Name: Potassium sodium tartrate E337
Other names: E337, E-337, English: E337, E-337, Sodium potassium tartrate
Group: Food additive
Type: Antioxidants, antioxidants
Effect on the body: safe
Approved in countries: Russia, Ukraine, EU
Rochelle salt E337 (Sodium potassium tartrate, potassium-sodium tartrate) was named in honor of its creator, French pharmacist Pierre Seignet. He discovered it in the mid-17th century. Antioxidant, has a salty, cooling taste. It is included in the registers of food additives in almost all countries of the world.
In appearance, these are crystals with a range of colors from blue to colorless. The decomposition process of the additive occurs already at a temperature of 55.6 ° C, and water of crystallization evaporates from the substance. Easily dissolves in water, has high hygroscopicity, and during dissolution in water it partially precipitates.
Rochelle salt E337 has specific electrical properties; it can carry out polarization in temperature gradations. Some derivatives of potassium sodium tartrate (its tetrahydrate) have piezoelectric properties.
Application:
Rochette salt E337 is used as an antioxidant in food preservation and the bakery industry. Rochelle salt is added to baking mixtures as a leavening agent. The field of application of the E337 additive is not limited to the food industry. Due to its electrophysical properties, sodium potassium tartrate was involved in the production of equipment. In particular, E337 was found in the pickups of telephone handsets, microphones, gramophones, and hearing aids. In the second half of the 20th century, Rochelle salt was increasingly used in the manufacturing process of electrical equipment.
Additive E-337 is also used in the process of silvering mirrors, as a demulsifier for aqueous solutions in organic synthesis. In chemical laboratories, potassium sodium tartrate is necessary for the detection of sugars and proteins.
Rochelle salt E337 is also used in medicine, as part of various drugs, including effervescent, instant drugs, and also as a laxative. Approved for use in all countries of the world.
Effect on the human body:
Information about negative impact on the human body at the moment no. There is information that Rochelle salt E337 was widely used in medicine to treat disorders digestive system, as a laxative. Normalizes digestive processes in the body, participates in the process of removing toxins. Already long time Sodium potassium tartrate E337 is used as a morning tonic in Seydlitz homeopathic powder. The daily dose for humans has not been described.
Physical properties and application in technology
In addition, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate is one of the first substances that were discovered to have piezoelectric properties (Pierre and Jacques Curie, ). Later, these properties found application in technology: first in the interwar period in the USA (patent of the company BRUSH No. 2483647), and then in other countries (in the USSR in 2010), Rochelle salt began to be used in electric phone pickups, microphones, telephone handsets and other similar devices (for example, in hearing aids). This substance has found particularly wide application during times of increased demand for electrical equipment in post-war years. Compared to other converters, the output voltage of Rochelle salt is very high (even three thousand times more). However, converters made from it cannot be stored in a damp place, since salt, due to its hygroscopicity, gradually spreads.
Chemical properties and application
Sodium potassium tartrate is a component of Fehling's liquid, in which it is used to detect sugars. Rochelle salt is also used in silvering mirrors using the Heinrichson method. Additionally, this salt is used in organic synthesis as a demulsifier in aqueous solutions, usually in reactions involving aluminum hydride. Finally, the solution for the determination of proteins by the biuret method also contains sodium potassium tartrate.
Other uses
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in the food industry as an additive E337(antioxidant). It has a salty, cooling taste. This salt is also used in baking powders. The substance also found use in medicine - as a laxative (allegedly the pharmacist Seignet used this salt to help with stomach disorders). For these purposes, Rochelle salt is now often used as part of Seydlitz powder.
See also
Write a review about the article "Segnet salt"
Notes
An excerpt characterizing Rochelle salt
- Call, call. “Pitiful boy,” Denisov repeated.Petya was standing at the door when Denisov said this. Petya crawled between the officers and came close to Denisov.
