a family in which there are two spouses, an incomplete family is a family in which one of the spouses is missing. It should be noted that a nuclear family is possible in those societies where adult children have the opportunity to live separately from the parental family after marriage.
Sociology The science of the most common problems specifically human relationships and the interconnection of phenomena studied by other social sciences Auguste Comte () French philosopher, founder of positivism, founder of sociology
The meaning of the concept of “society” The concept of “society” The totality of all people living on Earth and the interactions between them A relatively closed and independently existing part of a single human society An organization of people united for some reason Human society Nation Religious community, society of book lovers
Forms of connection of elements in social system Causal-functional integration, in which various elements influence each other and the system as a whole, and the exclusion of one of the elements and its transfer to another system entails a change in the structure and functions of the whole Family
Economic sphere this is what allows society to put into production the resources at its disposal land capital labor management to create a quantity of goods and services that satisfy the vital needs of people for food, housing and leisure
Participation in the economic life of society Direct participationIndirect participation Economically active population % of the population WorkersEmployees Peasants Entrepreneurs Consumers of goods and services 100% of the population
The main tasks of the spiritual sphere Science is called upon to discover new knowledge in the natural, technical and humanitarian fields Education Must pass on the knowledge discovered by scientists to subsequent generations Culture Designed to create and preserve artistic values
Social sphere in a broad sense A set of organizations and institutions responsible for the well-being of the entire population Covers almost all layers and classes of society The social sphere includes shops, passenger transport, utilities and consumer services, catering, healthcare, communications, leisure and entertainment facilities
Social sphere in a narrow sense Only socially vulnerable segments of the population and institutions serving them Pensioners, unemployed, low-income people, large families, disabled people, social protection and social security authorities of local and federal subordination
Social relations Material relations Spiritual (ideal) relations Arise and develop directly in the course of a person’s practical activity outside of his consciousness and independently of him Industrial relations Ecological relations Relations regarding childbearing are formed by first “passing through the consciousness” of people, determined by their spiritual values Moral relations Political relations Legal relations Artistic relations Philosophical relations Religious relations
Basic institutions of society The term “institute” has many meanings From the Latin institutum – establishment, structure, establishment Narrow technical meaning: the name of specialized scientific and educational institutions Broad social meaning: a set of legal norms for a certain range of social relations
41 Needs for the reproduction of people Institute of family and marriage Needs for obtaining a means of subsistence Economic institutions, production Needs for security and social order Political institutions, state Needs for solving spiritual problems, developing and transmitting new knowledge, educating the younger generation Spiritual institutions in a broad sense, including science and culture
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