“Let me kiss you, my dear,” he said. - Oh, how great! how good! - And, having kissed Denisov, he ran into the yard.
- Bosse! Vincent! – Petya shouted, stopping at the door.
- Who do you want, sir? - said a voice from the darkness. Petya answered that the boy was French, who was taken today.
- A! Spring? - said the Cossack.
His name Vincent has already been changed: the Cossacks - into Vesenny, and the men and soldiers - into Visenya. In both adaptations, this reminder of spring coincided with the idea of a young boy.
“He was warming himself by the fire there.” Hey Visenya! Visenya! Spring! – voices and laughter were heard in the darkness.
“And the boy is smart,” said the hussar standing next to Petya. “We fed him just now.” Passion was hungry!
Footsteps were heard in the darkness and, bare feet splashing in the mud, the drummer approached the door.
“Ah, c"est vous!" said Petya. “Voulez vous manger? N"ayez pas peur, on ne vous fera pas de mal,” he added, timidly and affectionately touching his hand. - Entrez, entrez. [Oh, it's you! Are you hungry? Don't be afraid, they won't do anything to you. Enter, enter.]
“Merci, monsieur, [Thank you, sir.],” answered the drummer in a trembling, almost childish voice and began to wipe his dirty feet on the threshold. Petya wanted to say a lot to the drummer, but he didn’t dare. He stood next to him in the hallway, shifting. Then in the darkness I took his hand and shook it.
“Entrez, entrez,” he repeated only in a gentle whisper.
“Oh, what should I do to him!” - Petya said to himself and, opening the door, let the boy pass by.
When the drummer entered the hut, Petya sat away from him, considering it humiliating for himself to pay attention to him. He just felt the money in his pocket and was in doubt whether it would be a shame to give it to the drummer.
From the drummer, who, on Denisov’s orders, was given vodka, mutton and whom Denisov ordered to dress in a Russian caftan, so that, without sending him away with the prisoners, he would be left with the party, Petya’s attention was diverted by the arrival of Dolokhov. Petya in the army heard many stories about the extraordinary courage and cruelty of Dolokhov with the French, and therefore, from the moment Dolokhov entered the hut, Petya, without taking his eyes off, looked at him and became more and more encouraged, twitching his head raised, so as not to be unworthy even of such a society as Dolokhov.
Dolokhov’s appearance strangely struck Petya with its simplicity.
Denisov dressed in a checkmen, wore a beard and on his chest the image of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and in his manner of speaking, in all his manners, he showed the peculiarity of his position. Dolokhov, on the contrary, previously in Moscow, who had worn a Persian suit, now had the appearance of the most prim Guards officer. His face was clean-shaven, he was dressed in a guards padded frock coat with George in the buttonhole and a simple cap straight on. He took off his wet cloak in the corner and, going up to Denisov, without greeting anyone, immediately began asking about the matter. Denisov told him about the plans that large detachments had for their transport, and about sending Petya, and about how he responded to both generals. Then Denisov told everything he knew about the position of the French detachment.
“That’s true, but you need to know what and how many troops,” said Dolokhov, “you will need to go.” Without knowing exactly how many there are, you cannot start the business. I like to do things carefully. Now, would any of the gentlemen want to go with me to their camp? I have my uniforms with me.
- I, I... I will go with you! – Petya screamed.
“You don’t need to go at all,” Denisov said, turning to Dolokhov, “and I won’t let him in for anything.”
- That's great! - Petya cried out, - why shouldn’t I go?..
- Yes, because there is no need.
“Well, excuse me, because... because... I’ll go, that’s all.” Will you take me? – he turned to Dolokhov.
“Why…” answered Dolokhov absentmindedly, peering into the face of the French drummer.
- How long have you had this young man? – he asked Denisov.
- Today they took him, but he doesn’t know anything. I left it for myself.
- Well, where are you putting the rest? - said Dolokhov.
- How to where? “I’m sending you under guard!” Denisov suddenly blushed and cried out. “And I’ll boldly say that I don’t have a single person on my conscience. Are you happy to send someone away or not?” than magic, I will tell you, the honor of a soldier.
“It’s decent for a young count of sixteen to say these pleasantries,” Dolokhov said with a cold grin, “but it’s time for you to leave it.”
“Well, I’m not saying anything, I’m just saying that I will definitely go with you,” Petya said timidly.
“And it’s time for you and me, brother, to give up these pleasantries,” Dolokhov continued, as if he found special pleasure in talking about this subject that irritated Denisov. - Well, why did you take this to you? - he said, shaking his head. - Then why do you feel sorry for him? After all, we know these receipts of yours. You send them a hundred people, and thirty will come. They will starve or be beaten. So is it all the same not to take them?
Esaul, narrowing his bright eyes, nodded his head approvingly.
- This is all shit, there’s nothing to argue about. I don’t want to take it on my soul. You talk - help. Well, hog "osho." Just not from me.
Dolokhov laughed.
“Who didn’t tell them to catch me twenty times?” But they will catch me and you, with your chivalry, anyway. – He paused. - However, we have to do something. Send my Cossack with a pack! I have two French uniforms. Well, are you coming with me? – he asked Petya.
- I? Yes, yes, absolutely,” Petya cried, blushing almost to tears, looking at Denisov.
Again, while Dolokhov was arguing with Denisov about what should be done with the prisoners, Petya felt awkward and hasty; but again I did not have time to fully understand what they were talking about. “If big, famous people think so, then it must be so, therefore it’s good,” he thought. “And most importantly, Denisov must not dare to think that I will obey him, that he can command me.” I will definitely go with Dolokhov to the French camp. He can do it and so can I.”
To all of Denisov’s urgings not to travel, Petya replied that he, too, was used to doing everything carefully, and not Lazar’s at random, and that he never thought about danger to himself.
“Because,” you yourself must agree, “if you don’t know correctly how many there are, the lives of maybe hundreds depend on it, but here we are alone, and then I really want this, and I will definitely, definitely go, you won’t stop me.” “, he said, “it will only get worse...
Dressed in French greatcoats and shakos, Petya and Dolokhov drove to the clearing from which Denisov looked at the camp, and, leaving the forest in complete darkness, descended into the ravine. Having driven down, Dolokhov ordered the Cossacks accompanying him to wait here and rode at a fast trot along the road to the bridge. Petya, transfixed with excitement, rode next to him.
“If we get caught, I won’t give up alive, I have a gun,” Petya whispered.
“Don’t speak Russian,” Dolokhov said in a quick whisper, and at that same moment a cry was heard in the darkness: “Qui vive?” [Who's coming?] and the ringing of a gun.
— organic compound, crystalline hydrate of double (potassium and sodium) salt of tartaric acid. This substance was named Rochelle salt in honor of a pharmacist from France, who in the 17th century made it from winemaking waste and used it as a laxative. Formula - KNaC4H4O6.4H2O. "Rochelle salt" is the traditional name. Chemists use: potassium-sodium tartrate 4-water or potassium-sodium tartrate tetrahydrate.
Rochelle salt is obtained artificially, chemical reaction tartaric acid with potassium carbonate (carbonate) and sodium.
Properties
IN normal conditions — crystalline substance, salty taste, with a cooling effect. Crystals can be colorless, white, or bluish.
They have complex structure and shape, have no center of symmetry, twelve-sided. They dissolve well in water, do not dissolve in alcohol. The reagent begins to decompose already at temperatures above +56 °C. When strongly heated, it first loses water of crystallization, then decomposes into potassium-sodium carbonate, water and carbon monoxide. It has ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Rochelle salt is non-toxic, non-flammable, fire- and explosion-proof.
Rochelle salt crystals were the first to have late XIX centuries discovered special electrical properties - spontaneous polarization in a certain temperature range. It turned out that the polarization of the crystal can be controlled by strong magnetic field. After this, the entire class of substances with similar properties began to be called ferroelectrics. Today, more than seven hundred substances belong to this class.
Sodium-potassium tartrate crystals aroused even greater interest when Pierre and Jean Curie discovered a piezoelectric effect in them, three thousand times stronger than that of quartz crystals. The piezoelectric effect is the occurrence of electrical discharges under mechanical influence on solid. On its basis, before World War II, many different electronic devices were developed: ultrasonic locators, loudspeakers, hearing aids, medical probes, telephones, microphones and many others. Most were originally designed for wafers cut from quartz crystals, but these were very expensive and required sophisticated cutting equipment with diamond saws. Rochelle salt crystals were much cheaper and could simply be cut with damp thread. Unfortunately, they were fragile, unstable to temperature changes and high humidity. In the end, these shortcomings were overcome by placing the plates in waterproof shells. Mass production of electronic piezoelectric devices based on the reagent began. As the famous academician Alexandrov said: “Rochelle salt turned out to be a gold mine for physicists.”
The production of devices and devices based on the piezoelectric effect stimulated the creation of a new industry - the growing of large ferroelectric crystals. During the war, in the Soviet Union, it was possible to reduce the growing time for one and a half to two kilogram crystals of Rochelle salt from the original six months to 8-9 days. The army needed them so much that they were grown even in besieged Leningrad. In total, 54 tons of crystals were grown during the war. They were used in the manufacture of laryngophones (a microphone-type device that uses vibrations of the skin on the larynx) for tank crews and pilots, devices for underwater location and communications, piezoelectric fuses, loudspeakers from which the population received all news and information, etc.
Currently, Rochelle salt plates are almost never used as piezoelectrics. They were replaced by stronger crystals, for example, barium titanate.
Application 
In the chemical industry - in organic syntheses to break down emulsions in aqueous solutions; V analytical chemistry for preparing buffer and standard solutions; is part of the reagents for aldehydes and ketones.
. In the food industry, as an antioxidant and leavening agent, an emulsifier in cheese making; included in baking powders.
. For silvering mirrors.
. In radio engineering and electronics.
. For cleaning gold-plated bronze (Rochelle salt does not react with copper oxides, so only copper salts and hydrates are removed).
. For the preparation of electrolytes for electroplating.
. In medicine, biology, and analytical chemistry, they are used to prepare solutions for the detection of sugars and proteins.
. To obtain medications, including laxatives in pharmacology.
. As a plant growth stimulator in agriculture.
Potassium-sodium tartrate GOST 5845-79
KNaC 4 H 4 O 6 4H 2 O
Rochelle salt- tetrahydrate of double sodium-potassium salt of tartaric acid ( sodium potassium tartrate). Named after the French pharmacist Pierre Seignet (fr. Pierre Seignette), 1660-1719 (other sources indicate the name of the pharmacist Elie Seigner (1632-1698), as well as the years of obtaining salt - 1672 and 1675).
Chemical properties and application
Since sodium potassium tartrate is a salt of tartaric acid, several optical isomers correspond to it. Only L-(+)-tartaric acid occurs in nature
The tetrahydrate is highly soluble in water (54 g/100 g) at 15 °C, at 30 °C 1390 g/l), and the salt is hygroscopic. However, the salt as such is obviously poorly soluble, since it precipitates during the preparation reaction.
Sodium potassium tartrate is a component of Fehling's liquid, in which it is used to detect sugars. Rochelle salt is also used in silvering mirrors using the Heinrichson method. In addition, this salt is used in organic synthesis as a demulsifier in aqueous solutions, usually in reactions involving aluminum hydride. Finally, the solution for the determination of proteins by the biuret method also contains sodium potassium tartrate.
In the laboratory, this salt is obtained by precipitation in fine crystalline form from a hot solution of potassium acid tartrate by adding a stoichiometric amount of Na 2 CO 3.
